身體活動（physical activity）對身體骨質保存的影響在機械性、物理性機制方面有相當大的貢獻，並可以預防骨質疏鬆症（osteoporosis）。人體中鈣質（Ca2+）為不可或缺的營養素，而人體內調節體內Ca2+濃度的激素，可維持體內Ca2+的恆定，包括副甲狀腺素（parathyroid hormone，PTH）和降血鈣激素（calcitonin，CT）。副甲狀線素使血液中Ca2+濃度升高，而降血鈣激素則使血鈣濃度下降；這二種激素主要作用在調控血液中游離鈣（free ionized calcium）的平衡。本研究目的在探討（1）不同身體活動對骨質密度的影響，（2）不同身體活動者從事急性高阻力的肌力運動和最大耐力運動時對人體血液酸鹼值、血鈣、血漿中游離鈣、副甲狀腺素和降鈣激素的影響。十九名受試者，其中九位為高身體活動組（實驗組），平均訓練年資為 5.93.4年，並維持每週三次以上的跑步訓練。另十名為為低身體活動量組（控制組），在一年內無規律運動習慣。本研究的受試者，分別接受耐力性與肌力性二種不同運動方式後，測量依變項的變化，並以二因子共變數分析（two-way ANCOVA）比較肌力性（離心收縮）和耐力性運動（最大峰值耗氧量）前後對不同身體活動者各依變項（副甲狀腺素、降鈣激素、游離鈣、血鈣濃度和血液pH值）的影響。結果如下：（1）長時間規律且較高的身體活動有助於增加心肺功能與肌肉力量。（2）持續長時間需要負載身體重量的運動有助於骨質的維持與增加。（3）平時活動量較低者，在從事運動時越偏向無氧性的運動（肌力性運動），對於血液中鈣離子增加的刺激越明顯。（4）不同運動型態與不同身體活動量對身體調節激素並無顯著的作用。（5）身體活動量的高低是影響骨質密度重要的因素，高強度肌力性運動對身體血清游離鈣、血液酸鹼度的刺激對於骨質密度的促進有加成的效果。結論：維持規律的高身體活動量有助於提高骨質密度。而肌力性運動對於身體骨質保存除物理性的機制外，肌力運動時血清游離鈣、血液酸鹼度的生化改變對於骨質保存亦有正面的影響。

Physical activity has been shown to maintain bone mineral density (BMD) through the effects of mechanical loading on bone metabolism. However, the effects of exercise on the calcium-regulating hormones and other metabolic variables are not known. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of strength and endurance exercise on blood pH, total serum calcium, ionized calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT) between males of different physical activity. Experimental group consisted of 9 very active males (runners) and the control group consisted of 10 males with no regular exercise within a year. Subjects were asked to perform both strength (eccentric action) and endurance exercises (VO2 peak). The blood pH, total serum calcium, ionized calcium, PTH and CT were measured before and after exercise. A two-way ANCOVA was used for data analysis. The results were as follow:（1）High physical activity with regular exercise can increase cardiovascular function and muscle strength.（2）Exercise with weights helps to maintain and increase bone density.（3）When low level of physical activity male did anaerobic exercise, the free ionized calcium will increase significantly (p<.o5).（4）Mode and intensity of physical activities have no significant effect on body’s regulating hormones.（5）Physical activity level is the major factor on bone density. High level of physical activity plus strength exercise can have additive effect on bone density. Conclusions: Regular high intensity exercise will help increase bone density. Strength exercise can maintain bone density not only through mechanical loading, but also through biochemical changes in free ionized calcium, blood pH which can positively affect bone density.

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