研究生: |
彭于珊 Peng, Yu-Shan |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
現代漢語同時性時間副詞子句之句法分析 A Syntactic Analysis of the When Temporal Adverbial Clauses in Mandarin Chinese |
指導教授: |
丁仁
Ting, Jen |
口試委員: |
黃瑞恆
Huang, Rui-Heng 謝妙玲 Hsieh, Miao-Ling 丁仁 Ting, Jen |
口試日期: | 2023/01/12 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
英語學系 Department of English |
論文出版年: | 2023 |
畢業學年度: | 111 |
語文別: | 英文 |
論文頁數: | 105 |
中文關鍵詞: | 時間副詞子句 、時間位置詞 、現代漢語 、「的時候」 、「當」 |
英文關鍵詞: | temporal adverbial clause, temporal localizer, Mandarin Chinese, de-shihou, dang |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202300176 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:114 下載:21 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本論文旨在探討現代漢語同時性時間副詞子句的四種句型:(1)...的時候(2)在...的時候(3)當...的時候(4)...時。前人文獻包含五個具有爭議性的議題。首先,Gasde & Paul (1996)認為「...的時候」句型是以隱性介系詞為中心語的介系詞詞組,而Liou (2003)、Hu (2016)、Pan & Paul (2018) 認為是限定詞組 (DP)。其次,「...的時候」的結構有以下幾種分析:帶有後置詞補語的介系詞詞組(Gasde & Paul 1996)、名詞補語子句(Hu 2016)、關係子句(Liou 2003, Pan & Paul 2018, Wei & Li 2018, Yip & Chen 2021)。其三,「當」被視為介系詞(Hu 2016, Pan & Paul 2018)或補語標記(Yip & Chen 2021)。其四,Yip & Chen (2021) 認為「當...的時候」沒有時間運符(temporal operator)之移動;此分析與Haegeman (2009, 2010)相左,其認為時間副詞子句的運符移動具語言的普遍性。最後,「時」在文獻中被視為附著語素(clitic)(Hu 2016, Yip & Chen 2021),本論文論證其表現與位置詞「前/後」呈現高度相似。
本論文主張這四個句型均是以顯性(overt)或隱性(covert)「在」為中心語的介系詞詞組。「...的時候」是一個帶有時間運符移動的關係子句,「當」為補語標記,「時」是一個表達時間關係的位置詞。此外,本論文之分析顯示現代漢語與英語及韓語的同時性時間副詞子句表現相似,三者均為帶有時間運符移動之關係子句的介系詞片語;進而表示此分析對於時間副詞子句可能有語言的普遍性。
The aim of this thesis is to examine Chinese counterparts of English when temporal adverbial clauses (TAC), including four patterns: ...de shihou, zai...de shihou, dang...de shihou, and ...shi. We review six previous studies and investigate five contentious issues. ① The first issue concerns the phrasal category of ...de shihou; it is proposed to take the form of PP (Gasde & Paul 1996) or DP (Hu 2016, Liou 2003, Pan & Paul 2018). ② The second issue concerns the analysis of shihou; it is considered a postposition together with de (Gasde & Paul 1996), a noun following a noun complement clause (Hu 2016) or following a relative clause (Liou 2003, Pan & Paul 2018, Wei & Li 2018, Yip & Chen 2021). ③ The third issue concerns the categorial status of dang; it is deemed as a preposition (Hu 2016, Pan & Paul 2018) or a subordinator at C (Yip & Chen 2021). ④ The fourth issue concerns existence of temporal operator movement in dang...de shihou; Yip & Chen (2021) claim that there is no operator movement, which contradicts Haegeman’s (2009, 2010, 2012) claim that operator movement in TACs is language universal. ⑤ The fifth issue concerns the analysis of shi; it is treated as a clitic that attaches to a preceding clause (Hu 2016, Yip & Chen 2021); however, we will show that it exhibits significant parallelism with localizers qian/hou ‘before/after’.
We propose that the four patterns are PPs with an overt or covert zai and involve temporal operator movement. ...de shihou takes the form of an adjunct relative clause, in which C can be an overt or covert dang; shi is a localizer that takes a preceding DP complement, resulting in a LP. In addition, our analysis shows that Chinese when-TACs behave analogously to English and Korean when-TACs: they all involve relative clauses with operator movement and are in the form of PP. This suggests that the shared analysis for when-TACs may be language universal.
An, Duk-Ho. 2022. The syntax of temporal adverbial clauses in Korean and its implications. Language Research 58: 141-156.
Anderson, Stephan. 1992. A-morphous morphology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Aoun, Joseph, and Yen-hui Audrey Li. 2003. Essays on the representational and derivational nature of grammar: The diversity of wh-constructions. Cambridge: MIT press.
Bi, Hai-Juan. 2012. Cong fenbu jiaodu bianxi shi yu shihou [Distinguishing shi and shihou ‘time’ from the perspective of distribution]. Modern Chinese 5: 60-61.
Bresnan, Joan, and Jane Grimshaw. 1978. The syntax of free relatives in English. Linguistic Inquiry 9.3: 331–91.
Declerck, Renaat. 1997. When-TACs and temporal structure. London: Routledge Press.
Demirdache, Hamida, and Myriam Uribe-Etxebarria. 2004. The syntax of time adverbs. The Syntax of Tense and Aspect, ed. by Jacqueline Guéron and Jacqueline Lecarme, 143-179. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Duanmu, San. 1998. New approaches to Chinese word formation: Morphology, phonology and the lexicon in modern and ancient Chinese. Wordhood in Chinese, ed. by Jerome Packard, 135–196. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Dubinsky, Stanley, and Kemp Williams. 1995. Recategorization of prepositions as complementizers: the case of temporal prepositions in English. Linguistic Inquiry 26.1: 125-137.
Eastwood, John. 1994. Oxford guide to English grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ernst, Thomas. 1988. Chinese postpositions? - Again. Journal of Chinese Linguistics 16.2: 219–245.
Gasde, Horst-Dieter, and Waltraud Paul. 1996. Functional categories, topic prominence, and complex sentences in Mandarin Chinese. Linguistics 34.2: 263-294.
Geis, Michael Lorenz. 1970. Adverbial subordinate clauses in English. Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Greenbaum, Sidney. 1996. English grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Haegeman, Liliane. 2003. Conditional clauses: external and internal syntax. Mind & Language 18: 317-339.
Haegeman, Liliane. 2009. The movement analysis of temporal adverbial clauses. English Language and Linguistics 13.3: 385-408.
Haegeman, Liliane. 2010. The internal syntax of adverbial clauses. Lingua 120: 628-648.
Haegeman, Liliane. 2012. Adverbial clauses, main clause phenomena and the composition of the left periphery: The cartography of syntactic structures. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hall, David Patrick, and Ivano Caponigro. 2010. On the semantics of when-TACs. Semantics and Linguistic Theory 20: 544-563.
Haspelmath, Martin. 1997. From space to time: temporal adverbials in the world's languages. München, Newcastle: Lincom Europa.
Hu, Ling-Yen. 2016. Temporal clauses in Mandarin Chinese. MA thesis, National Tsing Hua University.
Hu, Pei-An. 2006. Cong gongneng de jiaodu kan ‘shijian’ yu ‘shihou’ [Viewing shijian and shihou ‘time’ from the perspective of function]. Social Science Journal 6: 258-262.
Huang, C.-T. James. 1984. Phrase structure, lexical integrity, and Chinese compounds. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association 19.2: 53-78.
Huang, C.-T. James, Yen-Hui Audrey Li, and Yafei Li. 2009. The syntax of Chinese. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Huang, Chu-Ren. 1987. Mandarin Chinese NP DE: A comparative study of current grammatical theories. Doctoral dissertation, Ithaca: Cornell University.
Jin, Chang-Ji. 1991. Tan shijian duanyu Zhong de jieci zai han dang [Discussing preposition zai and dang in temporal clauses]. Journal of Xuchang Teachers College 3: 87-93.
Kitagawa, Chisato, and Claudia Ross. 1982. Prenominal modification in Chinese and Japanese. Linguistic Analysis 9.1: 19-53.
Larson, Richard. 1990. Extraction and multiple selection in PP. The Linguistic Review 7.2: 169-182.
Law, Paul. 2001. Some issues in English and Chinese relative clauses. In Handout for the Study Group on Relative Clauses, ed. by Sze-Wing Tang, 1-11. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
Li, Charles. N., and Sandra. A. Thompson. 1989. Mandarin Chinese: A functional reference grammar. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Li, Wendan. 2012. Temporal and aspectual references in Mandarin Chinese. Journal of Pragmatics 44.14: 2045-2066.
Li, Yen-Hui Audrey. 1985. Abstract case in Chinese. Doctoral dissertation, Los Angeles, CA: University of Southern California.
Li, Yen-Hui Audrey. 1990. Order and constituency in Mandarin Chinese. Dordrecht Netherlands, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Li, Yen-Hui Audrey. 2008. Case, 20 years later. Proceedings of the 20th North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics (NACCL-20), ed. by Marjorie K.M. Chan and Hana Kang, 41-68. Columbus, Ohio: The Ohio State University.
Lin, T.-H. Jonah, Keiko Murasugi, and Mamoru Saito. 2001. Modification and specification: An investigation of no and de. Paper presented at the 10th annual meeting of the International Association of Chinese Linguistics, University of California, Irvine.
Liou, Yu-Fen. 2003. On Chinese temporal clauses. Doctoral dissertation, Michigan State University.
Liu, Feng-Hsi. 1998. A clitic analysis of locative particles. Journal of Chinese Linguistics 26.1: 48-70.
McCawley, James D. 1988. Adverbial NPs: bare or clad in see-through garb? Language 64.3: 583–90.
Ning, Chun-Yan. 1993. The overt syntax of relativization and topicalization in Chinese. Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Irvine.
Pan, Victor Junnan, and Waltraud Paul. 2018. The syntax of complex sentences in Mandarin Chinese: a comprehensive overview with analyses. Linguistic Analysis 42.1-2: 63-162.
Pasicki, Adam. 1972. An outline grammar of the English while/when/as temporal clauses. Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 4: 93-105.
Paul, Waltraud. 2015. New perspectives on Chinese syntax, Berlin, München, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.
Rizzi, Luigi. 2004. Locality and left periphery. Structures and beyond: the cartography of syntactic structures, vol. 3, ed. by Adriana Belletti, 223-251. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Rudanko, Juhani. 1981. On a structural ambiguity in English subordinate clauses of time, English Studies 62.1: 53-55.
Saito, Mamoru, T-H. Jonah Lin, and Keiko Murasugi. 2008. N'-ellipsis and the structure of noun phrases in Chinese and Japanese. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 17.3: 247-271.
Simpson, Andrew. 2001. Definiteness agreement and the Chinese DP. Language and Linguistics. 2.1: 125-156.
Stowell, Timothy Angus. 1981. Origins of phrase structure. Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Stroik, Thomas. 1992. On the distribution of temporal and locative NP adverbials, The Linguistic Review 9.3: 267-284.
Tao, Hongyin. 2002. The semantics and pragmatics of relative clause constructions in Mandarin narrative discourse. Contemporary Research in Modern Chinese 4: 47-57.
Thompson, Sandra A., Robert E. Longacre, and Shin-Ja Hwang 2007. Adverbial clauses. Language typology and syntactic description, ed. by Timothy Shopen, 237-300. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Thomson, Audrey Jean, Agnes V. Martinet, and Eileen Draycott. 1986. A practical English grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Tsai, Hui-Chin Joyce. 2008. On gapless relative clauses in Chinese. Nanzan Linguistics: Special Issue 5: 109-124.
Tsai, Wei-Tian. 2010. Tan hanyu motaici de fenbu yu quanshi zhi duiying guanxi [On the correspondence between distribution and interpretation of Chinese modals]. Studies of the Chinese language 3: 208-221.
Ürögdi, Barbara. 2009. Temporal adverbial clauses with or without operator movement. Adverbs and adverbial adjuncts at the interfaces, ed. by Katalin É. Kiss, Berlin, 133-170: New York: De Gruyter Mouton.
Wang, Chang-Song. 2022. On the big silent appositive time in dà NP de construction in Chinese: A compositional approach. Journal of Chinese Linguistics 50.2: 348-384.
Wei, Wei, and Yen-Hui Audrey Li. 2018. Adverbial clauses in Mandarin Chinese, part 1: Preverbal adverbial PPs and clauses. Linguistic Analysis 42.1: 163-233.
Yip, Ka-Fai. 2021. Two types of temporal adverbial clauses in Cantonese. Paper presented at the 39th West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics (WCCFL-39), The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
Yip, Ka-Fai, and Zhou Chen. 2021. Adverbial clauses with and without operator movement. Paper presented at the 9th International Conference on Formal Linguistic (ICFL-9), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Yip, Po-Ching, and Don Rimmington. 2004. Chinese: A comprehensive grammar. New York: Routledge.