研究生: |
周孟宏 Meng-Hung Jou |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
動態性避難道路路線規劃 Dynamic Route Planning of Evacuation Road |
指導教授: |
張國楨
Chang, Kuo-Chen |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
地理學系 Department of Geography |
論文出版年: | 2005 |
畢業學年度: | 93 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 91 |
中文關鍵詞: | 避難道路 、服務範圍 、道路阻斷 、路網分析 、地理資訊系統 |
英文關鍵詞: | Refuge Route, Service Area, Road Block, Network Analysis, Geographic Information System |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:579 下載:135 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
劇烈地震發生過後對於交通系統將帶來直接的衝擊。從九二一經驗來看,主要受創災區如東勢、豐原、集集等地皆非台灣人口密集的都會地區。因此相較於過去阪神、洛杉磯等都會型地震,造成的災害形式並不相同。以九五年日本阪神大地震的經驗來看,震後道路系統與維生管線的破壞為市區大火延燒數十日的主因。而人員的傷亡與經濟損失主要集中於震後的應變與復原階段。台灣都會地區地狹人稠、經濟高度發展,一旦發生如九二一規模等級之地震,若無相關的配套措施則造成的實質與社會經濟損失將不可小覷。
道路系統於平時肩負一般車流的運輸功能性,於震後立即轉換為以配合避難、救災緊急性工作為第一要務。道路系統為震後第一時間啟動之防災空間系統。為整合其他防救災空間系統的重要樞紐。國內過去避難路線規劃的焦點,擺在道路本體的防災條件設定。此類震前預先設定的逃生路線隨著震後道路受損程度輕重不一而必須有所調整。因此,基於震後即時性路線規劃之需求,本研究首先依供給與需求的原則出發劃分臨時收容場所之服務範圍,作為整合防災空間資源與路網分析起迄點設定的基礎。
對於道路本體及四周結構物嚴重損毀之下可能造成之道路阻斷,本研究將引入GIS路網分析於即時性避難路線規劃畫中。修改過去GIS路網分析中單純以道路通行成本為路徑搜尋順序之方式,由震後即時性的車道數資訊出發,整合道路通阻模式於GIS路網資料結構中。以ESRI ArcGIS 8.3為應用軟體介面建立『避難道路評估系統』,配合台北市大安區避難據點、道路的選定建立地理資料庫(GeoDatabase), 實際進行道路阻斷的模擬模擬與路網分析,提供震後輔助避難路線決策之參考。
Severe earthquakes may have a great impact on the transportation system. From the experience of Chi-Chi Earthquake, the destroyed regions of Fengyuan, Dongshi, and Chi-Chi are not populous urban areas. The type of disaster is different from those happened in big cities, like the Great Hanshin Earthquake and the Northridge Earthquake.
Take the Great Hanshin earthquake for example, the main reason that the fire lasted dozens of days was the destruction of the pipelines and road network systems. Human sufferings and economic losses remained in the response stage after the earthquake.
Urban areas in Taiwan are not only crowded and populous, but also highly and economically developed. Without proper preparations, onset of strong earthquakes equal to the scale of Chi-Chi Earthquake will bring substantial social and economic losses.
The road system, responsible for carrying heavy traffic flow at regular hours, shifts to the end of refuge and rescue after earthquakes. It is also the first spatial rescue system activated after earthquakes. At the same time, it serves a pivotal role in integrating other spatial rescue systems.
In the past, domestic refuge route planning was focused on road conditions for disaster prevention. This kind of presumed refuge routes must adjust weighing the degree of damage. Based on the need of real-time refuge planning, I conduct the following research.
First, I define the service area of temporary shelter according to the supply-and-demand principle. It is the basis for integration spatial rescue resources and also for the network analysis of start-and-end point setup.
Regarding the blockage by the road and surrounding structure damage, I apply the GIS network analysis in real-time route planning. I modify the GIS network analysis in which travel cost is the sole factor in the searching of the route. With the information of post-quake real-time lane numbers, I integrate the lane blockage factor into the GIS network data model, and then establish the “refuge route choice”system by the ESRI ArcGIS8.3.
Taking Da-An District of Taipei City for example, I set up the GeoDtabase using the data of shelter areas and roads in the district. Then, I conduct the road blockage simulation and network analysis. The method will provide another way to aid the decision-making of the route choice after the earthquake.
參考文獻
<中文部分>
1.陳亮全 (1988) 有關台灣都市地震災害及其成因之初步探討,台灣大學土木工程學研究所。
2.李威儀、錢學陶、李咸亨 (1997) 台北市都市計畫防災系統之規劃,中華民國都市計畫學會。
3.何明錦、李威儀 (1998) 從都市防災系統檢討實質空間之防災功能-(一)防救災交通動線系統及防救據點,內政部建築研究所。
4.李威儀 (2001) 台北市市中心區防救災據點與路徑之檢討與空間規劃,臺北市都市發展局。
5.張文侯 (1997) 台北市防災避難場所之區位決策分析,國立台灣大學建築與城鄉研究所碩士論文。
6.鄭春子 (1998) 國民小學學區劃分之研究,逢甲大學土地管理學系研究所碩士論文。
7.呂良正、陳易瑞 (2004) 台北市大安區震災避難場所、短中長期安置所規劃,台北市政府與台灣綜合災害研究中心合作推動防救災計畫。
8.曾明遜、陳亮全、詹士樑 (1999) 都市地區避難救災動線評估方法之研究〈二〉:地區避難路徑與據點之配合,內政部建築研究所。
9.洪鴻智、詹士樑 (2001) 都市地區避難救災路徑有效性評估方法之研究(三) — 與HAZ-Taiwan整合應用,內政部建築研究所。
10.呂獎慧 (2000) 都市震災救災路線選擇模式之構建,國立台灣大學土木工程學研究所碩士論文。
11.黃亦琇 (2001) 震災道路系統評估指標之建立,國立交通大學交通運輸研究所碩士論文。
12.陳亮全、詹士樑、洪鴻智 (2004) 都市地區震災緊急路網評估方法之研究,都市與計劃─1(31),47-64,台北市,中華民國都市計畫學會。
13.蕭江碧、李泳龍、葉光毅 (2002) 南投市都市防災系統空間規畫,內政部建築研究所研究計畫成果報告。
14.葉光毅 (2001) 因應防災之道路交通對策,科學發展月刊─7(29),504-510,行政院國家科學委員會。
15.連振盛 (2001) 都市地區地震防救災交通系統之交通管制緊急應變計畫 之研究,國立交通大學運輸工程與管理研究所碩士論文。
16.陳建忠、詹士樑 (1999) 都市地區避難救災路徑有效性評估之研究,台北市,內政部建築研究所。
17.陳建忠、彭光輝 (2002) 大里市都市防災空間系統規劃,30-33,台北市,內政部建築研究所。
18.何明錦、李威儀、楊龍士 (2002) 台中市都市防災空間系統規劃,4-19,台北市,內政部建築研究所。
19.蕭江碧、李泳龍、葉光毅 (2002) 南投市都市防災空間系統規劃,4-27,台北市,內政部建築研究所。
20.藍武王 (2000) 大地震的防災應變:道路系統管理相關課題,台灣公路工程─9(26),2-9,台灣公路工程月刊社。
21.松島悠佐 (1999) 阪神大地震考驗自衛隊 ,48-65,國防部史政編譯局。
22.吳水威、陳大中、賴建宇、楊燿楨 (2003) 都市地區地震防災交通系統緊急搶通計畫架構之研究,2003年全國土地管理與開發學術研討會,3-24~3-33。
23.蕭江碧、張益三 (2002) 地方層級都市防災規劃與改善管理計畫之研擬 : 嘉義市都市防災避難空間系統規劃示範計畫,4-26~4-31,台北市,內政部建築研究所。
24.孫志鴻、阮忠信、吳上煜、游怡芳 (2002) 災害管理決策支援系統之發展建置,中華地理資訊學會年會暨學術研討會論文集1-10。
<英文部分>
1.Wei Luo and Fahui Wang (2003):Measures of spatial accessibility to health care in a GIS environment: synthesis and a case study in Chicago region, Environmental and planning B: Planning and Decision , Vol.30, pp.865-884
2.Chris Upchurch , Michael Kuby , Michael Zoldak , and Anthony Barranda (2004):Using GIS to generate mutually exclusive service areas linking travel on and off network, Journal of Transport Geography, Vol.12 , No1 , pp.23-33。
3.Konstantinos Tarabanis and Ioannis Tsionas (1999):Using Network Analysis for Emergency Planning in Case of an Earthquake , Transactions in GIS , Vol.3, No 2 , pp187-197
ESRI ARC/INFO Workstation 8 manual
4.Bruce A. Ralston (2000):GIS and ITS Traffic Assignment:Issues in Dynamic User-Optimal Assignments , GeoInformatica , Vol.4, No2 , pp.231-243
5.Odani, M. and Uranaka, K. (1999): Road blockage in an area affected by the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake and influence of blockage on traffic flow –the study area: eastern part of Higashinada-ku , Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol.3, No6, pp.151-164
6.TAKAHASHI Hironao (2003): Disaster Prediction System for Port Area , Annual Report of NILIM,No2 , pp20-23
Erica Dalziell and Alan Nicholson (2001): Risk and Impact of Natural Hazards on a Road Network , Journal of Transportation Engineering , Vol.127, No 2 , pp159–166
7.Chan C. Chen (1998): A GIS Approach to Dynamic Network Routing , GITA Annual Conferences 1998
Ling Qin and Brian L. Smith (2002):Final report for ITS Center project:Incident capacity estimation , University of Virginia , Smart Travel Lab Report NO. STL-2001-02
Harvey J. Miller and Yi-Hwa Wu (2000):GIS Software for Measuring Space-Time Accessibility in Transportation Planning and Analysis , GeoInformatica , No.4,Vol 2, pp.141-159
8.Michael F. Goodchild , David J. Maguire, and David W. Rhind (1991):Geographical information systems : principles and applications,the United States of America, New York : Wiley
9.Michael Zeiler (1999):Modeling Our World,p128-146,ESRI Press
10.Bruce A. RALSTON (2000): GIS and ITS Traffic Assignment:Issues in Dynamic User-Optimal Assignments , GeoInformatica , No.4,Vol 2, pp.231-243
11.May, Adolf D. (1990) :Traffic flow fundamentals ,Englewood Cliffs
12.Nesrin Basoz , Meredith Williams and Anne Kiremidjian (2003):A Gis-Based Emergrncy Response System for Transportation Networks , Earthquake Engineering2003 , pp 926-935
13.Yi-Hwa Wu , Harvey J. Miller and Ming-Chih Hung (2001):A GIS-BASED DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR ANALYSIS OF ROUTE CHOICE IN CONGESTED URBAN ROAD NETWORKS , Journal of Geographical Systems, No.3,Vol 1,pp3-24
Roozbeh Shad , Hamid Ebadi, and Mohsen Ghods (2003):Evaluation of Route Finding Methods in GIS Application , Map Asia 2003, Malaysia
14.Yan Li (2004):MEASURING INDIVIDUAL RESIDENCE’S ACCESSIBLE PROABILITY BY USING GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS , The Second International Symposium on Transportation Network Reliability , Christchurch and Queenstown, New Zealand