隨著時代變遷，圖書館利用教育必須轉變為以讀者為中心之規劃模式，本研究探究醫護人員所需要的圖書館利用教育模式，藉由分析醫護人員資訊需求與資訊尋求行為的課程需求，進而規劃並實施醫院圖書館利用教育課程，期望瞭解研究所發展之課程需求分析工具，是否適合做為規劃實施圖書館利用教育的有效方式，並瞭解課程成效與被接受的情況，以得知由此符合讀者所需的圖書館利用教育模式是否可用。本研究以彰化基督教醫院為探討個案，首先透過文獻探討蒐集資料，藉以設計結合醫護人員資訊需求、資訊尋求行為之課程需求問卷；再以此問卷實施結果作為基礎，設計規劃圖書館利用教育課程；實施課程後，利用課程滿意度調查問卷及課程參與者自我評量表等二項評估工具，進行課程實施成效評鑑。研究發現與結論如下：
彰基醫護人員的資訊需求與資訊尋求行為方面－
研究發現：(1)吸收新知與解決臨床問題、病患照護為醫師及護理人員最主要之資訊需求原因；(2)醫師資訊需求內容主要為臨床診斷治療及醫學發展之資訊，護理人員則主要為臨床照護資訊及醫護知識；(3)利用電子資源已是醫師與護理人員尋找資訊的優先選擇，期刊仍是二者最常利用的資源類型；(4)缺乏時間、全文資料不易取得及不熟悉資料庫之內容特色與查詢方式是醫師與護理人員共同的資訊尋求障礙。
圖書館利用教育之設計規劃方面－
研究發現：(1)根據課程需求問卷結果，可歸納訂出課程三大教學目標－協助成為更有效率的自我學習者、促進圖書館資源與服務的有效利用、增進資訊搜尋技巧；(2)四大課程設計原則－針對需求、具實用性、能實地操作、有互動性及參與性；(3)運用BOPPPS模式讓課程規劃與實施更有系統與效率。
圖書館利用教育之實施成效方面－
研究發現：(1)課程滿意度調查問卷結果顯示各課程獲得課程參與者普遍之認同；(2)課程參與者自我評量表之分析結果則顯示各課程有助於其在相關概念或實際應用之瞭解，學習成效並有達到統計上的顯著性差異。
本研究結果顯現利用教育課程規劃有達到顯著效果，課程規劃乃依循需求分析結果。因此，可獲知以讀者為中心之圖書館利用教育課程規劃模式值得採用與推廣。

User-centered library instruction has been a concern for information literacy education in librarian. The study explored library instruction model that medical professionals require, to plan and implement library instruction of hospitals and to understand its efficacy and status of acceptance by combining the course requirement of medical professionals’information needs and information behavior; understanding whether the developed course needs analysis tool can be regarded as effective way for the implementation and planning of library instruction. The study has regarded Changhua Christian Hospital as a case study, to firstly proceed literature review and data collection to design a questionnaire for the course requirements with the medical professionals’information needs and information behavior, with the outcomes derived from the questionnaire as a basis to design and plan for library instruction course; using course satisfaction survey and various self-evaluation questionnaires as two measurement tools to conduct assessment on the efficacy of course implementation after the courses are executed, the findings and summaries derived from the study are listed as below :
The aspects of information needs and information behavior of medical professionals in the Changhua Christian Hospital－
Study found that: New information acquiring, clinical issue solving and patient care are the main reasons of information needs, and information contents mainly about clinical diagnosis, treatment and medical development for physicians, while nurses are mainly about clinical care information and medical nursing know-how. Electronic resources has been the first priority for physicians and nurses in look for information, and periodical is still the most commonly used types of resources by them. Lack of time, inaccessibility of full texts and unfamiliarity of the contents and access features of databases are common obstacles to physicians and nurses while looking for information.
The aspects of design and planning of library instruction－
Study found that: 3 major teaching objectives were summarized upon the outcome of course needs questionnaire – help become efficient self-learner, facilitate the effective use of library resources and services, advance information searching skill; and 4 major course design principles – targeting needs, practical, field operation, interaction and participation; with BOPPPS model introduced to make the course planning and execution in a more systematic and efficient way.
The aspects of implementation effect of library instruction－
Study found that: Course satisfaction survey indicated that courses gained universal recognition of participated trainees; the analytical outcomes of trainees’ self-evaluation questionnaires showed that there is significant difference on various courses that help trainees understand related concepts and real applications.
The study results showed the design and planning of library instruction depended on the analysis of needs is efficient. Based on the present results we make the following conclusion that this design and planning model of library instruction in user-centered is worth introducing.

中文部分
S. E. Straus等原著，陳杰峰、王慈蜂編譯（2007）。實證醫學：臨床實踐與教學指引（初版）。臺北市：合記。
于第（2001）。技術學院圖書館利用教育之現況調查研究。圖書與資訊學刊，38， 69-87。
王美鴻（1995）。網路資源利用指導。中國圖書館學會八十四年圖書館資訊服務專題研習班研習手冊（頁77-81）。
王振鵠（1996）。泛論圖書館利用教育。高中圖書館，14，9-11。
吳宗立（2002）。教師行動研究的實踐。國教天地，149，46-54。
吳明德（1985）。大學圖書館利用指導的設計:界定問題､訂定目標､評鑑。國立中央圖書館館刊，18（1），59-69。
吳瑠璃（1984）。從圖書館利用指導談參考服務的教育功能。社教系刊，13， 57-60。
吳耀庭（2007）。中華電信基層從業人員資訊需求之研究。玄奘大學資訊傳播研究所碩士論文。
呂春嬌（1994）。圖書館利用教育的理論與實務--國立臺北師院圖書館利用教育現況。書苑，22，7-14。
李宜敏（1997）。護生資訊尋求行為及圖書館利用之研究:以國立台北護理學院護理系護生為例。淡江大學教育資料科學學系研究所碩士論文。
林麗娟（2005）。數位學習與圖書館之投入。臺北市立圖書館館訊，22（4），1-11。
邱文達、陳杰峰主編（2004）。實證醫學: 臨床流行病學方法之應用。臺北市：北市萬芳醫院。
邵婉卿（1991）。大學圖書館利用教育之設計與評鑑。書苑，11，11-31。
侯海珠（2002）。高雄榮民總醫院醫師資訊需求與資訊尋求行為之探討。國立中興大學圖書資訊學研究所碩士論文。
姜又梅（2003）。遠距教學在圖書館服務的應用：以臺北市立圖書館為例。圖書館學與資訊科學，29（1），74-86。
范豪英（1991）。大學圖書館讀者利用教育現況調查研究。中國圖書館學會會報， 48，57-64。
張世平、胡夢鯨（1988）。行動研究。載於賈馥茗、楊深坑主編，教育研究法的探討與應用（頁103-139）。台北：師大書苑。
張慧雯、柯皓仁（2005）。應用快速數位學習於圖書館資訊利用課程。臺北市立圖書館館訊，22（4），22-30。
張慧雯（2005）。運用Rapid E-Learning與ADDIE模式於圖書館利用教育教材開發。國立交通大學電機資訊學院碩士在職專班碩士論文。
張慧瑾（2006）。實證醫學教育與文獻搜尋焦慮、圖書館焦慮、統計焦慮、寫作焦慮之 關聯性探討。臺灣大學圖書資訊學研究所碩士論文。
張慶南、林明珍、曾秋鑾、呂春美、鄔彩香、溫滿美（2007）。護理人員對健康照護資訊的尋求及其相關因素之探討。志為護理:慈濟護理人文與科學，6（4），80-90。
許壁珍（1990）。圖書館推廣業務概論。臺北市：臺灣學生。
許麗娟（1997）。國立臺灣大學醫學院暨附設醫院教師及醫生之資訊需求及資訊尋求行為的比較研究。國立台灣大學圖書資訊學系碩士論文。
陳郁香（2008）。臺北市國民小學圖書館利用教育課程規劃之研究。臺北市立教育大學課程與教學研究所課程與教學碩士學位班碩士論文。
陳雪華（1998）。我國大學圖書資訊學系網路資源相關課程之研究。大學圖書館，2（4），96-110。
曾彩娥（2005）。國家圖書館遠距教學系統之研究：以圖書資訊學課程為例。中華民國圖書館學會會報，75，195-211。
黃政傑（2001）。課程行動研究的問題與展望。載於中華民國課程與教學學會（主編），行動研究與課程教學創新。台北：揚智。
黃富順（1989）。成人心理與學習（初版）。台北市：師大書苑。
黃慕萱（2001）。成人讀者之資訊尋求行為。台北市立圖書館館訊，19（2），9-19。
葉乃嘉（2006）。行動研究法：研究方法的第一本書（二版，頁260）。臺北市： 五南圖書。
董小菁（1994）。國立臺灣大學文學院圖書分館利用指導之規劃:教學設計理論之應用。國立臺灣大學圖書館學系碩士論文。
董小菁（1995）。大學圖書館利用指導之規劃-以國立臺灣大學文學院圖書分館為例。台北市：漢美。
葉慶玲（2000a）。護理人員資訊尋求行為研究。大學圖書館，4（2），93-114。
葉慶玲（2000b）。醫師資訊需求研究。國立中央圖書館臺灣分館館刊，6（4），18-27。
劉美慧、林信成（2001）。從資訊需求談大學圖書館讀者利用教育。臺北市立圖書館館訊，19（2），20-41。
鄭增財（2006）。行動研究原理與實務（初版，頁240）。台北市：五南。
鄭麗美（2004）。從醫師資訊需求的觀點來進行圖書館網站服務功能之研究—以中國醫藥大學附設醫院圖書館為例。臺中健康暨管理學院資訊工程學系碩士班碩士論文。
鄭麗敏（1998）。圖書館及網路資源利用指導的規劃與實施--以淡江大學圖書館為例。書苑，35，12-26。
盧秀婷、卓玉聰、張文玲、彭慧珍（2003）。區域及地區醫院醫師資訊需求與資訊行為之探討：以HINT使用者為例。中國圖書館學會會報，71，109-124。
盧秀婷（2002）。問題導向學習與醫學生資訊素養之探討。輔仁大學圖書資訊學系碩士論文。
謝焰盛（1994）。從資訊需求與使用研究之多重典範衝突談讀者需求導向對圖書館的影響。圖書與資訊學刊，10，38-44。
鍾雪珍（2002）。資訊利用教育之規劃與檢討--以國家圖書館電子資源利用課程為例。國家圖書館館訊，91（3），14-19。
羅思嘉（2005）。讀者對參考服務滿意度影響因素之初探。國立成功大學圖書館館刊，14，70-78。
蘇慧捷（1999）。大學圖書館利用指導評鑑之研究。大學圖書館，3（4），71-86。
蘇諼（1995）。讀者研究的趨勢。中國圖書館學會會報，55，51-55。
蘇諼（1997）。臺灣地區臨床醫師的資訊需求與資訊需求模式研究。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計劃成果報告（報告編號：NSC86-2415-H-030-004）。
蘇諼（2004）。從實證醫學的發展談醫學圖書館的角色。圖書資訊學刊，2（1）， 63-72。
蘇諼（2006）。醫療專業人員的資訊行為。圖書館學與資訊科學，32（2），32-41。

英文部分
Anderson, R. P., & Wilson, S. P. (2009). Quantifying the effectiveness of interactive tutorials in medical library instruction. Medical Reference Services Quarterly, 28(1), 10-21.
Association College & Research Libraries, ACRL. (2003). Guidelines for instruction programs in academic libraries. Retrieved June 6, 2009, 2009, from http://www.ala.org/ala/mgrps/divs/acrl/standards/guidelinesinstruction.cfm
Beck, S. E., & Turner, N. B. (2001). On the fly BI: Reaching and teaching from the reference desk. In C. Hales-Mabry (Ed.), Doing the work of reference: Practical tips for excelling as a reference librarian (pp. 83). Binghamton, NY: Haworth Information Press.
Blythe, J., & Royle, J. A. (1993). Assessing nurses' information needs in the work environment. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, 81(4), 433-435.
Bowden, V. M., Kromer, M. E., & Tobia, R. C. (1994). Assessment of physicians' information needs in five texas counties. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, 82(2), 189-196.
Brettle, A. (2003). Information skills training: A systematic review of the literature. Health Information and Libraries Journal, 20(Supplement 1), 3-9.
Brettle, A., Hulme, C., & Ormandy, P. (2007). Effectiveness of information skills training and mediated searching: Qualitative results from the EMPIRIC project. Health Information and Libraries Journal, 24(1), 24-33.
Buckeridge, D. L., & Goel, V. (2002). Medical informatics in an undergraduate curriculum: A qualitative study. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak, 2, 6.
Burnham, J. F., Li, J., Robertson, J. C., Runderson, R. A., Staggs, G. B., & Williams, T. L. (2005). Delivering distance training to rural health care professionals. Medical Reference Services Quarterly, 24(1), 41-53.
Byström, K., & Järvelin, K. (1995). Task complexity affects information seeking and use. Information Processing and Management, 31(2), 191-213.
Chambliss, M. L., & Conley, J. (1996). Answering clinical questions. The Journal of Family Practice, 43(2), 140-144.
Chen, C. C. (1982). Information seeking: Assessing and anticipating user needs. New York: Neal Schuman.
Chen, E. S., Mendonca, E. A., McKnight, L. K., Stetson, P. D., Lei, J., & Cimino, J. J. (2004). PalmCIS: A wireless handheld application for satisfying clinician information needs. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA, 11(1), 19-28.
Cheng, G. Y., & Lam, L. M. (1996). Information-seeking behavior of health professionals in hong kong: A survey of thirty-seven hospitals. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, 84(1), 32-40.
Cogdill, K. W. (2003). Information needs and information seeking in primary care: A study of nurse practitioners. Journal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA, 91(2), 203-215.
Connelly, D. P., Rich, E. C., Curley, S. P., & Kelly, J. T. (1990). Knowledge resource preferences of family physicians. The Journal of Family Practice, 30(3), 353-359.
Corcoran-Perry, S., & Graves, J. (1990). Supplemental-information-seeking behavior of cardiovascular nurses. Research in Nursing & Health, 13(2), 119-127.
Covell, D. G., Uman, G. C., & Manning, P. R. (1985). Information needs in office practice: Are they being met? Annals of Internal Medicine, 103(4), 596-599.
Cudiner, S., & Harmon, O. (2001). Comparing the effectiveness of different presentation formats for workshops on introductory library skills. Research Strategies, 18(1), 49-61.
Cullen, R. J. (2002). In search of evidence: Family practitioners' use of the internet for clinical information. Journal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA, 90(4), 370-379.
Curtis, K. L., & Weller, A. C. (1993). Information-seeking behavior: A survey of health sciences faculty use of indexes and databases. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, 81(4), 383-392.
Curtis, K. L., Weller, A. C., & Hurd, J. M. (1997). Information-seeking behavior of health sciences faculty: The impact of new information technologies. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, 85(4), 402-410.
Dee, C., & Blazek, R. (1993). Information needs of the rural physician: A descriptive study. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, 81(3), 259-264.
Dee, C., & Stanley, E. E. (2005). Information-seeking behavior of nursing students and clinical nurses: Implications for health sciences librarians. Journal of the Medical Library Association ( JMLA ), 93(2), 213-222.
Dorsey, M. J., & Detlefsen, E. (2005). Investigating information-seeking behaviors of primary care physicians who care for older depressed patients and their family caregivers: A pilot study. Journal of the Canadian Health Libraries Association, 26(4), 111-116.
Earl, M. F., & Neutens, J. A. (1999). Evidence-based medicine training for residents and students at a teaching hospital: The library's role in turning evidence into action. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, 87(2), 211-214.
Eldredge, J. D., & Carr, R. D. (2007). Public health informatics training in new mexico. Journal of the Medical Library Association (JMLA), 95(3), 343-346.
Erickson, S., & Warner, E. R. (1998). The impact of an individual tutorial session on MEDLINE use among obstetrics and gynaecology residents in an academic training programme: A randomized trial. Medical Education, 32(3), 269-273.
Faraino, R. L. (1998). Teaching medical informatics a la carte: A curriculum for the professional palate. Medical Reference Services Quarterly, 17(2), 69-77.
Fjallbrant, N. (1977). Planning a programme of library user education. Journal of Librarianship, 9(3), 199-211.
Giustini, D. (2009). Utilizing learning theories in the digital age: From theory to practice. Journal of the Canadian Health Libraries Association, 30(1), 19-25.
Gravois, S. L., Fisher, W., & Bowen, D. M. (1995). Information-seeking practices of dental hygienists. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, 83(4), 446-452.
Gruppen, L. D. (1990). Physician information seeking: Improving relevance through research. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, 78(2), 165-172.
Gruppen, L. D., Wolf, F. M., Van Voorhees, C., & Stross, J. K. (1987). Information-seeking strategies and differences among primary care physicians. Mobius, 7(3), 18-26.
Haug, J. D. (1997). Physicians' preferences for information sources: A meta-analytic study. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, 85(3), 223-232.
Hinchliffe, L. J., & Woodard, B. S. (2001). Instruction. In R. E. Bopp, & L. C. Smith (Eds.), Reference and information services: An introduction (3rd ed. ed., pp. 177-209). Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited.
Hoffman, K., Antwi-Nsiah, F., Feng, V., & Stanley, M. (2008). Library research skills: A needs assessment for graduate student workshops.
Johnson, A. P. (2005/2006). 行動研究導論（朱仲謀譯，頁28）。台北：五南。
Khan, B. H. (1997). Web-based instruction (WBI): What is it and why is it ? In B. H. Khan (Ed.), Web-based instruction (pp. 5-18). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Educational Technology Publication.
King, S. B., & MacDonald, K. (2004). Metropolis redux: The unique importance of library skills in informatics. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 92(2), 209-217.
Kohl, D. F. (1995). As time goes by.....: Revisiting fundamentals. Library Trends, 44(2), 423-429.
Lancaster, F. W. (1993). If you want to evaluate your library (2nd ed. ed.). Champaign, IL: Graduate School of Library and Information Science.
Lancaster, F. W. (1995). Needs, demands, and motivations in the use of sources of information. 資訊傳播與圖書館學, 1(3), 3-18.
Lathey, J. W., & Hodge, B. (2001). Information seeking behavior of occupational health nurses. how nurses keep current with health information. AAOHN Journal : Official Journal of the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses, 49(2), 87-95.
Leckie, G. J., Pettigrew, K. E., & Sylvain, C. (1996). Modeling the information seeking of professionals: A general model derived from research on engineers, health care professionals, and lawyers. The Library Quarterly, 66(2), 161-193.
Looney, R. P., & Greenberg, P. (2008). Navigating the educational path in the clinical setting. Journal of Hospital Librarianship, 8(1), 16-24.
Lundeen, G. W., Tenopir, C., & Wermager, P. (1994). Information needs of rural health care practitioners in hawaii. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, 82(2), 197-205.
Mani, N. S. (2008). "Library-on-the-go": Utilizing technology to provide educational programming. Journal of the Medical Library Association (JMLA), 96(3), 230-232.
McCutcheon, C., & Lambert, N. M. (2001). Tales untold:: The connection between instruction and reference services. Research Strategies, 18(3), 203-214.
McKnight, M. (2006). The information seeking of on-duty critical care nurses: Evidence from participant observation and in-context interviews. Journal of the Medical Library Association ( JMLA ), 94(2), np-np.
Perley, C. M., Gentry, C. A., Fleming, A. S., & Sen, K. M. (2007). Conducting a user-centered information needs assessment: The via christi libraries' experience. Journal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA, 95(2), 173-81, e54-5.
Premsmit, P. (1990). Information needs of academic medical scientists at chulalongkorn university. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, 78(4), 383-387.
Renwick, S. (2005). Knowledge and use of electronic information resources by medical sciences faculty at the university of the west indies. Journal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA, 93(1), 21-31.
Rettig, J. R. (1993). Reference and information services. In R. Wedgeworth (Ed.), World encyclopedia of library and information services (3rd ed. ed., pp. 703-708) ALA Editions, US.
Rice, J. (1981). Teaching library use: A guide for library instruction. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood press.
Robinson, S., & Lawson, S. (2005). Evaluating the impact of information skills training within primary care. Health Information & Libraries Journal, 22(1), 63-65.
Schilling, K., & Applegate, R. (2007). Evaluating library instruction: Measures for assessing educational quality and impact. Proceedings of the 13th National Conference of the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL), Baltimore, Maryland.
Shaughnessy, A. F., Slawson, D. C., & Bennett, J. H. (1994). Becoming an information master: A guidebook to the medical information jungle. The Journal of Family Practice, 39(5), 489-499.
Shelstad, K. R., & Clevenger, F. W. (1996). Information retrieval patterns and needs among practicing general surgeons: A statewide experience. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, 84(4), 490-497.
Skhal, K. J. (2008). A full revolution: Offering 360 degree library services to clinical clerkship students. Medical Reference Services Quarterly, 27(3), 249-259.
Smith, R. (1996). What clinical information do doctors need? British Medical Journal, 313(7064), 1062-1068. Retrieved from http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/313/7064/1062
Spath, M., & Buttlar, L. (1996). Information and research needs of acute-care clinical nurses. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, 84(1), 112-116.
Taylor, R. S. (1968). Question-negotiation and information seeking in libraries. College & Research Libraries, (29), 178-194.
Thompson, M. L. (1997). Characteristics of information resources preferred by primary care physicians. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, 85(2), 187-192.
Timpka, T., & Arborelius, E. (1990). The GP's dilemmas: A study of knowledge need and use during health care consultations. Methods of Information in Medicine, 29(1), 23-29.
Wakeham, M. (1992). The information seeking behaviour of nurses in the UK. Information Services and use, 12(2), 131-140.
Wilson, T. D. (1981). On user studies and information needs. Journal of Documentation, 37(1), 3-15.
Woolf, S. H., & Benson, D. A. (1989). The medical information needs of internists and pediatricians at an academic medical center. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, 77(4), 372-380.
Young, H. (1983). The ALA glossary of library and information science American Library Association.