研究生: |
陳錦玉 Nana Santori |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
新北市國民中學校務評鑑應用之研究 A Study on the Uses of School Evaluations in New Taipei Municipal Junior High Schools |
指導教授: |
王麗雲
Wang, Li-Yun |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
教育政策與行政研究所 Graduate Institute of Educational Policy and Administration |
論文出版年: | 2016 |
畢業學年度: | 104 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 132 |
中文關鍵詞: | 校務評鑑 、評鑑應用 |
英文關鍵詞: | School evaluation, the uses of evaluation |
DOI URL: | https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202203998 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:159 下載:21 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
新北市國民中學校務評鑑應用之研究
摘要
本研究探討現行新北市國民中學校務評鑑中學校端實際應用校務評鑑之現況、影響校務評鑑應用之因素與不同利害關係人對校務評鑑應用之觀點。研究採質性研究,訪談新北市立國民中學學校行政人員(含校長、主任、組長)及教師共15位,以訪談法進行資料分析。
研究結果發現(1)新北市立國民中學實際應用校務評鑑之現況,在評鑑的過程性應用現況為:思考教學風貌及整建硬體設備、檢視校務是否正常運作、增進現場人員使用資訊設備能力、協助教師整理教學方向、問卷調查資料做為經營校務調整參考。評鑑的結果性應用現況為:正視學校發展並公開議題、引導教學亮點及義務教育行進方向、進行職務調整與管理、推動校內發展教師專業社群。(2)影響校務評鑑過程性應用之因素為:教師定位不清、領導者是否重視評鑑心態、校內人力配置與教師角色認知、溝通管道是否暢通、對評鑑認知是否足夠。影響校務評鑑結果性應用之因素為:評鑑建議是否符合現場狀況、校長聘期是否配合評鑑期程、行政人員頻繁更替、政策規定是否具強制性。(3)不同利害關係人對校務評鑑應用之觀點,校長觀點為:設評鑑為目標導向並提供實質優惠、校務評鑑不應做為校長遴選參考、提高教師實質參與度,以便受益於評鑑。行政觀點為:教育局應協助學校推行評鑑結果性應用、宜關注「教師專業發展」面向,以激發教師對評鑑參與度、整合同項目評鑑,使評鑑應用聚焦並提高使用率。教師觀點為:教師為協助角色,評鑑為行政統籌分配、修訂評鑑指標以適合教學現場應用。
研究結論(1)學校端實際應用校務評鑑之現況:準備評鑑過程能發揮正向功能、督促平日校務正常運作、提升資訊設備使用率及操作能力、教師經由評鑑指標留意教學方向、提供校務經營方向、引起利害關係人對校務發展的重視、引導義務教育行進方向、職務調整適才適所、敘述統計報告提供校務研究參考、以評鑑結果做為政策推行令箭。(2)影響校務評鑑應用之因素:教師在校務評鑑中定位不清,影響評鑑應用協商、領導者心態之個人因素、校內團體動力影響評鑑應用深度、溝通管道左右利害關係人對評鑑觀感及配合度、對評鑑的認知影響運用評鑑之能力、評鑑建議是否具實質效用、利害關係人頻繁更替影響評鑑應用、政策規定使學校端力不從心。(3)不同利害關係人對校務評鑑應用之觀點依校長、行政、教師各異。最後依據上述結論對教育行政主管機關及學校提出建議。
關鍵字:校務評鑑、評鑑應用
A Study on the Uses of School Evaluations in
New Taipei Municipal Junior High Schools
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the uses of school evaluations in New Taipei municipal junior high schools, the influencing factors, and the standpoints of different stakeholders on the uses of school evaluations. The study used qualitative research methods to interview fifteen principals, administrators, and teachers, in New Taipei municipal junior high schools.
This research led to three main conclusions. First, school evaluations were used to adjust teaching conditions and renovate campuses, diagnose the schools’ working environments, enhance users’ abilities to use information technology (IT) devices, help teachers organize teaching directions, and use the survey data as a reference for school management. The findings of school evaluations were used to envisage school development, make school issues public, guide the direction of teaching highlights and compulsory education, adjust employees’ positions and management arrangements, and pro-mote the Teachers’ Professional Development Community. Second, factors that influenced use of the process were that teachers’ roles are unclear, as are the leaders’ attitudes, human resource arrangements, teachers’ cognition, communication channels, and the adequacy of the thought given to evaluations. Factors that influenced use of the findings included the pertinence of the suggestions made on the evaluations, the terms of principals, the frequent switchovers of administrators, and policy obligations. Third, the standpoints of different stakeholders on the uses of school evaluations are summarized. From the principals’ standpoint, the Education Bureau should set goal-oriented evaluations, and provide substantial benefits. Evaluations should not be used to select principals; evaluations should be used to improve teachers’ participation and derive benefits from the evaluations. From the administrators’ standpoint, the Education Bureau should assist schools by implementing the findings of the evaluations, and policy should focus on teachers’ professional development, in order to stimulate their participation, and to improve the uses of made of evaluations by integrating evaluation projects. From the teachers’ standpoint, administrators should lead the use of evaluations, by drafting proper indexes for teaching applications.
The research results can be summarized under three categories. First, the uses of school evaluations include the finding that the process of preparing evaluations plays a positive role, facilitates the supervision of school affairs, enhances the operating capabilities of IT equipment, guides the teaching direction according to an evaluation index, provides direction for school management, makes stakeholders place importance on school development, guides the direction of compulsory education, and adjusts positions as appropriate. Statistical data are used as a reference for institutional research, and evaluations are used to implement authorized policies. Second, factors that influence the uses made of school evaluations are that teachers’ unclear roles influence the negotiation process, leaders’ personal factors and group dynamics affect the extent to which school evaluations are used, communication channels influence stakeholders’ ideas and cooperation, and the cognitive aspects of evaluations impact the abilities of users. Other factors include the pertinence of the evaluations’ suggestions, the frequent replacement of stakeholders, and policies that hamper the use of findings. Third, the standpoints of stakeholders on the uses of school evaluations are specific to principals, administrators, and teachers. Finally, this study provides some suggestions for education authorities and schools.
Keywords: School evaluation, the uses of evaluation
參考文獻
中文文獻
王明源(2008)。大學校務評鑑之後設評鑑研究:以教育部93年度大學校院校務評鑑為例。國立臺北教育大學教育政策與管理研究所碩士學位論文。未出版。臺北市。
王保進(2001)。國民中小學校務評鑑模式之內涵分析。教育研究,91,51-62。
王保進(2003)。國民中小學校務評鑑現況與重要議題之省思。現代教育論壇,8,279-291。
王瑞壎(2009)。美國高等教育評鑑制度。臺北市:臺灣評鑑協會。
王睿君(2000)。國民中學校務評鑑之探討-以高雄市國民中學八十六學年度校務評鑑為例。高雄大學。未出版碩士論文。
王麗雲(2006)。教育研究應用:教育研究、政策與實務的銜接。臺北市:心理出版。
王麗雲、魯先華、林騰蛟、龔雅雯(2014)。國民中小學校務評鑑之現況與展望。縣市政府教育立與教育發展研討會。
池俊吉(2012)。美國高等教育認可組織之認可制度:發展與挑戰。評鑑雙月刊,35。
池俊吉(2013)。美國認可制評鑑的公權力探析。評鑑雙月刊。44,42。
吳明清(1990)。教育評鑑在教育決策的應用—一個概念架構的說明。現代教育季刊,20,46-55。
吳清山(2000a)。學校基效責任的理念與策略。學校行政,6,3-13。
吳清山(2000b)。教育發展研究。臺北市:元照。
吳清山(2000c)。校務評鑑的實施挑戰與因應策略。教師天地,117,6-14。
吳清山、王湘栗(2004)。教育評鑑的概念與發展。教育資料集刊,29,1-26。
吳清山、林天祐(2000)。校務評鑑。教育資料與研究,44,132-133。
李雯智(2007)。Patton「以利用為焦點的評鑑」之探討與應用—以國內教育評鑑論文為例。學校行政雙月刊,49,136-149。
林天祐(2001)。教育評鑑的理念分析。教育研究月刊,91,36-44。
林邵仁(2008)。教育評鑑:標準的發展與探索。臺北市:心理。
屏東縣政府(2008)。屏東縣97年國民小學校務評鑑實施要點。屏東:屏東縣政府教育處。
柯雅菱(2007)。完全中學校務評鑑之研究-以臺北縣為例。國立臺灣師範大學碩士學位論文。未出版。臺北市。
孫志麟(2004)。教育政策與評鑑研究-追求卓越。臺北市:學富文化。
桃園縣政府(2009)。桃園縣98學年度中小學校務評鑑實施計畫。桃園:桃園縣政府教育局。
秦夢群(1997)。教育行政-理論部分。臺北:五南。
秦夢群(1998)。臺灣大學評鑑制度的分析與檢討。臺北:師大書苑。
秦夢群(2000)。教育行政-實務部分。臺北:五南。
高雄市政府(2014)。高雄市103學年度國民中學學校評鑑計畫。高雄:高雄市政府教育局。
教育部統計處各級學校基本資料(2015)。取自http://depart.moe.edu.tw/ED4500/News_Content.aspx?n=5A930C32CC6C3818&sms=91B3AAE8C6388B96&s=159044407A762F30
基隆市政府(2011)。基隆市100至103學年度國民中小學校務評鑑專案評鑑手冊。基隆:基隆市政府教育處。
張德銳(1998)。以校長評鑑提升辦學品質-談校長評鑑的目的、規準與程序。教師天地,96,4-8。
畢恆達(2010)。教授為什麼沒告訴我。新北:小畢空間。
郭昭佑(2000a)。學校本位評鑑。臺北市:五南。
郭昭佑(2000b)。學校層級評鑑之問題探究-以臺北縣八十七學年度校務評鑑為例。國立政治大學學報,81,31-72。
陳玉琨(2004)。教育評鑑學。臺北市:五南。
陳憲傳(2005)。台北縣國民中學校務評鑑現況之研究。國立政治大學學校行政碩士班學位論文。未出版。臺北市。
曾淑惠(2002a)。高級中等學校評鑑分析。技術及職業教育雙月刊,70,2-9。
曾淑惠(2002b)。教育方案評鑑。臺北市:師大書苑。
曾淑惠(2004)。教育評鑑模式。臺北市:心理出版。
曾淑惠(2008)。教育評鑑:理論與實務的對話。臺北市:師大書苑。
曾淑惠(2012)。高等教育評鑑倫理議題與分析。載於吳清山等合著。我國高等教育評鑑發展與實務(頁57-74)。臺北市:財團法人高等教育評鑑中心基金會。
湯志民(2002)。臺北市國民中學校務評鑑之評析。初等教育學刊,11,25-50。
湯堯(2001)。論述英國教育標準辦公室之評鑑內容與制度。發表於國立新竹師範學院初教育學系、國民教育研究所主辦「第八次教育行政論壇」。
雲林縣政府(2011)。雲林縣100至102學年度國民中小學校務評鑑實施計畫。雲林:雲林縣政府教育處。
黃光雄(1989)。評鑑導論。臺北市:師大書苑。
黃光雄(2000)。教育概論。臺北市:師大書苑
黃武鎮(1980)。教學正常化評鑑之實施。師友月刊,160,34-39。
黃政傑(1993)。國民小學教育評鑑之研究。國科會微縮小組。
黃政傑(1994)。教育資源的理念與問題。臺灣教育。528,8-19。
黃曙東(2006)。評鑑學術巨擘 Dr.Daniel Stufflebeam。評鑑雙月刊,3,44-46。
新北市政府(2012)。新北市101下至105上國中小校務評鑑實施計畫。取自https://ntcse.cher.ntnu.edu.tw/news/document.html
新北市統計資料庫境內國民中學概況(2015)。取自http://ebas1.ebas.gov.tw/pxweb2007P/Dialog/Statfile9C.asp?strCC=01
新竹縣政府(2014)。新竹縣103學年度中小學校務評鑑實施計畫。新竹:新竹縣政府教育處。
溫明麗(2005)。英國教育評鑑之後設分析。臺北市:教育評鑑回顧與展望學術研討會論文集,74-84。
葉忠達譯(2005)。以實際應用為焦點的評鑑。臺北:高等教育。
彰化縣政府(2006)。彰化縣95學年度國民中小學試辦校務評鑑實施計畫。彰化:彰化縣政府教育處。
臺中市政府(2015a)。臺中市中小學校務評鑑-發展亮點學校整體計畫。取自 http://www.tc.edu.tw/docs/download/id/10057
臺中市政府(2015b)。臺中市中小學校務評鑑-發展亮點學校整體計畫。取自
http://140.128.220.3/tces/index.php/evaluation/plan/2014-10-20-04-22-13
臺北縣政府教育局(2004)。臺北縣九十三學年度縣立中小學校務評鑑複評學校研習手冊。臺北:臺北縣政府教育局。
臺北市政府(2014)。臺北市國民中學校務評鑑計畫。取自
http://www.doe.gov.taipei/lp.asp?ctNode=86539&CtUnit=19270&BaseDSD=56&mp=104001
劉秀曦(2008)。英國高等教育評鑑制度。臺北市:臺灣評鑑協會
潘道仁(2009)。國民中學校務評鑑指標與城鄉權重體系建構之研究。國立高雄師範大學博士學位論文。未出版。高雄市。
潘慧玲(1999)。教育研究在教育決策中的定位與展望。理論與政策,13(2),1-15。
潘慧玲(2002)。方案評鑑的緣起與概念。教師天地,117,26-31。
潘慧玲(2003a)。從學校評鑑談到學校本位課程評鑑。北縣教育,46,32-36。
潘慧玲(2003b)。教育評鑑之概念釐清與展望。教育研究月刊,112,22-30。
潘慧玲(2005)。教育評鑑的回顧與展望。臺北市:心理出版。
潘慧玲(2006)。以評鑑促進學校之革新。載於吳武典、高強華(主編), 優質、創新與前瞻—郭為藩教授七秩華誕祝壽論文輯(頁337-351)。 臺北市:學富。
潘慧玲、陳文彥(2010)。教師專業發展評鑑促進組織學習之個案研究。教育研究集刊,56(3),29-65。
蔡啟達(2008)。教學評鑑理論與實施。臺北市:五南。
鄭崇趁(2002)。校務評鑑與知識管理。教師天地,117。21-25。
鄭崇趁(2006)。國民中小學校務評鑑指標及實施方式研究。 臺北:心理。
鄭淑惠(2007)。探究評鑑如何影響教師的專業成長-以個案研究為例。載於中華民國師範教育學會(主編),教師評鑑與專業成長(頁93 - 125)。臺北:心理。
鄭淑惠(2009)。教育評鑑的效用性:促進組織學習的觀點。新竹教育大學教育學報,26(2),57-88。
鄭淑惠(2015)。國民中小學校務經營中的自我評鑑現況研究,教育行政與評鑑學刊,17,67-85。
親子天下(2012)。縣市教育力評比報告。取自http://www.cw.com.tw/article/article.action?id=5042285
盧增緒(1985)。教育評鑑初探。師大學報,30,115-148。
盧增緒(1993)。教育評鑑的問題與趨向。載於伍振鷟(主編),教育評鑑(頁13-38)。臺北:南宏圖書。
盧增緒(1995)。論教育評鑑觀念之形成。載於中國教育學會(主編),教育評鑑(頁3-59)。臺北市:師大書苑。
謝文全(2004)。教育行政學。臺北市:高等教育。
顏若映(1997)。大學評鑑模式(一)認可制度。載於陳漢強(主編),大學評鑑(頁219-256)。臺北市:五南。
蘇慧雯(2003)。臺北市幼稚園後設評鑑之研究。台北市立師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文。
謝文全(1990)。學校行政。臺北:五南。
蘇錦麗(1997)。高等教育評鑑:理論與實際。臺北市:五南。
蘇錦麗(2003)。談教育評鑑之專業性,教育研究月刊,112,31-36。
蘇錦麗(2008)。一路走來,始終如一:美國認可制之自願性高等教育品質保證機制。評鑑雙月刊,16,13-16。
蘇錦麗(2009)。美國WASC採行的「學生學習成果本位評估模式」。評鑑雙月刊,22,37-41。
蘇錦麗(審訂)(2005)。評鑑模式:教育及人力服務的評鑑觀點(原編者:D. L. Stufflebeam, G. F. Madaus, & T. Kellaghan)。臺北市:高等教育。
蘇錦麗、楊正誠(2011)。美國WASC採行之「成果本位」學程評鑑。評鑑雙月刊,30,35-39。
英文文獻
Accreditation Commission for school, Western Association of Schools and Colleges, Focus on learning (2014) , retrieved from http://www.acswasc.org/pdf_general/WASC_AccreditationStatusExplanation.pdf
Alan Ginsburg & Nancy Rhett (2003), Building a Better Body of Evidence: New Opportunities to Strengthen Evaluation Utilization, AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EVALUATION, 24(4), pp. 489–498
Alkin and Richard H. Daillak (1979). Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, Vol. 1, No. 4 (Jul. - Aug., 1979), pp. 41-49
Alkin, M. C., & Christie, C. A. (2004). An evaluation theory tree. In M. C. Alkin(Ed.), Evaluation roots: Tracing theorists’ views and influences (pp. 12-65).
Alkin, M. C., & Taut, S. M. (2003). Unbundling evaluation use. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 29 (1), 1-12.
Amo, C., & Cousins, J. B. (2007). Going through the process: An examination of the operationalization of process use in empirical research on evaluation. New Directions for Evaluation, 116, 5-26.
Armstrong, R., Cornell, T. D., Kraner, R., & Roberson, E. W. (1971). A scheme for evaluation. In E. W. Roberson (Ed), Educational accountability through evaluation(pp.19-30). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology Publications. Inc.
Baba, M. (1995). Current Issues in Japanese University Evaluation. Paper presented at the Accreditation of Teacher Education Seminar, Taipei.
Briggs, C. L. (1986). Learning How to Ask. Cambeidge, UK: Cambeidge University Press.
Brightman H., & Noble, C. (1979). On the ineffectve education of decision scientists. Decision Sciences, 10, 151-157.
Chen, K. (2007). Institutional evaluation and its influence on organizational learning. New Information Perspectives, 59 (1), 5-25.
Cherin, D., & Meezan, W. (1998). Evaluation as a means of organizational learning. Administration in Social Work, 22 (2), 1-21.
Cousins, J. B. (1998). Organizational consequences of participatory evaluation : School district case study. In K. Leithwood & K. S. Louis (Eds.), Organizational learning in schools (pp. 127-148). Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.
Cronbach, L. J. & Associates (1980). Toward reform of program evaluation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Cronbach, L. J. (1963). Course improvement through evaluation. Teachers College Record, 64, 672-683.
Cronbach, L. J. (1982). Designing evaluations of educational and social programs. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.
Cuttance, P. (1994). Monitoring educational quality through performance indicators for school practice. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 5(2), 101-126.
Denzin N. K. & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, Sage.
Education and Employment Committee (1999). The work of OFSTED. London: The Stationery Office.
Fetterman, D. M. (1994). Empowerment evaluation: Presidential address. Evaluation Practice, 15(1), 1-15.
Forss, K., Cracknell, B., & Samset, K. (1994). Can evaluation help an organization to learn? Evaluation Review, 18 (5), 574-591.
Forss, K., Rebien, C. C., & Clarlsson, J. (2002). Process use of evaluations: Types of use that precede lessons learned and feedback. Evaluation, 8 (1), 29-45.
Frazer, M. (1992). Quality Assurance in High Education. In A. Craft (Ed.). Quality Assurance in Higher Education: Proceedings of an International Conference. London: The Falmer Press.
Greene, J. G. (1988). Stakeholder participation and utilization in program evaluation. Evaluation Review, 12 (2), 91-116.
Guba, E. G., & Lincole, Y. S.(1989).Fourth generation evaluation. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1981). Effective evaluation: Improving the usefulness of evaluation results through responsive and naturalistic approaches. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Hofstetter, C. H., & Alkin, M. C. (2003). Evaluation use revisited. In T. Kellaghan & D. L. Stufflebeam (Eds.), International handbook of educational evaluation (pp. 197-222). Dordrecht, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Hopkins, D. (1989). Evaluation for school development. Philadelphia: Open University Press
House, E. R. (1980). Evaluating with validity. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. New York: Macmillan Publishing.
House, E. R. (1980). Evaluating with validity. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
House, E. R. (1993). Professional evaluation -Social impact and political consequences. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Johnstone, J. N. (1981). Indicators fo education system. London: Kogan Page Press.
Kearney, C. P. (1992). The accreditation of colleges and universities: Some American experience.
Kells, H. R. (1983). Self-study process: A guide for post-secondary institution (2nd ed.). New York: Macmillan Publishing.
Kells, H. R. (1984). Self-study process. New York: The American Council on Education and Macmillan.
Kells, H. R. (1995). Self-study process: A guide for postsecondary and similar Ser-viced-oriented institutions and program. New York: The Oryx Press.
Kirkhart, K. E. (2000). Reconceptualizing evaluation use: An integrated theory of influence. New Directions for Evaluation, 88, 5-23.
Kvale, S. (1996). InterViews: An introduction to qualitative research interviewing. Thousand Oaks, Sage.
Landsheere, G. (1975). Educational research and development in Europe. Review of Research in Education, 3, 110-13.
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Marshall, C. & Rossman, G. (2006). Designing qualitative research (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Miles, M. B. & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Neuman, W. L. (2003). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative ap-proaches (5th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Nevo, D. (1995). School-based evaluation: A dialogue for school improvement. New York: Pergamon.
Ofsted(2014a). The framework for school inspection, Ofsted. http://www.acswasc.org/pdf_general/WASC_AccreditationStatusExplanation.pdf
Ofsted(2014b). School inspection handbook, Ofsted.
Pattn, M.Q. (2000) Utilization-focused evaluation. In D. L. Stufflebeam, G. F. Madaus, & T. Kellaghan(Eds.), Evaluation models: Viewpoint on educational and human services evaluation. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Patton, M. Q. (1989). A context and boundaries for a theory-driven approach to va-lidity. Evaluation and Program Planning, 12(4), 375-377.
Patton, M. Q. (1997a). Utilization-focused evaluation: The new century text (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Patton, M. Q. (1997b). Toward distinguishing empowerment evaluation and placing it in a larger context. Evaluation Practice, 18(2), 147-163.
Patton, M. Q. (1998). Discovering process use. Evaluation, 4(2), 225-233. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Peck, H. (1981). Report in the Certification of Evaluators in Louisiana. Paper presented at the meeting of the Southern Educationak Research Association, Lexington, Kenucky.
Preskill, H., Zuckerman, B., & Matthews, B. (2003). An exploratory study of process use: Findings and implications for further research. American Journal of Evaluation, 24 (4), 423-442.
Reeve, J., & Peerbhoy, D. (2007). Evaluating the evaluation: Understanding the utility and limitations of evaluation as a tool for organizational learning. Health Education Journal, 66 (2), 120-131.
Ricardo Ramírez and Dal Brodhead (2013), Utilization Focused Evaluation:A primer for evaluators, Southbound Sdn. Bhd.
Robert D. Brown, Dianna L. Newman and Linda S. Rivers (1984). A Decisionmaking Context Model for Enhancing Evaluation Utilization. Educational Evaluation and Poli-cy Analysis, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 393-400.
Sanders, J. R. (2002). Presidential address: On mainstreaming evaluation. American Journal of Evaluation, 23(3), 1-19.
Sanders, J. R. (2003). Mainstreaming evaluation. New Directions for Evaluation, 99, 3-6.
Seidman, I. (2006). Interviewing as qualitative research: A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences (3rd ed.). New York: Teachers College, Columbia University.
Stufflebeam, D. L. (1971). The relevance of the CIPP evaluation model for educa-tional accountability. Journal of Research and Development in Education, 5(1), 19-25.
Stufflebeam, D. L. (1994). Empowerment evaluation, objectivist evaluation, and evaluation standards: Where the future of evaluation should not go and where it needs to go. Evaluation Practice, 15(3), 321-338.
Stufflebeam, D. L. (2003). Institutionalizing evaluation in schools. In T. Kellaghan, D. L. Stufflebeam, & L. A. Wingate (Eds.), International handbook of educational evaluation: Part Two: Practice (pp.775-805). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer.
Stufflebeam, D. L. Madaus, G. F., & Kellaghan, T. (2000). Evaluation models: Viewpoints on educational and human services evaluation (2nd ed.), 425-438. Boston: Kluwer Academic.
Stufflebeam, D. L., & Madaus, G. F. (1988). Educational evaluation: The classical writing of Ralph W. Tyler. Boston: kluwer-Nijhoff.
Terry D. T. (1974). Evaluation: A Practical Guide for Teach-ers. Mcgraw-Hill Publishing.
Thornton, B., Shepperson, T., & Canavero, S. (2007). A systems approach to school improvement: Program evaluation and organizational learning. Education, 128(1), 48- 55.
Torres, R. T., & Preskill, H. (2001). Evaluation and organizational learning: Past, present, and future. American Journal of Evaluation, 22(3), 387-395.
Tyack, D., & Hansot, E. (1982). Managers of virtue. New York: Basic Books.
Ville Valovirta (2002), Evaluation Utilization as Argumentation, London:Sage.
WASC(2014) http://www.acswasc.org/why-accreditation/
Western Association of Schools and Colleges, (2013), Initial Visit Procedures Manual, U.S.: California.
Worthen, B. R., Sanders, J. R. & Fitzpatrick, J. L. (1997). Program evaluation: Al-ternative approaches and practical guidelines (2nd ed.). New York: Longman.
Young, K.E. (1983). Prologe: The Changing Scope of Accreditation. In K.E. Young, C.M. Chamber, H. R. Kells and Associates (Eds.) Understanding Accreditation. San Francisco, CA: Jessey-Bass.