研究生: |
游佳瑜 You, Jia-Yu |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
平凡中的不平凡:旁觀人與當事人如何看待敬業事蹟? The Uncommon Work of Common Workers: Contrasting Between the First- and Third-person Perspectives on Jingye |
指導教授: |
邱皓政
Chiou, Hawjeng |
口試委員: |
許書瑋
Hsu, Ryan Shuwei 簡忠仁 Chien, Chung-Jen 邱皓政 Chiou, Hawjeng |
口試日期: | 2023/11/03 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
全球經營與策略研究所 Graduate Institute of Global Business and Strategy |
論文出版年: | 2023 |
畢業學年度: | 112 |
語文別: | 英文 |
論文頁數: | 80 |
中文關鍵詞: | 敬業 、道德 、倫理 、職場 |
英文關鍵詞: | jingye, morality, ethics, workplace |
研究方法: | 紮根理論法 、 半結構式訪談法 |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202301825 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:57 下載:5 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
我們的社會相當看重他人的看法,因此能贏得他人正面評價的事情通常具有其重要性。在工作中,對工作表現最為正面的評價之一即為讚許對方「工作敬業」。敬業的重要性來自於其為我們社會裡道德與倫理判斷的延伸,因此敬業在道德上是對的、在倫理上也是對的。
華人本土工作敬業的研究中,目前的研究主要基於旁觀者的觀點,特別是媒體中的敬業報導。這樣的觀點有助於我們了解做什麼事情會被認為是敬業的,我們就能夠了解旁觀者看何種面向來決定這些好的評價。然而,此研究方向仍有兩項不足之處:一者是新聞報導傾向於較為英雄式的事蹟,我們目前仍缺乏在日常工作環境中,對於一般敬業工作者的近身觀察;二是我們也缺乏當事人自己如何看待這件事情。若我們的觀察都是新聞報導中的敬業表現,我們就不知道在日常工作中敬業是什麼樣子的;若我們缺乏當事人的觀點,那我們可能缺乏促進當事人願意表現敬業行為的動機。
為了補足過往文獻著墨較少的缺口,本研究試圖透過質性研究釐清日常工環境中敬業的行為事例,以及敬業者的主觀感受。研究結果對於所觀察到的敬業事蹟提出了兩個故事線,第一個故事線:從旁觀人角度觀察到的敬業成果(做事程度超過水準、多做額外之事)、旁觀人歸因敬業行為(工作熱忱、崇高目標、個性習慣、控制狂);第二個故事線:從當事人角度觀察到的敬業成果(成果沒那麼好、付出沒那麼多)、當事人歸因敬業行為(負起責任、受益者至上、持續嘗試、便宜行事)。本研究結果有助於我們了解旁觀者對於敬業行為的看法,以及敬業行為在日常工作環境中的呈現;同時也能了解在當事人的角度下,他們是如何解釋敬業行為、以及為何會展現出敬業的模樣。
Individuals from Chinese cultural contexts often care a lot about others’ opinions to them. Behaviors that allow individuals to earn a good reputation so thus often considered as important ones. Thus, jingye is often considered as worth pursuing. Furthermore, jingye is extension of morality and ethics in our society. Based on the concept of morality and ethics, jingye is morally and ethically right.
Extant literature largely draws on the perspectives of observers, especially the perspectives from the news reports on media. These perspectives help us to understand which behaviors will be commented as behaviors of jingye. However, there are still two shortcomings in extant understandings. First, there is no observation of daily work. Second, we lack observed workers’ own interpretation. If we only understand the third-person perspectives from the news, we do not know what jingye looks like in our daily work. If we do not understand the viewpoints of observed workers, we cannot understand why they are willing to act with jingye.
To fill these gaps, I propose a research design collecting data from both people who evaluate others and people who acted with jingye. I identify two storylines in this study. The first storyline is from the third-person perspective. It includes outcomes of jingye (work beyond expectation, do exceptional works), reasons of jingye (have passion, higher purpose, inclination and control freak). The second storyline is from the first-person perspective. It includes outcomes of jingye (it is not good enough and not work so hard), reasons of jingye (take responsibility, beneficiary first, keep trying and work efficiently). This research can help us to understand the behaviors of jingye in the daily work and how observers view the behaviors. We can also understand the workers’ perspectives and the reason why they show the spirit of jingye.
Alicke, M. D., Klotz, M. L., Breitenbecher, D. L., Yurak, T. J., & Vredenburg, D. S. (1995). Personal contact, individuation, and the better-than-average effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(5), 804–825. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.68.5.804
Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing grounded theory. Sage.
Cooper, L. D., Balsis, S., & Oltmanns, T. F. (2014). Aging: Empirical contribution: A longitudinal analysis of personality disorder dimensions and personality traits in a community sample of older adults: Perspectives from selves and informant. Journal of Personality Disorders, 28(1), 151-165. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2014.28.1.151
Corbin, J. M., & Strauss, A. (1990). Grounded theory research: Procedures, canons, and evaluative criteria. Qualitative Sociology, 13(1), 3-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00988593
Donaldson, S. I., & Grant-Vallone, E. J. (2002). Understanding self-report bias in organizational behavior research. Journal of Business and Psychology, 17(2), 245-260. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019637632584
Eleveld, M., Debast, I., Rossi, G. M., Dierckx, E., & van Alphen, S. P. (2019). Concordance and added value of informant-versus self-report in personality assessment: A systematic review. Tijdschrift Voor Gerontologie en Geriatrie, 50(4). https://doi.org/10.36613/tgg.1875-6832/2019.04.01
Funder, D. C., & West, S. G. (1993). Consensus, self‐other agreement, and accuracy in personality judgment: An introduction. Journal of Personality, 61(4), 457-476. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1993.tb00778.x
Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (2017). Discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203793206
Goulding, C. (2002). Grounded theory: A practical guide for management, business and market researchers. Sage. https://doi.org/10.7748/nr.11.1.81.s11
Hsu, R. S. (2015) On the meaning of Jingye: Looking into the moral and ethical dimensions of Chinese people’s working lives. [Unpublished dissertation]. Business Administration, National Taiwan University
Hwang, K. K. (2001). The deep structure of Confucianism: A social psychological approach. Asian Philosophy, 11(3), 179-204. https://doi.org/10.1080/09552360120116928
Hwang, K. K. (2012). Foundations of Chinese psychology: Confucian social relations. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1439-1
Hwang, K. K., & Chang, J. (2009). Self‐cultivation: Culturally sensitive psychotherapies in Confucian societies. The Counseling Psychologist, 37(7), 1010–1032. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000009339976
Kelley, H. H. (1973). The processes of causal attribution. American psychologist, 28(2), 107-128. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0034225
Kelley, H. H., & Michela, J. L. (1980). Attribution theory and research. Annual review of psychology, 31(1), 457-501. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.31.020180.002325
Kim, H., Di Domenico, S. I., & Connelly, B. S. (2019). Self–other agreement in personality reports: A meta-analytic comparison of self-and informant-report means. Psychological Science, 30(1), 129-138. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797618810000
Martinko, M. J., Douglas, S. C., & Harvey, P. (2006). Attribution theory in industrial and organizational psychology: A review. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 2006, Volume 21, (Vol. 1, pp. 127-187). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470696378
Martinko, M. J., Harvey, P., & Dasborough, M. T. (2011). Attribution theory in the organizational sciences: A case of unrealized potential. Journal of organizational behavior, 32(1), 144-149. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.690
McDonald, J. D. (2008). Measuring personality constructs: The advantages and disadvantages of self-reports, informant reports and behavioural assessments. Enquire, 1(1), 1-19.
Metzger, T. A. (1988). Confucian thought and the modern Chinese quest for moral autonomy. Journal of Social Sciences and Philosophy, 1(1), 297-358. https://www.rchss.sinica.edu.tw/files_news/01-01-1988/01_1_13.pdf
Metzger, T. A. (1990). Continuities between modern and premodern China: Some neglected methodological and substantive issues. In P. A. Cohen & M. R. Goldman (Eds), Ideas Across Cultures: Essays on Chinese Thought in Honor of Benjanin I. Schwartz (pp. 263-292). Harvard University Press.
Mirsadeghi, S. (2013). A review on the attribution theory in the social psychology. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 8(6), 74-76. https://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jhss/papers/Vol8-issue6/K0867476.pdf
Paulhus, D. L., & Vazire, S. (2007). The self-report method. Handbook of research methods in personality psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 224-239). Guilford Press.
Rushton, J. P., Chrisjohn, R. D., & Fekken, G. C. (1981). The altruistic personality and the self-report altruism scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 2(4), 293-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(81)90084-2
Schmitt, J. (2015). Attribution theory. Wiley Encyclopedia of Management, Volume 9, (pp. 1-3). Wiley. http://doi.org/10.1002/9781118785317.weom090014
Sjöberg, L. (2015). Correction for faking in self‐report personality tests. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 56(5), 582-591. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12231
Slingerland, E. (2007). Effortless action: Wu-wei as conceptual metaphor and spiritual ideal in early China. Oxford University Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23732606
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. M. (1997). Grounded theory in practice. Sage.
Swann, W. B. (1983). Self-verification: Bringing social reality into harmony with the self. In J. Suls & A. G. Greenwald (Eds.), Social psychological perspectives on the self (Vol. 2, pp. 33–66). Erlbaum.
Swann, W. B., Griffin, J. J., Predmore, S. C., & Gaines, B. (1987). The cognitive–affective crossfire: When self-consistency confronts self-enhancement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(5), 881–889. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.52.5.881
Wood, D., Harms, P., & Vazire, S. (2010). Perceiver effects as projective tests: What your perceptions of others say about you. Journal of Personality and Social psychology, 99(1), 174. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019390
YU, Y. S. (2004) Zhongguo Jindai Zongjiao Lunli yu Shangren Jingshen [Chinese Modern Religious Ethics and Spirit of Businessmen]. Linking Publishing.