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研究生: 陳嘉惠
Chen, Jia-Hui
論文名稱: 故鄉或他鄉——葡萄牙第二代與1.5代華裔移民身分認同之研究
A Study on Identity of Chinese Immigrants in Portugal: Generation 2.0 and 1.5
指導教授: 楊秉煌
Yang, Ping-Huang
口試委員: 江柏煒
CHIANG, PO-WEI
何致中
Ho, Chih-Chung
楊秉煌
Yang, Ping-Huang
口試日期: 2022/07/05
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 華語文教學系
Department of Chinese as a Second Language
論文出版年: 2022
畢業學年度: 110
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 147
中文關鍵詞: 葡萄牙華裔移民認同第二代1.5代
英文關鍵詞: Portuguese-Chinese, immigrant identity, second generation, 1.5 generation
研究方法: 文件分析法深度訪談法半結構式訪談法
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202200874
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:102下載:22
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  • 上個世紀八十年代,受經濟等原因相吸,移入葡萄牙的華人移民人數達到一個小高峰。這些較有代表性的華人第一代移民於當地紮根、發展,其後代子女也成長為獨當一面的青年。與第一代移民相比,第二代和1.5代普遍更有語言優勢,第二代則被認為相對更能融入葡萄牙社會。然而,作為葡萄牙華裔,他們的身分認同又是如何的?是否存在哪些不同之處?
    本研究基於這個核心問題展開,旨在探討葡萄牙華裔青年身分認同之情形,包括認同的差異、形塑認同之差異的因素,以及認同可能帶來的影響。為此,邀請十位年齡介於18歲至30歲之間的華裔青年,採半結構式訪談,收集有關家庭背景、求學經歷、社群交際、歸屬感和歧視經驗等分析資料。
    根據研究結果,葡萄牙第二代與1.5華裔青年的身分認同存在明顯差異,1.5代較第二代更能認同中國人身分,其中第二代認同中國人身分有之、認同葡萄牙人身分有之,游離於兩者的亦有之。在形成認同的差異方面,既夾雜了歸屬感的需求,也涉及了多重認同的選擇。最後,他們的認同將影響他們的流動意願、族群忠誠感和對於婚戀的選擇。

    Due to the economic and other factors, the number of Chinese immigrants has grown in Portugal in 1980s. These relatively representative Chinese first-generation immigrants had settled and developed in the local area, and their descendants also become independent individual. Compared with the first generation, the generations 2.0 and 1.5 generally have better language skills, and the second generation is considered to be relatively more integrated into Portuguese society. However, as a Portuguese-Chinese, how they define themselves? Are there any differences?
    Based on this crucial question, this study aims to explore the identity of Portuguese-Chinese youth, including the different types in identities, the way it was shaped, and the possible effects it leads. For this purpose, ten Chinese youths between the ages of 18 and 30 were invited to semi-structured interviews to be collected analytical data on family background, schooling experience, social communication, sense of belonging, and experience of discrimination.
    According to the research results, there are obvious differences in the identities of generation 2.0 and 1.5. The 1.5-generation is more likely to identify themselves as a Chinese than the second-generation. The second-generation not only expressed their preference of being Chinese, but also Portuguese and in–between. In terms of differences of identity formation, the demand of belongingness and multiple identities’ choice were involved. Finally, their identity will influence their willingness to move, their sense of ethnic loyalty, and their choice of intimate relationships.

    第一章 緒論 1 第一節、研究背景與動機 2 第二節、研究問題與目的 6 第三節、研究範圍與對象 7 第四節、重要名詞釋義 9 第二章 文獻探討 16 第一節、身分認同之研究 16 一、身分認同概念的界定與分化 16 二、身分認同研究的發展與特徵 18 三、身分認同的形成與根源 19 第二節、移民身分認同之研究 20 一、族群認同理論與實證 20 二、移民文化認同與適應 23 三、雙文化身分現象研究 25 第三節、移民後代身分認同之異同 27 一、 移民後代身分認同之研究歷程 27 二、 第二代身分認同之研究 30 三、 1.5代身分認同之研究 32 第四節、葡萄牙華人移民之歷史背景 35 一、 早期的葡萄牙華人移民 35 二、 晚近的葡萄牙華人移民 37 三、 葡萄牙國籍法之規定 37 第三章 研究方法與實施 40 第一節、研究方法 40 一、文獻分析法(Literature Review) 40 二、深度訪談法(In-depth Interview) 41 三、抽象五階梯分析法 42 第二節、研究流程 44 第三節、研究對象與抽樣方法 45 一、研究對象界定 45 二、抽樣方法與進行 45 第四節、研究工具與實施 46 一、訪談大綱 46 二、實施步驟 47 第五節、資料整理與分析 48 一、歸納主題 49 二、形成假說 52 三、作出解釋 54 第四章 葡萄牙華裔認同之現況 55 第一節、受訪葡萄牙華裔青年樣本整理分析 56 第二節、葡萄牙華裔世代認同之異同 58 一、我們是什麼人? 59 二、我們哪裡不一樣? 66 第五章 認同的構築與實現 76 第一節、葡萄牙華裔認同形成分析 76 一、認同的基礎——家庭環境與人格特質的因素 77 二、認同的過程——學習環境與自尊需求的因素 84 三、認同的發展——文化實踐與衝突策略的因素 91 四、認同的構築——社會融合與焦慮整合的因素 97 第二節、葡萄牙華裔認同之影響 105 一、回流與順流的抉擇 106 二、族群忠誠感的映現 111 三、親密關係的實踐 118 第六章 結論與建議 124 第一節、研究結果 124 第二節、研究限制與展望 130

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