本研究旨在探討國中生的社經地位、社會資本、生活型態與幸福感之間的關係。資料來源為國立臺灣師範大學健康促進與衛生教育學系姜逸群教授主持之「學校衛生行政與青少年健康之研究」在2007年收集之資料。本研究係以臺灣地區南部七縣市公立學校國中生為母群體，從中選取閩南籍、排除父母均歿者、隔代教養者、與其他親戚同住者，最後共得樣本3212位。研究資料以描述性統計、皮爾森積差相關、單因子變異數分析、典型相關、結構方程模式等方法進行分析，所得重要結果如下：
一、國中生的社經地位、社會資本、生活型態及幸福感之現況
1. 研究對象父母親的教育程度以高中職者最多，國小以下者最少。父母親的職業方面，父親以第四類最多，母親以第五類最多，最少的均是第一類。
2.研究對象擁有不錯的合作、互惠、信任、同儕網絡、師生關係之社會資本。
3.研究對象擁有正向健康的營養行為、安全行為、壓力管理行為、健康責任行為，但運動行為較差。
4.研究對象擁有正向的幸福感。
二、國中生其社經地位、社會資本、生活型態與幸福感的關係
1.母親教育程度與研究對象幸福感有顯著差異，而父親教育程度、父母親職業與研究對象幸福感則無關。
2.父母親教育程度、父親職業與研究對象社會資本有顯著差異，但母親職業與社會資本無關。
3.父母親教育程度、父母親職業與生活型態有顯著差異。
4.社會資本與幸福感呈正相關，即研究對象與同學合作解決事情行為愈多、與同學相互幫忙情形愈多、對人信任感愈多、與同學互動關係愈多、與師長關係愈好者，其幸福感愈好。
5.生活型態與幸福感呈正相關，即研究對象日常飲食選擇維持營養健康的行為愈好、從事維持健康體適能的活動愈多、從事維護自身安全的行為愈多、面對壓力時的自我調整方式愈好、增進與健康有關的知識、態度、行為愈多者，其幸福感愈好。
6.社會資本與生活型態呈正相關，研究對象的社會資本愈多，愈能落實正向的生活型態。社會資本之合作、互惠、信任、同儕網絡、師生關係可解釋生活型態之營養行為、運動行為、安全行為、壓力管理行為、健康責任行為總變異量之13.3%。三個典型因素可解釋國中生生活型態總變異量之27%。
三、國中生的社經地位、社會資本、生活型態與幸福感結構關係方面
1.本研究提出的「國中生幸福感影響模式」與實證觀察所得資料相適配。
2.社經地位直接影響國中生的幸福感，亦可經由社會資本、生活型態中介變項影響國中生的幸福感。
3.社經地位可解釋社會資本總變異量的1%。社經地位、社會資本可解釋生活型態總變異量的31%。社經地位、社會資本、生活型態可解釋幸福感總變異量的44%。

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among socioeconomic status, social capital, lifestyle and well-being of junior high school students. The data were collected from “Study on School Health Administration and Adolescent Health” hosted in 2007 by Dr. I-Chyun Chiang, professor of Department of Health Promotion and Health Education at National Taiwan Normal University. The junior high school students in 7 counties and cities in southern Taiwan were the target population of the study. Southern Min people, exclusive of those whose parents were both dead, who were reared by grandparents, and who lived with other relatives were selected by the researcher. And 3,212 samples were valid finally. The Data were analyzed with descriptive statistic, Pearson product moment correlation, one-way ANOVA, canonical correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling. The main results of this research were summarized as follows:
1. The current situation of socioeconomic status, social capital, lifestyles and well-being of the junior high school students:
(1) Most of the research subjects’ parents were with the educational level of senior high(vocational) school, and those who were with the education level of elementary school or lower were the least. As for parental occupations, the fathers of type four were the most common, and the mothers type five. Type one is the fewest in numbers in both fathers and mothers.
(2) The research subjects got high scores in cooperation, reciprocity, trust, peer network, and teacher-student relationship of social capital.
(3) The research subjects possessed positive nutritional behavior, safety behavior, stress management behavior, and health responsibility behavior. But their sport behavior was worse.
(4) The research subjects scored high in well-being.
2. The relationships among socioeconomic status, social capital, lifestyles and well-being of the junior high school students:
(1) There was significant difference between mother’s educational levels and the research subjects’ well-being, but father’s educational levels and parental occupations were not related to the research subjects’well-being.
(2) There was significant difference between the research subjects’ social capital and parental educational levels, and between the research subjects’ social capital and fathers’ occupations. But mothers’ occupations were not related to social capital.
(3) There was significant difference between lifestyles and parental educational levels and between lifestyles and parental occupations.
(4) There was positive correlation between social capital and well-being. The more the research subjects cooperated with classmates, helped one another, trusted people, interacted with classmates, and the better the relationship with teachers they had, the better their well-being was.
(5) There was positive correlation between lifestyles and well-being. The research subjects who had better nutritional behavior, who did more physical fitness activities, who had more safety behavior, who had better stress management behavior, and who had more health responsibility behavior had better well-being.
(6) There was positive correlation between social capital and lifestyles. The more social capital the research subjects had, the more positive lifestyles they had. Social capital accounted for 13.3% of the total variation of lifestyles. The three canonical factors accounted for 27% of the total variation of the research subjects’ lifestyles.
3. The structural relationship among socioeconomic status, social capital, lifestyles and well-being of junior high school students:
(1) The model of relationship among socioeconomic status, social capital, lifestyles and well-being of junior high school students in the research fitted the practical observation data.
(2) Socioeconomic status had direct effect on well-being, and it could also affect the well-being of junior high school students through the mediator variation of social capital and lifestyles.
(3) Socioeconomic status accounted for 1% of the total variation of social capital. Socioeconomic status and social capital accounted for 31% of the total variation of lifestyles. Socioeconomic status, social capital and lifestyles accounted for 44% of the total variation of well-being.

一、中文部份
丁志音（1988）。生活方式與健康：概念、倫理及政策的探討(上)。公共衛生，15(1)，16-26。
丁志音、江東亮（1996）。以健康行為型態分類臺灣地區之成年人口群--群聚分析之應用。中華公共衛生雜誌，15(3)，175-187。
尹祚芊（2000）。學校衛生護理。臺灣醫學，4(2)，215-222。
王中天（2003）。社會資本（Social Capital）：概念、源起、及現況。問題與研究，42(5)，139-163。
王秀紅（2000）。老年人的健康促進—護理的涵義。護理雜誌，47(1)，19-25。
王佳禾、侯季宜、張進上（2008）。國小學童幸福感量表之編製。家庭教育與諮商學刊，4，57-85。
王亮（2006）。社區社會資本與社區歸屬感的形成。求實，2006(9)，48-50。
王保進（2004）。多變量分析：套裝程式與資料分析。台北：高等教育。
王健、孟慶躍、Winnie Yip、賈莉英、王麗娜（2008）。農村居民主觀幸福感與健康的相關性。山東大學學報（醫學版），46(9)，919-921。
史璦溱（2009）。國中生健康促進生活型態及其相關因素研究--以臺北縣某國中學生為例。國立臺灣師範大學健康促進與衛生教育學系碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
白姍綺（2003）。地區收入不平等、個人社經地位與自評健康。國立臺灣大學衛生政策與管理研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
朱建宗（2006）。台中縣市國中學生文化資本、學校社會資本與英語科學業成就之關係研究。國立彰化師範大學教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，彰化縣。
江芳盛（2006）。國中學生課業補習效果之探討。臺北市立教育大學學報，37(1)，131-148。
江明修、鄭勝分（2004）。從政府與第三部門的觀點析探台灣社會資本之內涵及其發展策略。理論與政策，17(3)，37-58。
行政院衛生署（2009）。97死因統計。2009年11月2日，取自http://www.doh.gov.tw/CHT2006/DM/DM2_2.aspx?now_fod_list_no=10642&class_no=440&level_no=3。
何淑熙、利菊秀（2007）。社會經濟因素與生活型態對臺灣地區中老年人持續健康的影響分析。嶺東學報，22，1-32。
何瑞珠（1998）。家長參與子女的教育：文化資本與社會資本的闡釋。教育學報，26(2)，233-261。
別蓮蒂（2000）。生活型態白皮書。臺北：商周出版。
吳月霞（2005）。國小高年級單親兒童親子互動、社會支持與其幸福感之研究。國立嘉義大學家庭教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，嘉義縣。
吳淑敏（2003）。婦女幸福感之研究。教育學刊，20，119-140。
吳筱婷（2006）。國小學童父母教養方式與其幸福感關係之研究。國立高雄師範大學教育學系碩士論文，未出版，高雄市。
吳靜吉（1990）。你快樂嗎？快樂如何追尋。載於楊國樞、吳靜吉、鄭石岩和曾昭旭合著。快樂如何追求。台北：遠流。
呂佩勳（2009）。健康旅遊體驗與幸福感之研究。國立臺灣師範大學人類發展與家庭學系博士論文，未出版，台北市。
巫有鎰（1999）。影響國小學生學業成就的因果機制-以台北市和台東縣做比較。教育研究集刊，43，213-242。
巫雅菁（2001）。大學生幸福感之研究。國立高雄師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文，未出版，高雄市。
李小雲、邱國軍（2000）。社會資本、社會組織與公民社會。第三屆國際民間組織合作研討會論文集，p113-118。北京：中國國際民間組織合作促進會。
李秀珍（2007）。國中生健康促進生活型態及其影響因素之探討--以台南縣四所國中生為例。長榮大學職業安全與衛生研究所在職專班碩士論文，未出版，台南縣。
李思賢、張弘潔、劉潔心、吳文琪（2006）。家庭及學校的社會資本與國小學童內化行為問題之關係。中華心理衛生學刊，19(3)，231-253。
李素菁（2002）。青少年家庭支持與幸福感之相關研究—以台中市立國中生為例。靜宜大學青少年兒童福利學系碩士班碩士論文，未出版，台中縣。
李淑茹（2006）。大學生健康促進生活型態之研究。佛光人文社會學院公共事務學系碩士班碩士論文，未出版，宜蘭縣。
李惠斌、楊雪冬（2000）。社會資本與社會發展。北京：社會科學文獻堂。
李蕙芳（2007）。台灣地區國中學生家庭教育關聯資本與學習成就之模式建構。國立彰化師範大學教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，彰化縣。
李靜怡（2005）。國中生的師生關係、同儕關係與其快樂來源、快樂程度之相關研究。國立臺中師範學院諮商與教育心理研究所碩士論文，未出版，台中市。
阮玉梅（2001）。衛生教育。載於莊昭華、柯任桂編著。公共衛生護理學，30-34。台北：啟英文化。
周宏室、劉照金（2004）。影響台灣地區學生體育態度之關鍵因素研究。大專體育學刊，6(1)，1-15。
周國民（2007）。家長社會資本與學童學業成就、學校適應關係之研究—以台南縣國小為例。國立中正大學教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，嘉義縣。
周新富（2003）。家庭社會資本組成構面及其與學習結果之關係。臺灣教育社會學研究，3(2)，85-112。
周新富（2008）。社會階級對子女學業成就的影響—以家庭資源為分析架構。臺灣教育社會學研究，8(1)，1-43。
屈寧英（2004）。高中生生活壓力、社會支持、行為模式與幸福感相關性之研究—以臺北市立某女子高級中學為例。國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育學系碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
林大森、陳憶芬（2006）。臺灣高中生參加補習之效益分析。教育研究集刊，52(4)，35-70。
林文聰（2004）。國中學生之家庭功能、學校適應與幸福感之研究。國立彰化師範大學教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，彰化縣。
林玉菁（2005）。臺灣老年人之主觀幸福感與健康資本相關因素探討。台中健康暨管理學院健康管理研究所碩士論文，未出版，台中縣。
林生傳（2000）。教育社會學。台北市：巨流出版社。
林吉祥（2003）。從同儕影響來談青少年婚前性行為與性態度。學生事務，42(4)，43-48。
林怡伶（2008）。青少年知覺與重要他人關係量表之編製及其與身心健康、幸福感之研究。國立屏東教育大學教育心理與輔導學系碩士班碩士論文，未出版，屏東縣。
林枝旺（2006）。以Coleman社會資本理論探討高職學生家庭背景與學業成就關係之研究。國立嘉義大學家庭教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，嘉義縣。
林武雄（1991）。台北市國小學生健康生活型態研究。台北：師大書苑。
林金定、羅慶鰴、呂學琳、嚴嘉楓、朱明若（2005）。職場健康促進：「健康促進醫院」組織發展之初探。中華職業醫學雜誌，12(3)，125-134。
林亮雯（2004）。James S. Coleman社會資本論及其教育應用-TEPS之檢證。國立臺灣師範大學教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
林俊瑩、黃毅志（2006）。社會網絡與心理幸福感因果關聯的方向性之探討：臺東師院追蹤調查資料的貫時性分析。臺灣教育社會學研究，6(1)，1-39。
林俊瑩、黃毅志（2008）。影響臺灣地區學生學業成就可能機制：結構方程模式的探究。臺灣教育社會學研究，8(1)，45-88。
林南（2004）。教育制度與社會資本。教育研究集刊，50(4)，1-16。
林南、盧漢龍（1989）。社會指標與生活質量的結構模型探討—關於上海城市居民生活的一項研究。中國社會科學，4，75-97。
林彥伶（2006）。不同人口變項大學生之靈性安適、社會興趣及幸福感的差異比較。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
林美嫺（2007）。臺灣地區青少年危害健康行為及其相關因素研究。國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育學系碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
林崇逸（2007）。幸福與財富：幸福感影響因素之探討。世新大學財務金融學研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
林淑芬（2007）。高中生生活壓力、社會支持與幸福感之相關研究。國立嘉義大學國民教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，嘉義縣。
林惠雅、林麗玲（2008）。青年知覺之家人關係型態與幸福感。本土心理學研究，30，199-242。
林慧敏、黃毅志（2009）。原漢族群、補習教育與學業成績關聯之研究—以臺東地區國中二年級生為例。當代教育研究，17(3)，41-81。
邱淑清（2009）。國小高年級學童家庭休閒活動參與與幸福感之相關研究。國立高雄師範大學教育學系碩士論文，未出版，高雄市。
邱富琇（2003）。兒童之親子溝通、壓力因應方式與其幸福感之相關研究。國立高雄師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文，未出版，高雄市。
邱皓政（2003）。結構方程模式：LISREL的理論技術與應用。台北市：雙葉書廊。
金繼春（2002）。青少年的生理健康問題。護理雜誌，49(3)，11-15。
姜逸群（2007）。學校衛生行政與青少年健康之研究。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究報告。國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育學系。台北市。
姚佛（2006）。再論社會資本。西華大學學報哲學社會學版，25(4)，85-88。
施建彬（1995）。幸福感來源與相關因素之探討。高雄醫學院行為科學研究所碩士論文，未出版，高雄市。
施建彬、陸洛譯（1997）。幸福心理學（譯自M. Argyle（1987）原著，”The Psychology of Happiness”）。台北：巨流。
胡益進（1993）。臺灣地區醫療保健團體有關人員推行健康促進計劃之認知、態度及需求研究。國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
苗元江（2007）。幸福感概念模型的演化。贛南師範學校學報，2007(4)，42-46。
唐維澤（2008）。大學生健康促進生活型態相關因素之探討。亞洲大學健康暨醫務管理學系碩士論文，未出版，南投縣。
夏雨人（1997）。人生哲學。台北：三民書局。
徐珮旂（2009）。國中生父母教養態度、友誼品質與幸福感之研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系碩士在職專班碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
徐嫚淳（2007）。國中生生活壓力,自尊與其幸福感之相關研究:以復原力的觀點探討。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商學系碩士論文，未出版，彰化縣。
徐嘉慧（2008）。家庭社會資本、文化資本對英語學習成就影響之研究。臺北市立教育大學社會科教育學系碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
翁月仙（2010）。國中學生個人、家庭及學校生活與幸福感關係之研究。國立台北大學統計學系碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
高相如（2006）。台北市高職學生控握信念、社會支持與幸福感相關性之研究。國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育學系碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
孫清山、黃毅志（1996）。補習教育、文化資本與教育取得。臺灣社會集刊，19，95-139。
常桂秋、胥占忠、葛小伍（2008）。江蘇省城市青少年飲食行為及其影響因素分析。中國學校衛生，29(8)，730-731。
張文宏、欒博（2007）。社會結構下取向下的社會資本研究--概念、測量與功能。社會，27(2)，52-71。
張伶嘉（2009）。原住民國中生自尊、健康促進生活型態與危害健康行為之研究--以北台灣山地鄉為例。國立臺北教育大學生命教育與健康促進研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
張其鈺（2002）。社會資本與家庭結構對健康及醫療資訊利用之影響—台灣地區老人之實證研究。國立中央大學產業經濟研究所碩士論文，未出版，桃園縣。
張芳全（2006）。社經地位、文化資本與教育期望對學業成就影響之結構方程模式檢定。測驗學刊，53(2)，261-296。
張培新（2005）。臺灣宗教性非營利組織運作的社會資本考察--以慈濟功德會為例。國立臺灣師範大學公民教育與活動領導學系碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
張淑玲（2006）。臺灣地區個人社經地位與健康行為、自評健康之研究。國立台北大學社會學系碩士在職專班碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
張朝琴（2008）。貧窮與健康—社經地位與原住民族健康問題探析。國立嘉義大學通識學報，6，461-486。
張華葆（1987）。社會階層。台北：三民書局。
張楓明（2007）。親子、師生及同儕關係對國中生初次暴力行為發生之影響。中等教育，58(5)，74-90。
張肇松（2006）。社會資本與身心健康關係之研究─以南台灣原住民為例。國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所博士論文，未出版，高雄市。
梁忠軒（2001）。國中生之幸福感研究。國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育學系碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
梁琬晴（2009）。親子衝突、家庭支持與青少年幸福感關係。國立臺灣師範大學人類發展與家庭學系碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
梁憶萍（2007）。影響國中學生上學意願之學校因素探討。大葉大學教育專業發展研究所碩士論文，未出版，彰化縣。
莊易達（2008）。佛光大學學生幸福感、死亡態度、生命意義感及其相關因素之研究。國立臺灣師範大學健康促進與衛生教育學系碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
許士軍（1988）。管理學。台北：東華書局。
許惠玉（2003）。台北市兒童體位、飲食行為與家長營養知識、行為及飲食教養之關係。臺北醫學大學保健營養學系碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
郭丁熒、許竣維（2004）。不同社經背景小學生的數學科學業成就、文化資本、經濟暨財務資本、及社會資本關係之差異。教育學誌，17，77-119。
陳正昌、程炳林（1998）。SPSS、SAS、BMDP統計軟體在多變量統計上的應用（二版）。台北：五南。
陳正昌、程炳林、陳新豐、劉子鍵（2005）。多變量分析方法—統計軟體應用。台北：五南。
陳美燕（2008）。健康促進與人生。台北：啟英。
陳恆鈞（2003）。士氣激勵之研究：社會資本觀點。人事月刊，219，20-32。
陳政友（2001）。臺灣地區高中（職）與大專學生健康生活型態與相關因素研究。學校衛生，38，1-31。
陳昭伶（2004）。基隆地區高中（職）學生健康促進生活型態及相關因素探討。國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育學系碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
陳柳欽（2007）。社會資本及其主要理論研究觀點宗數。東方論壇，2007(3)，84-91+121。
陳美娟（2009）。國中學生健康促進生活型態與基本學力測驗成績之研究--以台南縣國中為例。國立臺灣師範大學健康促進與衛生教育學系在職進修碩士班碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
陳美燕、周傳姜（2008）。論護理在提升臺灣競爭力之角色與影響力--以健康促進為例。護理雜誌，55(5)，5-11。
陳香利（2006）。國小學童的家庭結構、依附風格與幸福感之相關研究。國立高雄師範大學教育學系碩士論文，未出版，高雄市。
陳建志（1998）。族群與家庭背景對學業成就的影響模式—以臺東縣關山區為例。教育與心理研究，21，85-106。
陳素芬、黃松元（2005）。臺北縣林口鄉國小高年級學生健康生活型態之研究。學校衛生，47，1-24。
陳素芬、鄭惠美、照屋博行、李詩鎮（2004）。日本與台灣小學生生活習慣、生活態度、生活狀況的比較研究。學校衛生，45，1-15。
陳清美（2007）。高中職學生家庭氣氛與幸福感之關係研究。國立高雄師範大學教育學系碩士論文，未出版，高雄市。
陳鈞屏（2008）。台南縣國中生完美主義類型、學業表現與幸福感之相關研究。高雄師範大學輔導與諮商研究所碩士論文，未出版，高雄市。
陳順利（2001）。原漢青少年飲酒行為與學業成就之追蹤調查以台東關山地區為例。教育與心理研究，24(上)，67-98。
陳鈺萍（2004）。國小教師的幸福感及其相關因素之研究。國立屏東師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文。全國博碩論文資訊網，092NPTTC576003。
陳福士（2005）。中老年人的飲食型態對生活習慣病的影響預防。長期照護雜誌，9(1)，32-38。
陳慧姿（2007）。高中教師靈性健康與幸福感之相關研究—以高雄地區為例。國立高雄師範大學教育學系碩士論文，未出版，高雄市。全國博碩論文資訊網，095NKNU05332020。
陳麗娟（1983）。家庭社經地位、排形、家庭大小與國中生職業成熟的關係。教育學院學報，8，93-112。
陸洛（1998）。中國人幸福感之內涵、測量及相關因素探討。國家科學委員會研究彙刊：人文及社會科學，8(1)，115-137。
陸洛（2005）。追求幸福--主觀幸福感的文化心理學研究。中華心理學刊，47(2)，99-112。
陸洛、高旭繁、陳芬憶（2006）。傳統性、現代性、孝道觀念及其對幸福感的影響—一項對親子對偶設計。本土心理學研究，25，243-278。
陸洛、翁克成（2007）。師生的傳統性與現代性、關係的契合性對師生互動品質及學生心理福祉影響之初探研究。本土心理學研究，27，81-118。
陸洛、黃茂丁、高旭繁（2005）。工作與家庭的雙向衝突：前因、後果及調節變項之探討。應用心理研究，27，133-166。
曾文志（2006）。開創美好的生活--正向心理學的基本課題。師友月刊，466，54-61。
曾文志（2007）。大學生對美好生活的常識概念與主觀幸福感之研究。教育心理學報，38(4)，417-441。
曾貝露（2000）。青少年宗教態度、價值導向與幸福感觀係之研究。國立高雄師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文，未出版，高雄市。
曾建興（2008）。高職學生運動行為與健康促進生活型態之研究。成大體育學刊，40(3/4)，65-81。
曾敏傑（2005）。社會階級與健康不平等的因徑探索。社會政策與社會工作學刊，9(1)，25-76。
馮麗君（2008）。國中生生活壓力、正向壓力因應策略與幸福感之關聯性研究。成功大學教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，台南市。
黃文魁（1999）。花蓮縣林鄉與台北市北投區國三學生及老年人健康品質與其相關社會因子的研究。國防醫學院公共衛生研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
黃芳銘（2004）。社會科學方法學：結構方程模式。台北：五南。
黃芳銘（2007）。結構方程模式：理論與應用（第五版）。台北：五南。
黃芳銘、許福生、楊金寶（2005）。在學青少年生活痛苦指標發展之研究。師大學報：教育類，50(2)，97-119。
黃春太、姜逸群、黃雅文、胡益進（2007）。國中生的社會資本與健康促進生活型態之研究。健康促進與衛生教育學報，28，105-126。
黃春太、姜逸群、黃雅文、胡益進（2008）。臺南縣國中生社會資本與幸福感之相關研究。健康促進與衛生教育學報，29，27-50。
黃淑貞（1994）。影響師大學生健康習慣之社會心理因素研究。國科會專題計畫研究報告。國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育學系。台北市。
黃雅文、姜逸群（2005）。健康促進與健康行為。國民教育，45(5)，18-24。
黃資惠（2002）。國小兒童幸福感之研究。國立臺南師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，台南市。
黃慧菁（2008）。國中小學生健康行為自我效能和健康促進生活型態之相關研究。國立新竹教育大學教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，新竹市。
黃毅志（1996）。臺灣地區民眾地位取得之因果機制：共變數結構分析。東吳社會學報，5，213-248。
黃毅志（2003）。「臺灣地區新職業聲望與社經地位量表」建構與評估：社會科學與教育社會學研究本土化。教育研究集刊，49(4)，1-31。
黃毅志（2005）。教育研究中的「職業調查封閉式問卷」之信效度分析。教育研究集刊，51(4)，43-71。
黃毅志、陳俊瑋（2008）。學科補習、成績表現與升學結果—以學測成績與上公立大學為例。教育研究集刊，54(1)，117-149。
黃瀗瑱（2007）。國小學童父母教養方式、學習壓力與幸福感之關係研究。高雄師範大學教育學系碩士論文，未出版，高雄市。
黃寶園（2004）。結合統合分析與結構方程模式之理論驗證：以壓力調節反應模式之建立與驗證為例。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系博士論文，未出版，臺北。
黃韞臻、林淑惠（2008）。大學生幸福感之組成與比較。國立台中技術學院學報，9(2)，19-31。
楊志清（2002）。可攜式個人健康管理系統之研究。大葉大學工業工程研究所碩士論文，未出版，彰化縣。
楊宜音、張學志、王丹宇、王登峰、王輝、后華杰、何威、侯積良、陳淑娟、彭泗清、楊中方、劉萃俠譯（1997）。性格與社會心理測量總覽。（譯自J. P. Robinson, P. R. Shaver, L. S. Wrightsman主編， ”Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes”）台北市：遠流出版社。
楊國樞（1980）。生活素質的心理學觀。中華心理學刊，22，11-24。
楊瑞珍、蘇秀娟、黃秀麗（2001）。台北市不同學制學生健康促進生活方式之初步探討。醫護科技學刊，3(1)，1-18。
溫毓麒（1993）。淺析青少年次級文化。臺灣教育，511，25-27。
葉至誠（1997）。社會學。台北：揚智文化事業。
詹宜娟（2005）。童年社經地位、成人社經地位與自覺健康的關係。國立臺灣大學衛生政策與管理研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
鄒浮安（1994）。家庭社經地位與學業成就之關係：後設分析。教育研究資訊，2(3)，38-47。
趙中平（2008）。社經地位、教養方式與青少年道德發展之相關研究。國立成功大學教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，台南市。
劉照金、沈裕盛（2002）。學生體育態度的發展與邊緣化之探討。大專體育，63，88-96。
蔡必焜（2006）。社會資本、休閒參與與健康關係之研究。國立台灣大學農業推廣研究所博士論文，未出版，台北市。
鄭健雄（2008）。城鄉居民休閒生活型態與其健康關係之研究。運動與遊憩研究，2(3)，65-77。
鄭惠玲、江東亮（2002）。台灣的社會資本與自評健康。台灣公共衛生雜誌，21(4)，289-295。
鄭燿男、陳怡靖（2000）。台灣地區家庭背景對就讀公/私立學校與受教育年數的影響：並檢證文化資本論財物資本論社會資本論之適用性。國民教育研究學報，6，103-140。
鄧方譯（1998）。社會理論的基礎。（譯自J. S. Colemanm原著，” Foundations of social theory”）。台北：五南。
燕繼榮（2006）。資本理論的演進與社會資本研究的意義。學海，2006(4)，54-68。
蕭雅云（2003）。高中生生涯成熟與幸福感之相關研究—以高雄地區為例。國立高雄師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文。全國博碩論文資訊網，091NKNU0464020。
賴玫娟（2006）。運用PRECEDE模式分析老人生活滿意度之多重因素結構。國立台北護理學院醫護教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
賴貞嬌（2006）。台北市國民小學教師健康促進生活型態與幸福感之關係研究。國立臺北教育大學生命教育與健康促進研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
賴香如（2008）。各國健康促進學校計劃之特色與啟示。學校衛生，52，107-115。
謝亞恆、謝易庭（2009）。社會網絡、重視身材與心理幸福因果模型之建構與檢證：以臺灣地區大學生為例。教育與社會研究，19，83-110。
謝青儒（2002）。父母參與與子女性別角色概念、性格特質、幸福感及學業成就之相關研究。國立屏東師範學院教育心理輔導研究所碩士論文。全國博碩論文資訊網，090NPTTC328017。
簡介瑞（2003）。某國小學童對父母飲食教養方式的認知和同儕團體的認同與飲食行為之相關研究。國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育學系碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
顏映馨（1999）。大學生的生活風格、人際親密和幸福感關係之研究。國立高雄師範大學教育學系碩士論文，未出版，高雄市。
魏米秀、呂昌明（2005）。「健康促進生活型態」中文簡式量表之發展研究。衛生教育學報，24，25-45。
羅沁芳（2003）。台北市某國中學生同儕支持與健康促進生活型態之相關研究。國立臺灣師範大學衛生教育學系碩士論文，未出版，台北市。
譚康榮（2004）。誰家小孩學習成就最高？哪群學生心理最不健康？「台灣教育長期追蹤資料庫」的初步發現。中央研究院學術諮詢總會通訊，13(1)，86-91。
嚴岩、余麗君、陳紹波、趙景柱、白永亮（2005）。可持續發展的資本內涵及其關係分析。科技進步與對策，2005(12)，27-29。

二、英文部分
Adler, N. E., & Ostrove, J. M. (1999). Socioeconomic status and health: What we don’t know. In N. E. Adler, M. G. Marmot, B. S. McEwen, & J. Stewart (Eds.). Annals of the New York Academy Sciences, Vol. 896: Socioeconomic status and health in industrial nations: social, psychological, and biological pathways (pp. 3-15). New York: The New York Academy of Sciences.
Almedom, A. M. (2005). Social capital and mental health: An interdisciplinary review of primary evidence. Social Science and Medicine, 61, 943-964.
Andrews, F. M., & Withey, S. B. (1976). Social indicators of well-being: America’s perception of life quality. New York: Plenum.
Aneshensel, C. S. (1992). Theory and research. Anuual Review of Sociology, 18, 15-38.
Araya, R., Dunstan, F., Playle, R., Thomas, H., Palmer, S., & Lewis, G. (2006). Perceptions of social capital and the built environment and mental health. Social Science and Medicine, 62(12), 3072-3083.
Argyle, M. (1987). The psychology of happiness. New York: Routedge.
Argyle, M., Martin, M., & Crossland, J. (1989). Happiness as a function of personality and social encounters. In J. P. Forgas, & J. M. Innes (Eds.), Recent advances in social psychology: An international perspective (pp. 189-203). North-Holland: Elsevier.
Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 16, 74-92.
Baum, A., Garofalo, J. P., & Yali, A. M. (1999). Socioeconomic status and chronic stress: Does stress account for SES effects on health? In N. Adler, M. Marmot, B. McEwan, & J. Stewart (Eds.), Socioeconomic Status and Health in Industrial Nations: Social, Psychological, and Biological Pathways (pp. 131-144). New York: New York Academy of Sciences.
Baum, F. E., Ziersch, A. M. (2003). Social capital. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 57, 320-323.
Belloc, N. B., & Breslow, L. (1972). Relationship of physical health status and health practice. Preventive Medicine, 1(3), 409-421.
Berkman, L. F., Glass, T., Brissette, I., & Seeman, T. E. (2000). From social integration to health: Durkheim in the new millennium. Social Science and Medicine, 51, 843-857.
Berntsson, L., Kohler, L., & Vuille, J. C. (2006). Health, economy and social capital in Nordic children and their families: a comparison between 1984 and 1996. Journal Compilation, 32(4), 441-451.
Bjornskov, C. (2003). The happy few: Cross-country evidence on social capital and life satisfaction. KYKLOS, 56(1), 3-16.
Bolin, K., Lindgren, B., Lindstrom, M., & Nystedt, P. (2003). Investments in social capital- implications of social interactions for the production of health. Social Science and Medicine, 56, 2379-2390.
Bourdieu, P. (1986).The forms of capital. In J. G. Richardson(Ed.), The haandbook of theory and research for the sociaology of education (pp.241-258). New York: Greenwood Press.
Bryant, F. B., & Veroff, J. (1982). The structure of psychological well-being: A sociohistorical analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1(1), 1-17.
Bullen, P., & Onyx, J. (1998). Measuring social capital in five communities in New South Wales. A practitioners guide. New South Wales: Centre for Australian Community Organisations and Management. Coogee, NSW: Management Alternative Pty Led.
Burke, H.M., Fernald, L.C., Gertler, P.J., & Adler, N.E. 2005. Depressive symptoms are associated with blunted cortisol stress responses in very low-income women. Psychosomatic Medicine, 67(2):211-6.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2005). Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey Questionnaire. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Chen, E. (2004). Why socioeconomic status affects the health of children: A psychosocial perspective. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13, 112-115.
Chen, M. Y., James, S. K., & Wang, E. K. (2007). Comparison of health-promoting behavior between Taiwanese and American adolescents: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Study, 44(1), 59-69.
Chen, E., Matthews, K. A., & Boyce, W. T. (2002). Socioeconomic differences in children’s health: how and why do these relationships change with age? Psychology Bullam, 128, 295-329.
Chen, E., Martin, A. D., & Matthews, K. A. (2006). Socioeconomic status and health: Do gradients differ within childhood and adolescence? Social Science and Medicine, 62, 2161-2170.
Chen, M. Y., Shiao, Y. C., & Gau, Y. M. (2007). Comparison of adolescent health-related behavior in different family structures. Journal of Nursing Research, 15, 1-10.
Chen, M. Y., Wang, E. K., Yang, R. J., & Liou, Y. M. (2003). Adolescent health promotion scale: Development and psychometric testing. Public Health Nursing, 20(2), 104-110.
Cockerham, W. C. (2000). The sociology of health behavior and health lifestyles. In C. E. Bird, P. Conrad, & A. M. Fremont(Eds). Handbool of Medical Sociology(5th) (pp159-172). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94, S95-121.
Coleman, J. S. (1990). Foundations of SocialTheory. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Conger, R. D., Conger, K. J., Elder, G. H., Lorenz, F. O., Simons, R. L., & Whitbeck, L. B. (1992). Afamily process model of economic hardship and adjustment of early adolescent boys. Child Development, 63, 526-541.
Conger, R., Ge, X., Elder, G., Lorenz, F., Simons, R. (1994). Economic stress, coercive family process, and developmental problems of adolescents. Child Development, 65, 541-561.
Couch, L. L., Adams, J. M., & Jones, W. H. (1996). The assessment of trust orientation. Journal of Personality Assessment, 67(2), 305-323.
Cubbin, C., Sundquist, K., Ahlen, H., Johansson, S. E., Winkleby, M. A., & Sundquist, J. (2006). Neighborhood deprivation and cardiovascular disease risk factors: Protective and harmful effects. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 34, 228-237.
Currie, J., & Stabile, M. (2003). Socioeconomic status and child heatlh: why is the relationship stronger for older children? The American Economic Review, 93(5), 1813-1823.
Defo, B. K. (1997). Effects of socioeconomic disadvantage and women’s status on women’s health in Cameroon. Social Science and Medicine, 44, 1023-1042.
Dever, G. E. (1976).An epidemiological model for health. Policy Social Indicators Research, 2, 453-466.
De Silva, M. J., Mckenzie, K., Huttly, S., & Harphum, T. (2005). Social capital and mental illness: A systematic review. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 59(8), 619-627.
Diamantopoulos, A., & Siguaw, J. A. (2000). Introducing LISREL: A guide for the uninitiated. Thousands Oaks, CA:Sage.
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542-575.
Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being. American Psychologist, 35(1), 34-43.
Diener, E., & Emmons, R. A. (1984). The independence of positive and negative affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 1105-1117.
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A. , Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., & Oishi, S. (2005). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and life satisfaction. In C. R. Snyder, & S. J. lopez (Eds.), Handbook of Positive Psychology (pp.63-73). New York: Oxford University Press.
Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., & Richard, E. (1999). Personality and subjective well-being: The foundations of hedonic psychology. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subject well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 276-302.
Droomers, M., Schrijvers, C. T. M., Casswell, S., & Mackembach, J. P. (2003). Occupational level of the father and predictors. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 57, 704-710.
Drukker, M., Kaplan, C., Feron, F., & van Os, J. (2003).Children’s health-realted quality of life, neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and social capital. Social Science and Medicine, 57, 825-841.
Edmondson, R. (2003). Social capital: A strategy for enhancing health? Social Science and Medicine, 57, 1723-1733.
Ellaway, A., & Macintyre, S. (2000). Social capital and self-rated health. American Journal of Public Health, 90, 988.
Emerson, E., Graham, H., & Hutton, C. (2005). Household income and health status in children and adolescents in Britain. European Journal of Public Health, 16(4), 354-360.
Engel, J. F., Kollat, D. T., & Blackwell, R. D. (1982). Consumer Behavior(4th). New York: Dryden Press.
Fazio, A. F. (1977). A concurrent validational study of the NCHS general well-being schedule. Vital and Health Statatistics-Series 2, 73, 1-53.
Ferguson, K. M. (2006). Social capital and children’s wellbeing: A critical synthesis of the international social capital literature. International Journal of Social Welfare, 15(2), 2-18.
Field, J. (2003). Social Capital. London, Routledge.
Fordyce, M. (1977). Development of a program to increase personal happiness. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 24(6), 511-521.
Furnham, A., & Cheng, H. (2000). Perceived parental behavior, self-esteem and happiness. Social Psychiatry Epidermal, 35,463-470.
Goldberg, D. & Huxley, P. (1992). Common mental illness: A bio-social model. London and New York: Tavistock.
Goodman, E., Huang, B., Schafer-Kalkhoff, T., & Adler, N. E. (2007). Perceived socioeconomic status: A new type of identity that influences adolescents’ self-rated health. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, 479-487.
Goodwin, M., & Armstrong-Esther, D. (2004). Children, social capital and health: Increasing the well-being of young people in rural Wales. Children’s Geographies, 2(1), 49-63.
Green, L. W., & Kreuter, M. W. (1999). Health promotion planning: An educational and ecological approach(3rd), Mountain view: Mayfield Publishing Company.
Griffiths, R., Horsfall, J., Moore, M., Lane, D., Krwn, V., & Langdon, R. (2007). Assessment of health, well-being and social connections: A survey of women living in Western Sydney. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 13(3), 3-13.
Gundelach, P., & Kreiner, S. (2004). Happiness and life satisfaction in advanced European countries. Cross-Cultural Research, 38(4), 359-386.
Hair, J. F. Jr., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis (5th). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Hanson, M. D., & Chen, E. (2007). Socioeconomic status and health behaviors in adolescence: A review of the literature. Journal Behavior Medicine, 30, 263-285.
Hao, L., & Johnson, R. (2000). Economic, cultural, and social origins of emotional well-being: Comparisons of immigrants and natives at midlife. Research On Aging, 22(6), 599-629.
Harpham, T., Grant, E., & Rodriguez, C. (2004). Mental health and social capital in Cali, Colombia. Social Science and Medicine, 58, 2267-2277.
Harris, D. M. & Guten, S. (1979). Health-protective behavior: An exploratory study. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 20(3), 17-29.
Hass, S. A. (2006).Health selection and the process of social stratification: The effect of childhood health on socioeconomic attainment. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 47, 339-354.
Hasselberg, M., & LaFlamme, L. (2005). The social patterning of injury repetitions among young car drivers in Sweden. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 37, 163-168.
Helliwell, J. F. (2003). Well-being and social capital: Does suicide pode a puzzles? Presented at the Conference on Well-being and Social Capital, Harvard 7-9 November 2003. Available from: http://www.wcfia. Harvard.edu/conferences/socialcapital/happinessw%20Readings/helliwell_2003.pdf].
Helliwell, J. F., & Putnam, R. D. (2004). The social context of well-being. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B Biological Sciences, 359, 1435-1446.
Hoelter, J. W. (1983). The Analysis of Covariance Structures: Goodness-of-Fit Indices. Sociological Methods and Research, 11, 325-344.
Holtgrave, D. R., & Crosby, R. A. (2003). Social capital, poverty, and income inequality as predictors of gonorrhoea, syphilis, chlamydia and AIDS case rates in the United States. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 79, 62-64.
Horvat, E.M., Weininger, E. B., & Lareau, A. (2003). From social ties to social capital: Class differences in the relations between schools and parent networks. American Educational Research Journal, 40(2), 319-350.
Huebner, E. S., Drane, W., Valois, R. F. (2000). Levels and demographic correlates of adolescent life satisfaction reports. School Psychology International, 21(3), 281-292.
Israel, G. D., Beaulieu, L. J., & Hartless, G. (2001). The influence of family and community social capital on educational achievement. Rural Sociology, 66(1), 43-68.
Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 7: A Guide to The Program and Application. Chicago: SPSS Inc.
Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39, 31-36.
Kamphuis, C. B., van Lenthe, F. J., Giskers, K., Brug, J., & Mackenbach, J. P. (2006). Perceived environmental determinants of physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption among high and olw socioeconomic groups in the Netherlands. Health Place, 13, 493-503.
Kawachi, I, & Berkman, L. F. (2000).Social cohesion, social capital, and health. In L. F. Berkman, & I. Kawachi, (Eds). Social Epidemiology, pp174-190. New York: Oxford Yniversity Press.
Kawachi, I., & Kennedy, B. P. (2002). The health of nations: Why inequality is harmful to your health. New York, NY: New Press.
Kawachi, I., Kennedy, B. P., & Glass, R. (1999). Social capital and self-rated health: A contextual analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 89(8), 1187-1193.
Kawachi, I., Kennedy, B. P., Lochner, K., & Prothrow-Stith, D. (1997). Social capital, income inequality, and mortality. American Journal of Public Health, 87(9), 1491-1498.
Kelly, S. A., Melnyk, B. M., & Jacobson, D. J., & O’Haver, J. A. (2010). Correlates among healthy lifestyle cognitive beliefs, healthy lifestyle choices, social support, and healthy behaviors in adolescents: Implications for behavioral change strategies and future research. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 22 April 2010.
Kennedy, B. P., Kawachi, I., & Prothrow-Stith, D. (1996). Income distribution and mortality: test of the Robin Hood Index in the United States. British Medical Journal, 312, 1004-1007.
Khawaja, M., Abdulrahim, S., Soweid, R. A. A., & Karam, D. (2006). Distrust, social fragmentation and adolescents’ health in the outer city: Beirut and beyond. Social Science and Medicine, 63, 1304-1315.
Kim, D., Subramanian, S. V., Gortmaker, A., & Kawachi, I. (2006). Bonding versus bridging social capital and their associations with self-rated health: A multilevel analysis of 40 US communities. Journal Epidemiology Community Health, 60(1), 16-22.
King, V., Harris, K. M., & Heard, H. E. (2004). Racial and ethnic diversity in nonresident father involvement. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66, 1-21.
Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd). New York: The Guilford Press.
Kohn, M. L. (1979). The effects of social class on parental values and practices. In D. Riss & H. A. Hoffman. (Eds), The American family: Dying or Develop? New York: Plenum Press.
Konu, A. I., Lintonen, T. P., & Autio, V. J. (2002). Evaluation of well-being in schools: A multilevel analysis of general subjective well-being. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 13, 187-200.
Koster, A., Bosma, H., van Lenthe, F. J., Kempen, G. I., Mackenbach, J. P., & van Eijk, J. T. (2005). The role of psychosocial factors in expaining socio-economic differences in mobility decline in a chronically ill population: Results from the GLOBE study. BMC Public Health, 27, 6-20.
Kotler,P., & Armstrong, G. (1994). Principles of Marketing(6th). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Kozma, A., & Stones, M. J. (1983). Predictors of happiness. Journal of Gerontology, 38(5), 626-628.
Kravdal, S. (2007). A fixed-effects multilevel analysis of how community family structure affects individual mortality in Norway. Demography, 44(3), 519-537.
Krieger, N., Williams, D., & Moss, N. E. (1997). Measuring social class in US public health research: Concepts, methodologies, and guidelines. Annual Review of Public Health, 18, 341-378.
Lalonde, M. (1974). A new perspective on the health of Canadians- A working document. Ottawa: Government of Canada.
Laftman, S. B., & Ostberg, V. (2006). The pros and cons of social relations: An analysis of adolescents’ health complaints. Social Science and Medicine, 63, 611-623.
Lin, N. (2000). Inequality in social capital. Contemporary Sociology, 29(6), 785-795.
Lin, N. (2001). Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Lindström, M. (2004). Social capital, the miniaturization of community and self-reported global and psychological health. Social Science and Medicine, 59, 595-607.
Lindstöom, M., Hanson, B. S., & Ostergren, P. O. (2001). Socioeconomic defferences in leisure-time physical activity: the role of social participation and social capital in shaping health related behaviour. Social Science and Medicine, 52, 441-451.
Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (1996). Social conditions as fundamental causes of disease. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35, 80-94.
Lopez, R. (2004). Income inequality and self-rated health in US metropolitan areas: A multi-level analysis. Social Science and Medicine, 59, 2409-2419.
Lu, L. (1995). The relationship between subjective well-being and psychosocial variables in Taiwan. The Journal of Social Psychology, 135(3), 351-357.
Lu, L. (1999). Personal and environmental causes of happiness: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of social Psychology, 139, 79-90.
Lu, L. (2000). Gender and conjugal differences in happiness. Journal of Social Psychology, 140, 132-141.
Lu, L. (2005). In pursuit of happiness: The cultural psychological study of SWB. Chinese Journal of Psychology, 47, 99-112.
Lu, L. (2006). Cultural fit: Individual and societal discrepancies in values, beliefs and SWB. Journal of Social Psychology, 146(2), 203-221.
Lu, L., & Gilmour, R. (2006). Individual-oriented and social-oriented cultural conceptions of subjective well-being: Conceptual analysis and scale development. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 9, 36-49.
Lu, L., Gilmour, R., Kao, S. F. (2001). Culture values and happiness: An East-West dialogue. Journal of Social Psychology, 141, 477-493.
Lu, L., Gilmour, R., Kao, S. F., & Huang, M. T. (2006). A cross-cultural study of work/family demands, work/family conflict, and well-being: The Taiwanese vs. British., Career Development International, 11, 9-27.
Lu, L., Gilmour, R., Kao, S. F., Wong, T. H., Hu, C. H., Chern, J. G., Huang, S. W., & Shih, J. B. (2001). Two ways to achieve happiness: When the East meets the West. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 1161-1174.
Lu, L., & Hu, C. H. (2005). Personality, leisure experiences and happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 6, 3258-342.
Lu, L., & Lin, Y. Y. (1998). Family roles and happiness in adulthood. Personality and Individual Differences, 25,195-207.
Lu, L., Robin, G., Kao, S. F., Weng, T. H., Hu, C. H., Chem, J. G., Huang, S. W.,& Shih, J. B. (2001). Two ways to achieve happiness: When the East meets the West. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 1161-1174.
Lu, L., & Shih, J. B. (1997a). Sources of happiness: A qualitative approach. The Journal of social Psychology, 137, 181-187.
Lu, L., & Shih, J. B. (1997b). Personality and happiness: Is mental health a mediator? Personality and Individual Difference, 22(2), 249-256.
Lu, L., Shih, J. B., Lin, Y. Y., & Ju, L. S. (1997). Personal and environmental correlates of happiness. Personality and Individual Differences, 23, 453-462.
Luttilhuis, O., Baur, L., Jansen, H., Shrewbury, V. A., O’Malley, C., & Stolk, R. P., et al. (2009). Interventions for treating obesity in children. Cochrane Database System Review. 2009 Jan 21. CD001872.
Lynch, J. W., Davey-Smith, G., Kaplan, G. A., & House, J. (2000). Income inequality and mortality: Importance to health of individual income, psychosocial environment, or material conditions. British Medical Journal, 320, 1200-1204.
Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefirs of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131(6), 803-855.
Macedo, P. C., Citero, V. A., Schenkman, S., Nogueira-Mmartins, M. C., Morais, M. B., Nogueira-Martins, L. A. (2009). Health-related of life predictors during medical residency in a random, stratified sample of residents. Revista Brasileira Psiquiatria, 31(2), 119-124.
Magen, Z. (1998). Exploring adolescent happiness: Commitment,purpose and fulfillment. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Marsh, H. W., Balla, J. R., & Hau, K. T. (1996). An evaluation of incremental fit indices: A clarification of mathematical and empirical processes. In G. A. Marcoulides & R. E. Schumacker (Eds.), Advanced structural equation modeling techniques (pp. 315-353). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Marmot, M., & Wilkinson, R. G. (1999). Social determinants of health. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
McCulloch, A. (2001). Social environments and health: Cross-sectional national survey. British Medicine Journal, 323, 208-209.
McGregor, L., & Little, B. R. (1998).Personal projects, happiness, and meaning: On doing well and being yourself. Journal of Personality and social Psychology, 74(2), 494-512.
McNeill, L. H., Kreuter, M. W., & Subramanian, S. V. (2006). Social environment and physical activity: A review of concepts and evidence. Social Science and Medicine, 63, 1011-1022.
Miquelon, P., & Vallerand, R. J. (2006). Goal motives, well-being, and physical health: Happiness and self-realization as psychological resources under challenge. Motivation and Emotion, 30(4), 259-272.
Mohan, J., Twigg, L., Barnard, S., & Jones, K. (2005). Social capital, geography and health: A small area analysis for Englan. Social Science and Medicine, 60(6), 1267-1283.
Molarius, A., Berglund, K., Eriksson, C., Lambe, M., Nordstom, E., Eriksson, H. G., & Feldman, I. (2006). Health inequalities: Socioeconomic conditions, lifestyle factors, and self-rates health among men and women in Sweden. European Journal of Public Health, 17(2), 125-133.
Morgan, S. L. (2001). Social capital, capital goods, and the production of learning. Journal of Socio-Economics, 29, 591-595.
Morrow, V. (1999). Conceptualising social capital in relation to the well-being of children and young people: Acritical review. The Sociological Review, 47(4), 744-765.
National Research council and Institute of Medicine. (2004). Measuring children’s health. Children’s health, the nation’s wealth: assessing and improving child health. Committee on Evaluation of Children’s Health, Board on Children, Youth and families. Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington DC: The National Academics Press.
Natvig, G. K., Albrektsen, G., & Qvarnstrǿm, U. (2003). Associations between psychosocial factors and happiness among school adolescents. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 9, 166-175.
Ng, A. K., Ho, D. Y., Wong, S. S., & Smith, I. (2003).In search of the good life: A cultural odyssey in the east and west. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 129(4), 317-363.
Noll, R. (1996). Peer relationships and emotional well -being of youngsters with sick cell disease. Child Development, 67, 423-436.v
Nyqvist, F., Finnäs, F., Jakobsson, G., & Koskinen, S. (2008). The effect of social capital on health: The case of two language groups in Finland. Health and Place, 14, 347-360.
Onhauser, M., Fernandez, G., Puschel, K., Yanez, F., Montero, J., & Thompson, B. (2005). Improving pfysical fitness and emotional well-being in adolescents of low socioeconomic status in Chile: Results of a school-based controlled trial. Health Promotion International, 20(2), 113-122.
Ostrom, E., & Ahn, T. K. (2003). Introduction. In E. Ostrom & T.K. Ahn (Eds.), Foundations of social capital, (pp. xi-xxxix). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Olvera-Ezzell, N., Power, T. G., & Cousins, J. H. (1990). Maternal socialization of children's eating habits: Strategies used by obese Mexican-American mothers. Child Development, 61(2), 395-340.
Panelli, R. (2002). Young rural lives: Strategies beyond diversity. Journal of Rural Studies, 18, 113-122.
Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (1993). Review of the satisfaction with life scale. Psychological Assessment, 5, 164-172.
Pearce, N., & Davey, S. G.. (2003). Is social capital the key to inequalities in health? American Public Health Association, 93(1), 122-129.
Pender, N. J. (1996). Health promotion in nursing practice (3nd). Norwalk, CT: Appleton and Lange.
Pender, N. J., & Barkaskas, V. H. (1992). Health promotion and disease prevention: Toward excellence in nursing practice and education. Nursing Qutlook, 40(3), 106-112.
Piko, B. F., & Fitzpatrick, K. M. (2007).Socioeconomic status, psychosocial health and health behaviours among Hungarian adolescents. European Journal of Public Health, 17(4), 353-360.
Piko, B. F. & Keresztes, N. (2007). Self-perceived health among early adolescents: role of psychosocial factors. Pediatrics International, 2007(49), 577-583.
Pollack, C. E., & Knesebeck, v. d. O. (2004). Social capital and health among the aged: Comparisons between the United States and Germany. Health and Place, 10, 383-391.
Poortinga, W. (2006). Do health behaviors mediate the association between social capital and heatlh? Preventive Medicine, 43, 488-493.
Pugliese, J., & Tinsley, B. (2007). Parental socialization of child and adolescent physical activity: A meta-analysis. Journal of Family Psychology, 21(3), 331-343.
Putnam, R. (1993a). Making democracy work: civic traditions in modern Italy. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Putnam, R. D. (1993b). The prosperous community: social capital and public life. The American Prospect, 13, 35-42.
Putnam, R. D. (1995a). Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. Hournal of Democracy, 6(1), 65-78.
Putnam, R. D. (1995b). Turning in, turning out: The strange disappearance of social capital in America. Political Science and Politics, 28, 664-683.
Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Robert, S. A., & House, J. S. (2003). Socioeconomic inequalities in health: An enduring sociological problem. In E. B.Chloe, P. Conrad, and A. M. Fremont (Eds.), Handbook of Medical Sociology, vol. 5, Pp.79-97. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Rose, R. (2000). How much does social capital add to individual health? A survey study of Russians. Social Science and Medicine, 51, 1421-1435.
Ross, C. E., & Wu, C.L. (1995). The links between education and health. American Sociological Review, 60, 719-745.
Rubio, D. M., Berg-Weger, M., & Tebb, S. S. (2001). Using structural equation modeling to test for multidimensionality. Structural Equation Modeling, 8(4), 613-626.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. I. (2001).On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 141-166.
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081.
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (1998). The contours of positive human health. Psychological Inquiry, 9(1), 1-28.
Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719-727.
Santrock, J. W. (2003). Adolescence: An introduction(9th). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Schultz, J., O’Brien, A. M., & Tadesse, B. (2008). Social capital and self-rates health: Results from the US 2006 social capital survey of one community. Social Science and Medicine, 67, 606-617.
Seligman, M. (2002). Authentic Happiness: Using The New Positive Psychology to Realize Your Potential for Lasting Fulfullment. New York: Free Press.
Seligman, M., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000).Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5-14.
Shek, T. L. (2005). Parental marital quality and well-being, parent-child relational quality, and Chinese adolescent adjustment. American Journal of Family Therapy, 28, 147-162.
Shimotsu, S. T., French, S. A., Gerlach, A. F., & Hannan, P. (2007). Worksite environment physical activity and healthy food choices: Measurement of the worksite food and physical activity environment at four metropolitan bus garages. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 4, 17.
Sirven, N. (2006).Endogenous social capital and self-rated health: cross-sectional data from rural areas of Madagascar. Social Science and Medicine, 63, 1489-1502.
Smaje, C. (2000). Race, ethnicity, and health. In C. E. Bird, P. Conrad, & A. M. Fremont (Eds.), Handbool of Medical Sociology (5th) (pp.114-128). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Sobel, M. E. (1981). Life Style and Social Structure. New York: Academic Press.
Souza, E. M., & Grundy, E. (2007). Intergenerational interaction, social capital and health: Results from a randomized controlled trial in Brazil. Social Science and Medicine, 65, 1397-1409.
Strauser, D. R., Lustig, D. C., & Ciftct, A. (2008). Psychological well-being: Its relation to work personality, vocational identity, and career thoughts. The Journal of Psychology, 142(1), 21-35.
Subramanian, S. V., Kim, D., & Kawachi, I. (2005). Covariation in the socioeconomic determinants of self rated health and happiness: A multivariate multilevel analysis of individuals and communities in the USA. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 59, 664-669.
Summerfield, L. M. (1995). National standards for school health education. ERIC Clearinghouse on Teaching and Teacher Education Washington DC. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED387483).
Tanaka, J. S. (1993). Multifaceted conception of fit in structural equation models. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp.10-39). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Taylor, S. E., & Repetti, R. L. (1997). Health psychology: What is an unhealthy environment and how does it get under the skin? Annual Review of Psychology, 48, 411-447.
Thompson, O. M., Balleew, C., Resnicow, K., Must, A., Bandini, L. G., & Cyr, H. (2004). Food purchased away from home as a predictor of change in BMI z-score among girls. Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 28(2), 282-289.
Tonkin, R. S., & Murphy, A. (2002). Knowing the constituency: Youth—their health and behaviour, In M. Hayes & L. Foster(Eds.), Too Small to See, Too Big to Ignore: Child Health and Well-being in British Columbia (pp.219-232). Vancouver: Western Geographical Press.
Tsutsumi, A., Tsutsumi, K., Kayaba, K., & Igarashi, M. (1998). Health-related behaviors, social support, and community morale. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 5(2), 166-182.
Ueno, K. (2004).The effects of friendship networks on adolescent depressive symptoms. Social science Research, 34, 484-510.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) (1979). Healthy People: The Surgeon General’s Report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. Washington, DC: Public Health Service.
Van Hoijdonk, C., Droomers, M., Deerenberg, I. M., Mackenback, J. P., & Kunst, A. E. (2008). The diversity in associations between community social capital and health per health outcome, population group and location studied. International Journal of Epidemiology, 37, 1384-1392.
Veenstra, G.. (2000). Social capital, SES and health: An individual-level analysis. Social Science and Medicine, 50, 619-629.
Veenstra, G., Luginaah, I., Wakefield, S., Birch, S., Eyles, J., & Elliott, S. (2005). Who you know, where you live: Social capital, neighborhood and health. Social Science and Medicine, 60, 2059-2071.
Villegas R., Kearney, P.M., & Perry, I.J. (2008). The cumulative effect of core lifestyle behaviours on the prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia. BMC Public Health, 8, 210.
Wadsworth, M. E. J. (1997). Changing social factors and their long-term implications for health. British Medical Bulletin, 53(1), 198-209.
Walker, S. N., Sechrist, S. N., & Pender, N. J. (1987). The health-promotion lifestyle profile: Development and psychometric characteristics. Nurse Researcher, 36, 76-81.
Warren, J. R., & Hernandez, E. M. (2007). Did socioeconomic inequalities in morbidity and mortality change in the United States over the course of the Twentieth Century? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 48, 335-351.
Waterman, A. S. (1993).Two conceptions of happiness: Contrasts of personal expressiveness (eudaimonia) and hedonic enjoyment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 678-691.
Wentzel, K. R., & Asher, S. R. (1995). The academic lives of neglected, rejected, popular, and controversial children. Child Development, 66, 754–763.
World Health Organization (1958). The first ten years of the World Health Organization. Geneva: WHO.
World Health Organization (1994). A user’s guide to the self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ). Geneva: World Health Organisation.
World Health Organization (1996). School Health Promotion Series 5: Regional Guidelines: Development of Health Promoting Schools: A Framework for Action. Manila: WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific.
World Health Organization (1997-1998). Health Behavior in School-Aged Children(HBSC). A Who Cross-National Survey. Resarch Center for Health Promotion, Bergen, Report no.4.
World Health Organization (1998). Health Promotion Glossary. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
World Health Organization (2004). Prevalence, severity, and unmet need for treatment of mental disorders in the World Health Organisation World Mental Health Surveys. Journal of the American Medical Association, 291(21), 2581-2590.
World Health Organization (2005). WHO definition of Health. Retrieved December 25, 2006, from http:/www.who.int/about/definition/en/.
Wiley, J. A., & Camacho, T. C. (1980). Lifestyle and future health: Evidence form the Alamda County studey. Preventive Medicine, 9, 1-21.
Wilkinson, R. G. (1996). Unhealthy societies: The afflictions of inequality. London, England: Routledge.
Wilson, W. (1967). Correlates of avowed happiness. Psychological Bulletin, 67,294-306.
Wollebaek, D., & Selle, P. (2002). Does participation in voluntary associations contribute to social capital? The impact of intensity, scope, and type. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 31(1), 32-61.
Woodhill, B. M., & Samuels, C. A. (2003). Positive and negative androgyny and their relationship with psychological health and well-being. Sex Roles, 48, 555-565.
Xie, Q., Seefeldt, C., & Tam, H. P. (1996). Parenting style and only children’s school achievement in China. Paper presented at annual conference of the American Education Research Association, New York. (ERIC: No.ED396819).
Yang, R. J., Wang, E. K., Hsieh, Y. S., & Chen, M. Y. (2006).Irregular breakfast eating and health status among adolescents in Taiwan. BMC Public Health, 6, 295.
Yip, W., Subramanian, S. V., Mitchell, A. D., Lee, D. T. S., Wang, J., & Kawachi, I. (2007). Does social capital enhance health and well-being? Evidence from rural China. Social Science and Medicine, 64, 35-49.
Yvette, M. A. A. (2002). Social capital, civic engagement and the importance of context. In McLean, Schultz and Steger (Eds.), Social Capital: Critical Perspectives on Community and “Bowling Alone”. New York: Columbia University Press.
Ziersch, A. M., Baum, F. E., MacDougall, C., & Putland, C. (2005). Neighbourhood life and social capital: the implications for health. Social Science and Medicine, 60, 71-86.
Zunzunegui, M, V., Kone, A., Johri, M., Beland, F., Wolfson, C., & Bergman, H.(2004). Social networks and self-rated health in two French-speaking Canadian community dwelling populations over 65. Social Science and Medicine, 58, 2069-2081.