研究生: |
鄭榮輝 Jun-Hui Cheng |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
職前教師對生物倫理教育的認知與態度 The Preservice Teacher's Knowledge and Attitude to Bioethics Education |
指導教授: | 林陳涌 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
生命科學系 Department of Life Science |
論文出版年: | 2000 |
畢業學年度: | 88 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 163 |
中文關鍵詞: | 生物倫理學 、生物倫理議題 、生物倫理教育 、價值教育 |
英文關鍵詞: | bioethics, bioethical issues, bioethics education, values education |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:172 下載:31 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
摘 要
本研究在理論上主張應在科學教育中加入「生物倫理教育」之價值教育,並將生物倫理教育的內容分為知識、價值與方法三個面向來探討。實證研究採取調查研究法,以立意取樣(judgemental sampling)選取台北地區師範院校中小學各科職前教師共404人為樣本,利用自編之「生物倫理教育問卷」(Bioethics Education Questionnaire)為調查工具,探討職前教師對生物科技之認知、對生物倫理議題之態度與對生物倫理教育之意見。
由研究結果顯示,「生物倫理」一詞在職前教師心中有不同的形象(images),生物科技具有高度的社會關連(social relevance),不同生物科技所造成的社會/倫理衝擊之程度與性質有異。在態度上,職前教師多對生物科技抱持部分(有條件)贊成的態度,但是否親身涉入情境將影響其態度。此外,基因操弄的對象物種不同會影響職前教師的態度。
在對生物倫理教育之意見上,職前教師均表示願意教、認為重要、應該教與可行性高,且認為其目標應注重在生物科技所引發的社會/倫理衝擊與面對此衝擊時做倫理決策的能力,並兼顧自主權與社會共識。此外,課程安排以融入式為佳,並在各個年齡階段的學生均可開始實施。又生物倫理教育與目前中學的生物科有最大的相關性,但兼具跨學科的特性,其教材範圍、資訊來源、教學法均十分多元。於研究結果中亦顯示,性別、學校與科系等因素會影響職前教師對生物倫理教育的認知與態度,生物系職前教師對生物科技的認知程度較高,對所造成之社會/倫理衝擊較能表達明確態度,並對生物倫理教育有較高的施行意願,較能經由各種管道取得相關的教學資源。
藉由本研究提出的結論與建議,除可做未來課程建構之初步基礎外,亦對有志從事生物倫理教育之教師有參考的作用。
Abstract
This study advocates for the value of including bioethics education in science education, and suggests inclusion of knowledge, value, and methodology in the content of bioethics education. This empirical study applied the judgmental sampling method to collect survey data from 404 elementary and high school pre-service teachers from the metropolitan Taipei area. The measurement used was the "Bioethics Education Questionnaire" developed for this study. This questionnaire is designed to investigate the pre-service teachers' recognitions of bio-technology, their attitudes toward bioethical issues, and their opinions toward bioethics education.
The results of this study indicated that the term "bioethics education" has different images for different pre-service teachers. Moreover, bio-technology was shown to have high social relevance, and different bio-technologies have different levels of impact on social ethics. In terms of their attitudes, most of the pre-services teachers partially (conditionally) support the bio-technology. However, whether they are personally involved in such a technology has a significant impact on their attitudes toward bio-technology. In addition, their attitudes also vary depending upon the objects and species under gene manipulation.
In terms of their opinion toward bioethics education, most of the pre-service teachers indicated that they are willing to teach such a subject. They agreed that it is an important subject which should be taught and that it is highly possible to develop such a curriculum. They also agreed that the content areas should include the ethical conflicts caused by bio-technology, the ability to make ethical decisions when faced with such conflicts, and the ability to make decisions balancing individual beliefs and societal rules. In addition, the method of teaching should be incorporative and should be included in the curriculum of different grade levels. Although bioethics education has the most relevance within the subject of high school biology, it can also be taught across different subjects, different content areas, using different information resources, and applying different teaching methods. This study also indicated that the participants' gender, the universities they enrolled in, and different areas of study, all have significant impacts on the results of this study. For example, the pre-service teachers who are majoring in biology have more knowledge of bio-technology and have clearer attitudes toward the impacts of bio-technology on social ethics. They are also more motivated in teaching bioethics, and more able to gather relevant teaching materials from various resources.
The conclusions and suggestions of this study not only can serve as the basic structure for the future bioethics education curriculum, but also can serve as an useful consultation tool for teachers who are interested in bioethics education.
參考文獻
一、中文部分
王文科(1998):教育研究法(增定四版)。台北:五南。
李金泉(1997):如何精通SPSS For Windows統計分析-統計分析篇。台北:松崗。
李茂興譯(1998):教學心理學。台北:弘智,譯自Lefrancois, G.R.。
沈清松(1997):論複製人的倫理問題。哲學雜誌,21,232-254。
沈六(1985):道德認知與教學。台灣教育,412,6-12。
何畫瑰譯(1999):科技倫理。台北:韋伯,譯自Resnik, D.B.。
吳明清(1998):教育研究-基本觀念與方法分析。台北:五南。
邱連煌(1996):價值澄清與學生管教。國教天地,117,34-42。
林清山(1981):心理與教育統計學。台北:東華。
林逢祺譯(1996):哲學概論。台北:桂冠,譯自McInnerney, P.K.。
涂可欣譯(1999):看!這就是生物學。台北:天下,譯自Mayr, E.。
孫效智(1999):當宗教與道德相遇。台北:台灣書店。
孫效智(1996):兩種道德判斷-論「道德善惡」與「道德正誤」的區分。哲學評論,第十九期,1996年1月,223-254。
孫效智(1997):代理孕母的倫理與法律問題。應用倫理研究通訊,4,8-11。
孫振青(1996):亞理斯多德的倫理學。台北:台灣書店。
莊安祺譯(1998):第二個命運。台北:大塊,譯自Hamer, D. & Copeland, P.。
教育部(1975),國民小學課程標準。台北:正中書局。
教育部(1985),國民中學課程標準。台北:正中書局。
教育部(1995),高級中學課程標準。台北:正中書局。
黃慧英、方子華譯(1991):道德思維。台北:遠流,譯自Hare, R.M.。
張秀雄(1998):公民教育的理論與實施。台北:師大書苑。
張世珊(1995):科學法學‧科學倫理學。台北:淑馨。
傅佩榮(1993):哲學入門。台北:正中。
傅佩榮(1996):沈思價值觀。台北:業強。
楊植勝等譯(1997):生死的抉擇:基本倫理學與墮胎。台北:桂冠,譯自Pojaman, L.P.。
鄔昆如(1998):倫理學。台北:五南。
趙金祁(1997):科學教育的新趨勢-從柯氏世界觀到克隆人在科教上引發的問題。科學教育月刊,203,2-12。
歐用生(1992):澄清「價值澄清」教學法的價值。人文及社會學科教學通訊,三卷三期,127-136。
劉權章(1998):遺傳諮詢-遺傳病防治的關鍵問題。台北:合記。
鄭榮輝、林陳涌(1999):生物倫理與科學教育。科學教育月刊,224,1-14。
簡成熙譯(1995):美國教育哲學導論。台北:五南,譯自Knight, G.R.。
薛絢譯(1998):生命的價值。台北:正中,譯自Kellert, S.R.。
二、英文部分
Aasada, Y., Tsuzuki, M., Akiyama, S., Macer, N.Y. & Macer, D.R.J.(1996). High School Teaching of Bioethics in New Zealand, Australia and Japan. Journal of Moral Education, 25(4), 401-420.
Adkins, J. & Lock, L.(1994). Using Animals in Secondary Education- a pilot survey. Journal of Biological Education, 28(1), 48-52.
Aikenhead, G.S.(1985). Collective Social Decision-Making: Implications for Teaching Science. In Gosling, D. & Musschenga, B.(Eds.), Science Education and Ethical Values. Washington, DC: Georgetown University, 55-67.
Aikenhead, G.S.(1985). Collective Decision Making in the Social Context of Science. Science Education, 69(4), 453-475.
Allchin, D.(1999a). Values in Science: An Educational Perspective. Science & Education, 8(1), 1-12.
Allchin, D.(1999b). Science Gone to Seed ? Science & Education, 8(1), 63-66.
Alpern, K.D.(1992). The Ethics of Reproductive Technology. NY: Oxford University Press.
American Association for the Advancement of Science(AAAS)(1993). Benchmarks for science literacy. Washington, DC: Author.
Armstrong, K. & Weber, K.(1991). Genetic Engineering - A Lesson on Bioethics for the Classroom. The American Biology Teacher, 53(5), 294-297.
Barman, C.R. & Rusch, J.J.(1978). Bioethics: A Rationale and a Model. The American Biology Teacher, 40(2), 85-90.
Barman, C.R.(1980). Four Values Education Approaches. The American Biology Teacher, 42(3), 152-156.
Barman, C.R. & Hendrix, J.R.(1983). Exploring Bioethical Issues: An Instructional Model. The American Biology Teacher, 45(1), 23-31.
Biermann, C.A.(1990). What’s a Nice Biology Teacher Like You Doing Teaching Humanities ? The American Biology Teacher, 52(8), 487-490.
Bloom, A. & Constant, P.(1976). The Quality of Life for the World’s Population: A Unit on Bioethics. The American Biology Teacher, 38(5), 292-294.
Boone, C.K.(1984). Moral Fantasy in Genetic Engineering. The American Biology Teacher, 46(8), 449-456.
Brinckerhoff, R.F.(1985). A New Technique for Teaching Societal Issues. Journal of College Science Teaching, 14(6), 475-79.
Carson, R.N.(1997). Science and the Ideals of Liberal Education. Science & Education, 6, 225-238.
Castleman, N.(1974). Bioethics: Research, Action and Ethics. The Science Teacher, 41(7), 18-21.
Charlesworth, M.J.(1993). Bioethics in a Liberal Society. Cambridge University Press.
Chen, S.Y. & Raffan, J.(1999). Biotechnology: student’s knowledge and attitudes in the UK and Taiwan. Journal of Biological Education, 34(1), 17-23.
Comstock, G.(1999). The Iowa State University Model Bioethics Institutes. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 19(4), 323-328.
Cross, R.T.(1999): Scientific Understanding: Lacey’s ‘Critical Self – Consciousness ‘ Seen as Echoes of J.D. Bernal. Science & Education, 8(1), 67-78.
Deboer, G.E.(1991) . A History of Ideas in Science Education: Implications for Practice. New York and London: Teachers College Press.
Dispoto, R.G.(1977). Moral Valuing and Environmental Variables. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 14(4), 273-280.
Downie, R. & Alexander, L.(1989). The Use of Animals in Biology Teaching in Higher Education. Journal of Biological Education, 23(2), 103-111.
English, D.C.(1994). Bioethics: A Clinical Guide for Medical Students. W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. 16-28.
Gottlieb, S.F.(1976). Teaching Ethical Issues in Biology. The American Biology Teacher, 38(3), 148-149.
Hare, R.M.(1993). Essays on Bioethics. Oxford University Press. 98-117.
Harms, N.C. & Yager, R.E.(1981). What Research Says to the Science Teacher(Vol.3). Washington, DC: NSTA.
Hendrix, J.R.(1977). A Survey of Bioethics Courses in U.S. College and Universities. The American Biology Teacher, 39(2), 85-87.
Hendrix, J.R.(1993). The Continuum: A Teaching Strategy for Science & Society Issues. The American Biology Teacher, 55(3), 178-182.
Hinman, L.M.(1999). Reproductive Technologies and Surrogacy: An Introduction to the Issues. Ethics Updates, April 1999.
Hoskins, B.B.(1976). Raising Bioethical Consciousness in an Introductory Life Science Course. The American Biology Teacher, 38(9), 533-536.
Hoskins, B.B. & Shannon, T.A.(1977). Elucidating Bioethics with Undergraduates. Journal of College Science Teaching, January 1977, 149-151.
Hull, R.T.(1990). Ethical issues in the new reproductive technologies. California: Wadsworth.
Hurd, P.D.(1981). Biology Education. In Harms, N.C. & Yager, R.E.(Eds.), What Research Says to The Science Teacher, Washingdon, D.C.: NSTA. 12-32.
James, M., Schmidt, E. & Conley, T.(1974). Social Issues Serve as Unifying Theme in a Biology Course. The American Biology Teacher, september , 346-348.
Jameton, A.(1999). Sustainable Bioethics: Extending Care to an Aging Planet. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 19(4), 314-322.
Jungwirth, E.(1980). Some Biology/Social Science Interfaces and the Teaching of Biology. Journal of Biological Education, 14(4), 339-344.
Kieffer, G.H.(1979). Can Bioethics Be Taught? The American Biology Teacher, 41(3), 176-180.
Keiffer, G.H.(1980). Should Bioethics Be Taught? The American Biology Teacher, 42(2), 110-113.
Keiffer, G.H.(1980). IVF-In Vitro Fertilization. The American Biology Teacher, 42(4), 211-218.
Koballa, T.R.J.(1988). Attitude and Related Concepts in Science Education. Science Education, 72(2), 115-126.
Kuhn, D.J.(1973). Value Systems in life Science Instruction. Science Education, 57(3): 343-351.
Lacey, H.(1999). Scientific Understanding and the Control of Nature. Science & Education, 8(1), 13-35.
LaFollette, H. & Shanks, N.(1995). Utilizing Animals. Journal of Applied Philosophy,(1995)13-25.
Larson, J.H.(1986). The Humanization of Science: A Classroom Exercise. Journal of College Science Teaching, 15(6), 542-43 .
Lovat, T.J.(1994). The Implications of Bioethics for Teachers and Teacher Researchers. British Educational Research Journal, 20(2), 187-196.
Macer, D.R.J.(1990). Shaping Genes: Ethics, Law and Science of Using New Technology in Medicine and Agriculture. NZ: Eubios Ethics Institude.
Machamer, P. & Douglas, H.(1999). Cognitive and Social Values. Science & Education, 8(1), 45-54.
Meffe, G.K. & Carroll, C.R.(1994). Principles of Conservation Biology. MA: Sunderland.
Mertens, T.R.(1982). Responsible Decisionmaking: A Tool For Developing Biological Literacy. The American Biology Teacher, 44(3), 148-152.
Murray, K.J.(1999). Bioethics in the Laboratory: Synthesis & Interactivity. The American Biology Teacher, 61(9), 662-667.
Murray, T.H.(1993). Ethical Issues in Human Genome Research. In The Ethical Dimensions of the Biological Sciences. Cambridge University Press.
National Research Council(NRC)(1996). National science education standards. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Ost, D.H.(1974). Ethical Systems and Education in an Evolving Culture. Science Education, 58(4): 585-592.
Ost, D.H.(1976). Science and Cultural Values. The American Biology Teachesr, MAY 1976, 277-280.
Poole, M.(1998). Beliefs and Values in Science Education. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Reed, R.D.(1984). An Exercise In Research Ethics. The American Biology Teacher, 46(8), 457-459.
Resnik, D.B.(1999). Biological Warfare and Scientific Responsibility. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 19(2), 113-116.
Singleton, R.J. & Brock, D.H.(1982). Teaching Bioethics from an Interdisciplinary Perspective. The American Biology Teacher, 44(5), 280-285.
Solomon, J.(1983). Science in a social context(SISCON)in schools. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Tsuzuki, et al.(1998). Animal experiments and bioethics in high schools in Australia, Japan, and New Zealand. Journal of Biological Education, 32(2), 119-126.
Wandersee, J.H.(1992). The lab-o-gram: Using student-constructed graphics to improve learning. Paper presented at the 1992 national convention of the National Association of biology Teachers, November, Boston, MA.
Zipko, S.J.(1983). Interdisciplinary Research Reports on Bioethical Controversies. The American Biology Teacher, 45(1), 47-48.