本文以尼可洛・帕格尼尼(Nicolò Paganini, 1782-1840) 的《二十四首隨想曲》(24 Capricci per Violin Solo, Op. 1) 為研究對象，探討其中小提琴左手技巧之發展沿革與應用。經由瞭解作品之創作背景與特色，分析作品的作品體裁、旋律特色以及相關音樂元素，藉以從中探究帕格尼尼《二十四首隨想曲》中獨特的音樂語言，並進而瞭解演奏者應如何予以詮釋。
全文共分為四大部分：首先，透過理解帕格尼尼音樂學習背景，以探求其人格特質與創作潛質；再者，作品與樂曲分析將針對作品之創作背景與特色，以及樂曲中曲式、旋律特色，與和聲特性等進行探討；此外，由「運指與換把位」、「雙音與和弦」以及「特殊技巧」三個面向，探究小提琴左手技巧之沿革與發展，最後，演奏法之研究則根基於樂曲所具現之特性，針對速度的掌握以及左手技巧，提出相關資料之彙整與筆者自身演奏時的想法。

This thesis aims at undertaking a research on 24 Caprices of Niccolò Paganini and its main objective is to discuss the application of left-hand techniques and its historical change and development. By understanding the background and the characters of musical works, it allows this study to analyze the genre, the melodic attributes and other elements of musical artworks. To understand how a performer interprets the unique musical language of 24 Caprices is the key element of this study as well.

This study can be divided into four main sections: first, the music learning background of Niccolò Paganini facilitates a deep research into his personality and creative potential. Second, this study conducts the analysis of musical works and compositions: the background and the characters of musical works and also the style, the melodic attributes and the harmonic characters of compositions. Third, this study explores the historical change and development of left hand techniques on the basis of three crucial aspects: (1) Fingering and shifting positions (2) Double-stopping and chords (3) Special techniques. The last but not the least, this study looks into the playing techniques, such as the speed control and left hand techniques, according to the characters of musical composition itself in order to conclude relevant information and come up with ideas of the writer when playing the music.

一、 樂譜

De Tremais. 6 Violin Sonatas, Op. 4. Paris: Le Clerc, Mme Boivin, n.d.

Hume, Tobias. Captain Humes Poeticall Musicke. London: John Windet, 1607.

Paganini, Nicolò. 24 Caprices for Violin Solo, Op. 1. G. Henle Verlag München, 1990.

Paganini, Nicolò. 24 Caprices for Violin Solo, Op. 1. New York: International Music Company.

_____________. 24 Caprices for Violin Solo, Op. 1. G. Schirmer, Inc., 1986.

_____________. 24 Caprices for Violin Solo, Op. 1. Germany: C. F. Peters.

二、 西文專書、期刊與論文

Brown, Howard Mayer and Stanley Sadie. Performance practice : music after 1600. Basingstoke, Hampshire [England] : MacMillan Press, Music Division ; New York, NY : Norton, 1990.

Bertinetto, Alessandro. “Paganini Does Not Repeat. Musical Improvisation and the Type/ Token Ontology.” Teorema: Revista Internacional de Filosofía, Vol. 31, No. 3 Filosofía de la música/ Philosophy of Music (2012): 105-126.

Borer, P. “The Twenty-four Caprices of Niccolo Paganini: their significance for the history of violin playing and the music of the Romantic era.” University of Tasmania, 1995.

Bose, Sudip. “Music: On Virtuosity: A mastery of technique ought to be exalted, not disdained.” The American Scholar, Vol. 74, No. 3 (Summer, 2005): 113-116.

Boyden, David Dodge. “The Violin and Its Technique in the 18th Century.” The Musical Quarterly, Vol. 36, No. 1. (January, 1950): 9-38.

Campagnoli, Bartolomeo. Metodo della Meccanica Progressiva per suonare il Violino. Milan: Ricordi, n.d. Plates 3006-24464.

Fachiri, Adila. “Trends in Violin Playing.” Oxford Journals, Vol. 31, No. 3 (July, 1950): 282-284.

Flesch, Carl. The Art of Violin Playing. New York: Carl Fischer Inc., 1930.

__________. Violin Fingering its Theory and Practice. New York: Da Capo Press, 1979.

Fétis, François-Joseph. Nicola Paganini- With An Analysis Of His Compositions And A Sketch Of The History Of The Violin. Dover Music Publications; Reprint edition, 2013.

Fischer, Simon. Practice. Edition Peters, 2004.

Galamian, Ivan. Principles of Violin Playing and Teaching. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1985.

Galliver, David. “Reviewed Works: A History of Bel Canto by Rodolfo Celletti and Fredrick Fuller.” Oxford Journals, Vol. 73, No. 3 (August, 1992): 447-448.

Guhr, Carl. Über Paganinis Kunst, die Violine zu spielen. Mainz: B. Schott's Söhnen, n.d.[1830]. Plate 3194, 1830.

Halfpenny, Eric. “Paganini’s Secret.” The Musical Times, Vol. 88, No. 1248 (February, 1947): 69.

Hiller, Johann Adam. Anweisung zum musikalisch-zierlichen Gesange. Leipzig: Johann Friedrich Junius, 1780.

Istel, Edgar and Baker, Theodore. “The Secret of Paganini’s Technique.” The Music Quarterly, Vol. 16, No. 1 (January, 1930): 101-116.

Joachim, Henry. “Three Milestones in the History of Violin Playing. III. Paganini (Concluded).” The Musical Times, Vol. 73, No. 1078 (December, 1932): 1079-1082.

Klein, Herman. “The Bel Canto” The Musical Times, Vol. 65, No. 974 (April, 1924): 308-311.

Lawson, Colin (Colin James) Stowell, Robin. The historical performance of music : an introduction. New York : Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Löhlein, Georg Simon. Anweisung zum Violinspielen. Pantin, 2016, 1st ed.1774, ,2nd ed. 1781.

Longyear, Rey M.. Nineteenth-Century Romanticism in Music. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1988.

Mozart, Leopold. Versuch einer grundlichen Violinschule. English A treatise on the fundamental principles of violin playing. New York : Oxford University Press, 1985.

Neumann, Frederick. Performance practices of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. New York : Schirmer Books, 1993.

Osborne, Charles. The bel canto operas of Rossini, Donizetti, and Bellini. Portland, Or. : Amadeus Press, 1994.

Perry, Jeffrey. Paganini’s Quest: The Twenty-four Capricci per violin solo, Op.1. 19th-Century Music, Vol. 27, No. 3, 2004

Pulver, Jeffrey. Paganini, the romantic virtuoso. New York : Da Capo Press, 1970.

__________ _. “Personal Contacts with Paganini and Spohr.” The Musical Times, Vol. 80, No. 1158 (August, 1937): 579-580.

Reichardt, Johann Friedrich. Über die Pflichten des Ripien-Violinisten. Berlin und Leipzig: George Jacob Decker, 1776.

Rink, John. Musical Performance. Cambridge University Press, 2002.

Rizo-Rangabé, Alexandros. “Paganini’s Fingering.” The Musical Times, Vol. 94, No. 1320 (February, 1953): 78.

Sachs, Harvey. Virtuoso : the life and art of Niccolo Paganini, Franz Liszt, Anton Rubinstein, Ignace Jan Paderewsk. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1982.

Shir, Gregory. Paganini Shir: 24 Caprices. Paganini Technique, 2009.

Spohr, Louis. Violinschule. Vienna: Haslinger, n.d.(ca.1832) Plate T.H. 6050.

Steane, John. “Reviewed Works: The Bel Canto Operas of Rossini, Donizetti and Bellini by Charles Osborne.” The Musical Times, Vol. 135, No. 1819 (September, 1994): 568.

Stowell, Robin. Violin Technique and Performance Practice in the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

Sugden, John. Paganini. London : Omnibus Press, 1986.

Walls, Peter. History, imagination, and the performance of music. Rochester, NY : Boydell Press, 2003.

Walton, Charles. Basic Forms in Music. Alfred Music, 2005.

Zacharevitch, Michael. “A Paganini Manuscript.” Oxford Jounals, Vol. 21, No. 2 (April, 1940): 179-180.

三、 中文專書與專文期刊

華卡 (Farga, Franz)。《帕加尼尼》。林勝儀譯。台北市 : 全音樂譜，1984。

傑米尼亞尼・法蘭西斯科(Geminiani, Francesco)。《小提琴演奏之藝術》(The Art of Playing on the Violin)。蕭心筠譯，陳藍谷主編。台北市 : 中國文化大學華岡出版部，2011。

蘇局登 (Sugedn, John)。《偉大作曲家羣像 : 帕格尼尼》。楊敦惠譯。台北市 : 智庫出版 ; 台北縣新店市 : 貞德總經銷，1995。

楊沛仁。《音樂史與欣賞》(A History of Western Classical Music)。台北：美樂出版社，2012。

簡名彥。《從尼古拉・帕噶尼尼二十四首〈綺想曲〉作品一探討指法與左大姆指之運用》。台北：小雅音樂有限公司，2015。

四、 網路資訊與影音資料

Berlioz, Hector. A Treatise upon Modern Instrumentation and Orchestration.
http://hugoribeiro.com.br/biblioteca-digital/Berlioz-Treatise_modern_instrumentation. pdf

Eugene K. Wolf, et al., ‘Carl (Philipp) Stamitz’, Grove Music Online.

Lucy Robinson, ‘Machy’, Grove Music Online.

Mark Lindley, et al, ‘Fingering’, Grove Music Online.

Owen Jander and Ellen T. Harris, ‘Bel canto’, Grove Music Online.

Thompson, Wendy and Jane Bellingham. ‘Capriccio’, Grove Music Online.

Paganini, Nicolò. 24 Caprices for Violin Solo, Op. 1. Julia Fischer. UNIVERSAL B00CH84OHS. 2010. CD.

Paganini, Nicolò. 24 Caprices for Violin Solo, Op. 1. Itzhak Perlman. EMI B00CH811YM. 2011. CD.