研究生: |
韓中梅 Chung-mei May Han |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
包籜矢竹族群遺傳變異之研究 Study on population genetic variation of Pseudosasa usawai (Hayata) Makino & Nemoto |
指導教授: |
黃生
Huang, Shong |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
生命科學系 Department of Life Science |
論文出版年: | 2001 |
畢業學年度: | 89 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 80 |
中文關鍵詞: | 包籜矢竹 、族群遺傳 、親緣地理 |
英文關鍵詞: | Pseudosasa usawai, population genetics, phylogeography |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:209 下載:3 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
摘 要
本研究以葉綠體DNA trnT-trnL及trnD-trnT基因區間片段的序列分析台灣包籜矢竹(Pseudosasa usawai (Hayata) Makino & Nemoto)族群之遺傳結構及親緣地理關係,得到結果如下:(1)trnD-trnT基因區間片段累積的遺傳變異度較低(π=0.00019),trnT-trnL基因區間片段呈現較高的變異(π=0.00366~0.12619)。(2)除竹子山與大屯山亞族群外,其餘(亞)族群之間少有基因流傳(Nm=0.4088)。與同功異構酶資料比對後,發現包籜矢竹族群間由種子達成的基因交流比例有限。(3)分布於陽明山、樹梅坪及瑞濱三地族群過去曾經相連,後因冰河後退,植被帶上移,形成現今隔離之分布,中湖、小油坑、樹梅坪及瑞濱等地之個體即由冰河期留存於樹梅坪的族群擴張而來。
ABSTRACT
To investigate the population genetic structure and phylogeography of Pseudosasa usawai (Hayata) Makino & Nemoto in Taiwan, the intergenic spacers of chloroplast DNA (trnT-trnL and trnD-trnT) were sequenced. The results showed that, first of all, the trnD-trnT spacer examined accumulated little genetic variation (π=0.00019); whereas high genetic variation was detected in the trnT-trnL noncoding region(π=0.00366~0.12619). Secondly, seed dispersal has little to do with the gene flow among the populations and subpopulations studied as shown in their high degree of population differentiation. And, thirdly, the phylogeographic pattern as shown in the reconstructed network suggested that the present populations of Pseudosasa usawai were expanded from an ancient population at the Shumeiping area during the glacial retreat period and then further migrated uphill as an isolated population as the global climate turned warmer.
參考文獻
王文祥, 1989. 台灣北部大屯火山群之火山地質及核分裂飛跡定年研究. 國立台灣大學地質學研究所碩士論文.
王冰心, 1994. 合歡山區玉山箭竹族群之類黃素變異及遺傳結構. 國立中興大學植物學研究所碩士論文.
李瑞宗, 1992. 丹山草欲然. 陽明山國家公園管理處, 台北.
李瑞宗, 1987.陽明山國家公園竹子山系之植生研究. 台灣植物資源與保育論文集 pp.97-122.
林則桐, 1986. 包籜矢竹與台灣矢竹學名之訂正. 現代育林 2(1): 77-79.
林維治, 1976. 台灣竹亞科植物之分類(續). 林業試驗所報告271號.
林維治, 1961. 台灣竹科植物之分類. 林業試驗所報告59號.
徐國士,林則桐,陳慶福,高進義, 1986. 陽明山國家公園台灣矢竹生態之調查研究. 內政部營建屬委託林業試驗所及湖田國小研究, pp.74.
張齡玲, 1999. 白背芒之族群遺傳結構研究.國立台灣師範大學生物學系碩士論文.
陳益明, 1991. 台灣東北季風影響下植群生態之研究—以東北部基隆火山群一帶為例. 國立台灣大學森林學研究所碩士論文.
陳雅慈, 陳進霖, 林怡孜, 王國雄, 黃生, 1998. 台灣東北部的矢竹(Arundinaria usawai Hayata)亞族群間的遺傳變異度分析. 師大生物學報33(1): 57-69.
劉棠瑞,陳明哲, 1976. 台灣天然群落生態研究(二)大屯山區植群生態之研究.台灣省立博物館科學年刊. 19:1-43.
賴惠鳳, 1987. 陽明山國家公園生態之旅, 東方出版社. pp. 73-79.
Avise, J.C.,2000. Phylogeography: The history and formation of species. Harvard Univeristy Press, London.
Avise, J.C., 1989. Gene trees and organismal history. Evolution 43: 1192-1208.
Avise, J.C., J. Arnold, R.M. Bll Jr., E. Bermingha, T. Lamb, E. Neigel, C.A. Reeb and N.C. Saunder, 1987. Intraspecific phylogeography: the mitochondrial DNA bridge between population genetics and systematics. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 18:489-522.
Beattie, A., 1978. Plant-animal interactions affecting gene flow in Viola. In A.J. Kichards (ed.), The pollination of flowers by insects. pp. 151-164. Academic Press, Linnean Society Symposium Series, #6, London.
Beaulieu, J. and J.P. Simon, 1995. Mating system in natural populations of eastern white pine in Quebec. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25:1697-1703.
Bierzychudek, P., 1982. Life histories and demography of shade-tolerant temperate forest herbs: a review. New Phytologist 90:757-776.
Cambell, J.J.N., 1985. Bamboo flowering patterns: a global view with special reference of East Asia. Journal of American Bamboo Society 6: 17-35
Clayton W. D. and Renvoize S. A., 1986. Genera Graminum: Grasses of the World. Kew Bull. Addit. Ser. 13. Kew, London: Royal Botanic Gardens.
Clement M, D Posada and K Crandall, 1999 TCS: a computer program to estimate gene genealogies. Molecular Ecology 9(10): 1657-1660.
Clegg, M.T., 1980. Measuring plant mating systems. Bioscience 30(12):814-818.
Clegg, M.T., B.S. Gaut, G.H. Learn, Jr. and B.R. Morton, 1994. rates and patterns of chloroplast DNA evolution. Proceedings of the National academy of Science, USA 91:567-575.
Cole, C.T. and D.D. Biesboer, 1992. Monomorphism, reduced gene flow and cleistogamy in rare and common species of Lespedeza (Fabaceae). Ameican. Journal of Botany 79(5):567-575.
Comes H.P. and R.J. Abbott, 1998. The relative importance of historical events and gene flow on the population structure of a mediterranean ragwort, Senecio gallicus (Asteraceae). Evolution 52(2): 355-367.
Cook, R.E., 1979. Patterns of juvenile mortality and recruitment in plants. In Topics in Plant Population Biology, ed. O.T. Solbrig, S. Jain, G.B. Johnson and P.H. Raven, pp. 259-296. New York: Columia University press.
Demesure, B., B. Comps, and R.J. Petit. 1996. Chloroplast DNA phylogeography of the common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Europe. Evolution 50: 2515-2520.
Dransfield, S. and E.A. Widjaja,1995. Plant Resources of South-East Asia. No.7 Bamboos. Leiden: Backhuys Publishers.
Dumolin-Lapegus, S., M.H. Pemonge and R. Petit, 1998. Association between chloroplast and mitochondrial lineages in oaks. Molecular Biology and Evolution 15:1321-1331.
Ellstrand, N.C. and M.L. Roose, 1987. Patterns of genotypic diversity in clonal plant species. Amer. J. Bot. 74(1)123-131.
Excoffier L. and P.E. Smouse, 1994. Using allele frequencies and geographic subdivision to econstruct gene trees within a species: molecular variance parsimony. Genetics 136:343-359.
Ferris, C., R.P. Oliver, A.J. Davy and G.M. Hewitt, 1995. Using chloroplast DNA to trace postglacial migration routse of oaks into Britain. Molecular Ecology 4:731-738.
Fujii, N., K. Ueda, Y. Watano, and T. Shimizu. 1999. Further analysis of Intraspecific sequence variation of chloroplast DNA in Primula cuneifolia Ledeb. (Primulaceae): implications for biogeography of the Japanese alpine flora. Journal of Plant Research 112: 87-95.
Futuyma, D.J., 1986. Evolutionary Biology. 3rd ed. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderland, Massachuseatts.
Gielis, J., I. Everaert and M. De Loose. Genetic variability and relation ships in Phyllostachys using random amplified polymorphic DNA. In The Bamboos, p.107-124. London: Academic Press.
Golding, G.B., 1987. The detection of deleterious selection using ancestors inferred from a phylogenetic history. Genetic Research 49:71-82.
Golenberg, E. M., M. T. Clegg, M. L. Durbin, J. Doebley, and D. P. Ma. 1993. Evolution of a noncoding region of the chloroplast Genome. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 2:52-64.
Gottlieb, L.D., 1977. Electrophoretic evidence and plant systematics. Annual of Missouri Botanical Garden 64:161-180.
Hamrick, J. L. and M.J.W. Godt., 1989. Allozyme diversity in plant species. In Plant population genetics, breeding and genetic resources. ed. by Brown, A.H.D. , M.T. Clegg, A.L. Kahler and B.S. Weir,(eds.). Sinauer Associates, Inc. Massachusetts. p.43-63.
Hamrick, J. L. and M.J.W. Godt and S.L. Sherman-Broyles, 1992. New Forests 6:95-124.
Hamrick, J.L. and M.D. Loveless, 1986. The influence of seed dispersal mechanisms on the genetic structure of plant population. In Frugivores and seed dispersal. pp.211-223. Dr.W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht.
Harris, S.A. and R. Ingram, 1991. Chloroplast DNA and biosystematics: the effects of intraspecific diversity and plasmid transmission. Taxon 40: 393-421.
Hayata, B., 1916. Icons plantarum formosanarum Vol.6. pp.137-138.
Hedrick, P.W., 1984. Genetics of populations. Science Books International, Inc. Boston.
Hedrick, P.W., M.E. Ginevan and E.P. Ewing, 1976. Genetic polymorphism in heterogeneous environments. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 7:1-32.
Howe, H.F. and J. Smallwood, 1982. Ecology of seed dispersal. Annul Review of Ecology and Systematics 13:201-28.
Hsiao J.Y. and L. H. Rieseberg, 1994. Population genetic structure of Yushania niitakayamensis (Bambusoidese, Poaceae) in Taiwan. Molecular Ecology 3:201-208.
Huang S, Hsieh H.T., Fang K., Chiang Y.C., 2001. Patterns of Genetic Variation and Demography of Cycas taitungensis in Taiwan. Memorial of New York Botanical Garden 80 (In press)
Hudson, R.R., Boos, D.D. and N. L. Kaplan, 1992. A statistical test for detecting population subdivision. Molecular Biology and Evolution 9: 138-151.
Hudson, R.R., M. Slatkin and W.P. Maddison, 1992. Estimation of levels of gene flow frm DNA sequence data. Genetics 132: 583-589.
Isagi Y., T. Kawahara and H. Ito, 1997. A computer-aided management system of Phyllostachys stands based on the ecological characterinstics of carbon cycling. In The Bamboos, p.125-134. London: Academic Press.
Janzen, D.,1976. Why bamboos wait so long to flower? Annual Review Ecology and Systematics 7:347-391.
Jordan, W.C., M.W. Courtney and J.E. Neigel, 1996. Low levels of intraspecific genetic variation at a rapidly evolving chloroplast DNA locus in North American duckweeds (Lemnaceae). American Journal of Botany 83:430-439.
Kays, S. and J.L. Harper, 1974. The regulation of plant and tiller density in a grass sward. Jounal of Ecology 62:97-105.
Kelchner, S.A., and J.F. Wendel, 1996. Hairpins create minute inversions in non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA. Current Genetics 30:259-262.
Kobayashi Mikio, 1997. Phylogeny of world bamboos analysed by restriction fragment length polymorphisms of chloroplast DNA. In The Bamboos, p.227-236. London: Academic Press.
Langer, H.M., S.M. Ryle and O.R. Jewiss, 1964.the changing plant and tiller populations of timothy and meadow fescue swards I. Plant survival and the pattern of tillering. J. Appl. Ecol. 1:197-208.
Lavery, S. C.Moritz and D.R. Fielder, 1996. Genetic patterns suggest exponential population growth in a declining species. Molecular Biology and Evolution 13(8):1106-1113.
Levin, D.A., 1981. Dispersal versus gene flow in plants. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 68:233-253.
Levin, K.A. and H.W. Kerster, 1974. Gene flow in seed plants. Evol. Biol. 7: 139-220.
Liddle, M.J., C.S.J. Budd and M.J. Hutchins, 1982. Population dynamics and neighvouhood effects in establishing swards of Festuca rubra. Oikos 38:52-59.
Lin, W-C, 2000. Bambusoideae. In D.E. Boufford, C-F Hsieh, T-C Huang, C-S Kouh, H.Ohashi and H-J Su (eds.), Flora of Taiwan, 2nd ed., Vol.5. pp639-641. Editorial Committee of the Flora of Taiwan, Taipei.
Liston,Y.C., 1992. Variation in the chloroplast genes rpoC1 and rpoC2 of the genus Astragalus (Fabaceae): evidence from restriction site mapping of a PCR-amplified fragment. American Journal of Botany 79:953-961.
Loveless, M.D. and J.L. Hamrick, 1984. Ecological determinants of genetic structure in plant population. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 15:65-75.
Lu S-Y, C-I Peng, Y-P Cheng, T-Y Chiang (2001). Chloroplast DNA phylogeography of Cunninghamia konishii (Cupressaceae), an endemic conifer of Taiwan. Genome (in press)
Lu, S-Y.,T.-Y. Chiang, K.-H.Hong and T.-W. Hu, 1999. Re-examination of the Taxonomic Status of Cunninghamia konishii and C. lanceolata Based on the RFLPs of a Chloroplast trnD-trnT Spacer. Taiwan Journal of Forest Science 14(1): 13-19.
Makita, A., 1998. Population dynamics in the regeneration process of monocarpic dwarf bamboos, Sasa species. In Population biology of grasses, p.313-332, ed. Cheplick, G. P. Cambridge: Cambridge Universtiy Press.
Makita, A., 1992. Survivorship of a monocarpic bamboo grass, Sasa kurilensis, during the early regeneration process after mass flowering. Ecological Research, 7:245-2544.
Makita, A., Y. Konno, N. Fujita, K. Takada and E. Hamabata, 1993. Recovery of a Sasa tsuboiana population after mass flowering and death. Ecological Research 8:215-224.
Manen, J.F. and A. Natali, 1995. Comparison of the evolution of ribolose-1, 5-biphosphate carboxylase (rbcL) and atpB-rbcL non-coding spacer sequences in a recent plant group, the tribe Rubieae (Rubiaceae). Journal of Molecular Evolution 41:920-927.
Maruyama, T. and M. Nei, 1981. Genetic variability maintained by mutation and overdominant selection in finite population. Genetics 98-441-459.
Mayr, E, 1947. Mechanisms of evolution. In Cambell, N.A. Biology. p. 416. The Benjamin/Cummings. Publishing Compancy, Inc.
Maskas S.D. and M.B. Cruzan, 2000. Patterns of intraspecific diversification in the Piriqueta caroliniana complex in southeastern North America and the Bahamas. Evolution 54(3):815-827.
McCauley, D.E.,1994. Contrasting the distribution of chloroplast DNA and allozyme polymorphism among local populations of Silene alba: implications for studies of gene flow in plants. Proceedings of National Academy of Science USA 91:8127-8131.
McClure, F.A., 1966. The Bamboos, A Fresh Perspective. Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA.
Mitton, J.B.,1992. The dynamic mating systems of conifers. New Forests 6:197-216.
Moran, G.F. and W.T. Adams, 1989. Microgeographical patterns of allozyme differentiation in douglas-fir from southwest Oregon. For. Sci. 35:3-15.
Mosseler, A., K.N. Egger and G.A. Hughes, 1992. Low levels of genetic diversity in red pine confirmed by random amplified polymorphic DNA markers. Con, J. For. Res. 22:1332-1337.
Muller, G., 1977. Cross-fertilization in a conifer stand inferred from enzyme gene-marker in seeds. Silvatica Genetica 26:223-226.
Nei, M. (1987). Molecular Evolutionary Genetics. Columbia University Press, New York
O’Connor T.G. and T.M. Everson, 1998. Population dynamics of perennial grasses in African savanna and grassland. In Population biology of grasses, p.333-365, ed. Cheplick, G. P. Cambridge: Cambridge Universtiy Press.
Page, R.D.M. and E.C. Holmes, 1998. Molecular Evolution: A Phylogenetic Approach. Blackwell Science, Oxford.
Palmer, J.D., 1985. Evolution of chloroplast and mitochondria DNA in plants and algae. In R.J. MacIntyre (ed.), Molecular and evolutionary genetics. pp.131-240. Plenum, New York.
Perry, H.C. and P. Knowles, 1990. Evidence of high self-fertilization in natural populations of eastern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis). Can. J. Bot. 58:663-668.
Petit, R.J., E. Pineau, B. Demesure, R. Bacilieri, A. Ducousso and A. Kremer, 1997. Chloroplast DNA footprints of postglacial recolonization by oaks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 94:9996-10001.
Posada, D, KA Crandall and AR Templeton, 2000. GeoDis: a program for the cladistic analysis of the geographical distribution of genetic haplotypes. Molecular Ecology 9:487-488.
Prentice, H.C., M. Lonn, L.P. Lefkovitch and H. Runyeon, 1995. Associations between allele frequencies in Festuca ovina and Habitat variation in the alvar grasslands on the Baltic island of Oland. J. Ecol. 83(3):391-402.
Renvoize S. A. and T. R. Hodkinson, 1997. Classification of Phyllostachys. In The Bamboos, p.95-106. London: Academic Press,.
Rieseberg, L. H., M.A. Hanson and C.T. Philbrick, 1992. Androdioecy is derived from dioecy in Datiscaceae: evidence from restriction site mapping of a PCR-amplified fragment. Systematic Botany 17:324-336.
Ritland, K. and S. Jain, 1981. A model for the estimation of outcrossing rate and gene frequencies using independent loci. Heredity 47(1):35-52.
Rozas, J. and R. Rozas, 2000. DnaSP version 3: an integrated program for molecular population genetics and molecular evolution analysis. Bioinformatics 15: 174-175.
Saitou, U. and M. Nei, 1987. The neighbor-joining methods: Anew method for reconstructing phylogenetics tree. Molecular Biology and Evolution 4:406-425.
Sang, T., D.J. Crawford and T.F. Stuessy, 1997. Chloroplast DNA phylogeny, reticulate evolution and biogeography of Paeonia (Paeoniaceae). American Journal of Botany 84:1120-1136.
Schaal, B.A., 1980. Measurement of gene flow in Lupinus texensis. Nature 284:450-451.
Schaal, B.A., D.A. Hayworth, K.M. Olsen, J.T. Rauscher and W.A. Smith, 1998. Phylogeographic studies in plants: problems and prospects. Molecular Ecology 7:465-474.
Schaal, B.A., and K.M. Olsen, 2000. Gene genealogies and population variation in plant. Proceedings of National Academay Science USA 97(13):7024-7029.
Schemske, D.W., 1984. Population structure and local selection in Impatiens (Balsaminaceae), a selfing annual. Evolution 38:817-832.
Simmonds, N.W., 1980. Monocarpy, calendars and flowering cycles in Angiosperms, Kew Bulletin 35:235-245.
Slatkin, M., 1987. Gene flow and the geographic structure of natural poulation. Science 236:787-792.
Small, R. L., J. A. Ryburn, R. C. Cronn, T. Seelanan, and J. F. Wendel. 1998. The tortoise and the hare: choosing between noncoding plastome and nuclear adh sequences for phylogeny reconstruction in a recently diverged plant group. American journal of Botany 85: 1301-1315.
Solbrig, O.T., 1980. Demography and natural selection. In Demography and Evolution in Plant Populations ed. O.T. Solbrig, p. 1-20. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
Soderstrom T. R. and C.E. Calderon, 1979. A commentary on the bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae). Biotropica, 11:161-172.
Soderstrom T. R. and Ellis, R. P., 1987. The position of bamboo genera and allies in a system of grass classification. In T. R. Soderstrom, K. W. Hilu, C. s. Campbell and M. E. Barkworth. Grass Systematics and Evolution, Washington : Smithsonian Institution Press.
Swofford, D.L., 1998. PAUP*.Phylogeneitc Analysis Using Parsimony* (and Other Method). Version 4.0. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
Taberlet, P., L. Gielly, G Pautou and J. Bouvet, 1991. Universal primers for amplification of three non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA. Plant Molecular Biology 17:1105-1109.
Taylor, A. H. and Z. Qin, 1988. Regerneration from seed of Sinarundinaria fangiana, a bamboo, in the Wolong giant panda reserve, Sichuan, China. American Journal of Botany, 75:1065-73.
Taylor, A.H., and Z. Qin, 1997. The dynamics of temperate bamboo forests and panda conservation in China. In The Bamboos, p.189-204. London: Academic Press.
Templeton, AR, E Routman and CA Phillips, 1995. Separating population structure from population history: a cladistic analysis the geographical distribution of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes in the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. Genetics 140:767-782.
Van de Peer, Y., De Wachter, R. (1994) TREECON for Windows: a software package for the construction and drawing of evolutionary trees for the Microsoft Windows environment. Computer Application in Bioscience 10, 569-570.
van Ham, R.C.H.J., H. Hart, T.H.M. Mes and J.M. Sandbrink, 1994. Molecular evolution of noncoding regions of the chloroplast genome in the Crassulaceae and related species. Current Genetics 25:558-566.
Veblen, T.T., 1982. GROWTH PATTERNS OF Chesque bamboos in the understory of Chilean Nothofagus forests and their influences in forest dynamics. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 109:474-487.
Wade, M.J. and DE McCauley, 1990. Extinction and recolonization: their effects on the genetic differentiation of local populations. Evolution 42:995-1005.
Widmer, Y., 1997. Life history of some Chusquea species in old-growth oak forest in Costa Rica. In The Bamboos, p.17-32. London: Academic Press.
Whitehead, D.R., 1983. Wind Pollination: Some ecological and Evolutionary Perspectives. In Pollination Biology. p. 97-107. Academic Press, Inc.
Williams, J.G.K., A.R.Kubelik, K.J. Livak, J.A. Rafalski and S.V. Tingey, 1990. DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acids Research 18:6531-6535.
Wright, S., 1951. The genetical structure of population. Ann. Eugen. 15:323-354.
Wright, S., 1946. Isolation by distance under diverse systems of mating. Genetics 31:39-59.
Wright, S., 1943. Isolation by distance. Genetics 28:114-138.
Wolfe, K.H., W-H. Li and P.M. Sharp, 1997. Rates of nucleotide substitution vary greatly among plant mitochondria, chloroplast and nuclear DNAs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 84:9054-9058.
Xie, C. Y., B.P. Dancik, and F.C. Yeh, 1991. The mating system in natural populations of Thuja orientalis. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21:333-339.
Zhang, W-P,1996. Phylogeny and classification of the bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) based on molecular and morphological data. pp161. PhD dissertation, Iowa State University.