The primary purposes of this study are to investigate whether the international students in Taiwan and Taiwanese university students vary in their level of intercultural competence, and explored the relationship among students’ background, educational background, previous international experience and intercultural competence level of international students and Taiwanese university students in Taiwan.
To fulfill the research purposes, quantitative approach was adopted as the main approach in this study. The questionnaire developed by the researcher based on literature was employed to assess the intercultural competence level of Taiwanese university students and international students in Taiwan. According to the result of this study, the researcher found that more than half of the students with the middle intercultural competence level, and students low intercultural competence level are relatively more than the students with high intercultural competence level. In addition, different groups of gender, academic major, language proficiency, and previous international experience have significant difference on students’ intercultural competences.

Bennett, J. M. (1993). Cultural marginality: Identity issues in intercultural training. In R. M. Paige (Ed.), Education for the intercultural experience. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.
Bennett, M. (1998). Basic concepts of intercultural communication. London: Nicholas Brealey Intercultural Press.
Bennett. J. M., & Bennett. M. J. (2001). Developing intercultural sensitivity: an integrative approach to global and domestic diversity. In The diversity symposium proceedings: An interim step toward a conceptual framework for the practice of diversity. Waltham, MA: Bentley College.
Berger, P., & Luckmann, T. (1967). The social construction of reality. Garden City, NY:Doubleday.
Black, J.S., & Mendenhall, M. (1990). Cross-cultural training effectiveness: a review and a theoretical framework for future research. Academy of Management Review, 15(1), 113-136.
Black, J.S., Mendenhall, M., & Oddou, G. (1990). Toward a comprehensive model of international adjustment: an integration of multiple theoretical perspectives. Academy of Management Review, 16(2), 291-317.
Bowden, J., & Marton, F. (1998). The university of learning. London: Kogan Page.
Bradford, L., Allen, M., & Beisser, K. R. (2000). Meta-analysis of intercultural communication competence research. World Communication, 29 (1), 28-51.
Byram, M. (1997). Teaching and Assessing Intercultural Communicative Competence. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Chen, G. M. (1988). Relationships of the dimensions of intercultural communication competence. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the eastern communication association, Baltimore, MD.
Chen, G. M. & Starosta, W. J. (1996). Intercultural communication competence: A synthesis. Communication Yearbook, 19, 353-384.
Chen, G. M. & Starosta, W. J. (1997). A review of the concept of intercultural sensitivity. Human Communication, 1, 1-16.
Chen, G. M., & Starosta, W. J. (2000). The development and validation of the intercultural communication sensitivity scale. Human Communication, 3, 1-15.
Chen, G. M., & Starosta, W. J. (2003). A review of the concept of intercultural awareness. In L. A. Samovar and R. E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural communication: A reader (pp. 344-353). Belmont , CA : Wadsworth .
Deardorff, D. K. (2004). The identification and assessment of intercultural competence as a student outcome of internationalization at institutions of higher education in the United States. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, North Carolina State University, Carolina.
Fantini, A. E., Arias-Galicia, F., & Guay, D. (2000). Globalization and 21st century competencies: Challenges for North American higher education. Consortium for North American Higher Education Collaboration Working Paper Series on Higher Education in Mexico, Canada and the United States (Working Paper No. 11). Boulder: Western Interstate Commission on Higher Education
Gertsen, M. C. (1990). Intercultural competence and expatriates. International Journal of Human Resources Management, 11(3), 341–362.
Hammer, M. R. (1999). Cross-cultural training: The research connection. In Fowler, S. M. (Ed.), Intercultural sourcebook: Cross-cultural training methods, vol. 2 (pp.1-18). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.
Hammer, M. R. (2003). A measure of intercultural sensitivity: The Intercultural Development Inventory. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 27, 421-443.
Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications:
Johnson, J. P., Lenartowicz, T., & Apud, S. (2006). Cross-cultural competence in international business: Toward a definition and a model, Journal of International Business Studies, 37, 525-543.
Kim, Y. Y. (2005). Inquiry in intercultural and development communication. Journal of Communication, 55, 554-577.
King, P. M., & Magolda, M. B. B. (2005). A Developmental Model of Intercultural Maturity, Journal of College Student Development, 46(6), 571-592.
Leiba-O’Sullivan, S. (1990). The distinction between stable and dynamic cross-cultural competencies: Implications for Expatriate Trainability. Journal of International Business Studies, 30(4), 709-725.
Lustig, M. W. & Koester, J. (2006). Intercultural competence – Interpersonal communication across cultures, (5th ed.). Boston, New York, San Francisco: Pearson Education Inc.
Peng, H., Lu, W. H., & Wang C. L. (2009). A framework for assessing high school students' intercultural communicative competence in a computer-mediated language learning project. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 20(1), 95-116.
Pope, R. L., Reynolds, A. L. & Mueller, J. (2004). Multicultural competence in student affairs. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Peters, L. H., Greer, C. R., & Youngblood, S. A. (1997). The Blackwell encyclopedia dictionary of human resource management. (Eds.) Oxford, England: Blackwell Publishers.
Rathje, S. (2007). Intercultural competence – Status and future of a controversial concept. Language and Intercultural Communication (LAIC), 7(4), 254-266.
Shaftel, J., Shaftel, T., & Ahluwalia, R. (2007). International educational experience and intercultural competence. International Journal of Business & Economics, 6(1), 25-34.
Sinicrope, C., Norris, J., & Watanabe, Y. (2007). Understanding and assessing intercultural competence: A summary of theory, research, and practice (Technical report for the foreign language program evaluation project). Second Language Studies, 26(1), 1-58.
Spreitzer, G. M., McCall, M. W., & Mahoney, J. D. (1997). Early identification of international executive potential. Journal of Applies Psychology, 82(1), 6-29.
Spitzberg, B. H. (1994). A model of intercultural communication competence. In L. A. Samovar & R. E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural communication: A reader (pp.347-359). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Spitzberg, B. H., & Cupach, W. R. (1984). Interpersonal communication competence. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Wiseman, R. L. (2001). Intercultural Communication Competence. In W. Gudykunst & B. Mody (Eds.), Handbook of Intercultural and International Communication. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
Wiseman, R. L. & Koester, J. (1993). Intercultural Communication Competence. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
姜麗娟(2009)。國內高等教育課程國際化現況之調查研究。教育經營與管理研究集刊，5，1-40。
潘瑛如(2007)。大學生全球化之認知能力研究。國立台灣師範大學工業科技教育學系在職進修碩士班碩士論文，未出版，台北。
譚丹若（2007）。國際高等教育：國際學生在台學習成就滿意度之研究。國立台灣師範大學國際人力教育與發展研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北。
施振榮 (2002)。培育全球化人才：以國際級人才面對全球化趨勢。全球高峰論壇會。取自: http://www.epoch.org.tw/pdf/seminar_2002_01_12.pdf