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研究生: 張修榕
Hsiu-Jung Chang
論文名稱: 臺灣學生在不同社群媒體中的英語溝通意願
Willingness to Communicate in English through Different Social Media among Taiwanese EFL Students
指導教授: 程玉秀
Cheng, Yuh-Show
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 英語學系
Department of English
論文出版年: 2014
畢業學年度: 102
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 103
中文關鍵詞: 溝通意願社群媒體時效性溝通模式冒險傾向
英文關鍵詞: Willingness to Communicate (WTC), Social Media, Immediacy, Communication Mode, Risk-taking Propensity
論文種類: 學術論文
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  • 本研究旨在檢視臺灣學生於不同社群媒體功能中使用英語溝通意願的變化,
    以及影響他們使用英語溝通意願的因素。首先,以語言冒險量表(Language Risk
    Taking scale)與社群媒體溝通意願量表來測量受試者的語言冒險傾向高低和社群
    媒體溝通意願程度,再來以媒體選擇問卷檢測他們對不同時效性(immediacy)
    及溝通模式(communication mode)的社群媒體偏好。接著,以重複測量變異數
    分析法分析在不同媒體功能之中學生的英語溝通意願差異,再以單向多變量變異
    數分析探討語言冒險傾向對英語溝通意願之影響。最後,藉由和高溝通意願與低
    溝通意願的學生的訪談,更進一步得知影響他們選擇不同性質媒體功能的因素。
    本研究分析結果如下:第一,不同社群媒體功能顯示對受試者之英語溝通意
    願產生顯著差異,而在配對比較中,受試者唯獨在使用Facebook 聊天室與
    Facebook 私人訊息、Skype 視訊通話與Skype 語音訊息時之溝通意願無顯著差異,
    並且時效性與溝通模式兩因素對溝通意願具有顯著影響。第二,冒險傾向對個人
    在社群媒體中之英語溝通意願無顯著影響。第三,根據受試者訪談的內容,影響
    媒體選擇之因素可被歸類為:(一)媒體承載訊息濃度,(二)線上溝通真實性,
    (三)自視英語能力程度,(四)語言冒險傾向,及(五)其他。
    最後,根據訪談的發現與結果,本研究提供英語教師具體之建議,期盼可針
    對學生不同性格給予適當之溝通媒體管道以提升其透過英語與他人溝通之意
    願。

    This study sought to examine Taiwanese English learners’ willingness to
    communicate (WTC) when they communicate via different functions provided by
    social media and its relationship between one’s risk-taking propensity as an
    intrapersonal variable. Language Risk Taking scale and WTC on Social Media
    Questionnaire were employed to assess the participants’ degree of risk-taking
    propensity and WTC on social media. Then, Media Choice Questionnaire was
    adopted to examine the participants’ preference for social media of different
    immediacy and communication modes. ANOVA repeated measures was utilized to
    examine the differences in individuals’ WTC among different functions, and then
    one-way MANOVA was used to assess the impact of risk-taking propensity on WTC
    through social media. Finally, interviews were conducted with high- and low-WTC
    participants to learn more about what influenced their media choice behavior.
    The results can be summarized as follows. First, a significant effect of media
    function was found on the participants’ L2 WTC, and all of the pairwise comparisons
    were significant except that between Facebook Messenger and Facebook Messages,
    and that between Skype video call and Skype video messages. Both immediacy and
    communication mode showed significant effect on their WTC. Second, risk-taking
    propensity did not exert significant influence on one’s L2 WTC through the four
    functions provided by the two social media. Third, the interviewees’ comments on the
    influential factors of social media choice behavior were categorized into five main
    themes: media richness, authenticity of online communication, self-perceived
    proficiency, risk-taking propensity in a language, and others.
    At last, based on findings of the study, some pedagogical implications are offered
    for the English instructors, hoping to foster Taiwanese learners’ individual WTC when
    they communicate in English with others in authentic life.

    TABLE OF CONTENTS CHINESE ABSTRACT i ENGLISH ABSTRACT iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v TABLE OF CONTENTS vii LIST OF TABLES xi LIST OF FIGURES xii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Background 1 Statement of the Problem 2 Purpose of the Study 4 Research Questions 6 Significance of the Study 6 Definition of Terms 7 Willingness to Communicate (WTC) 7 Asynchronous and Synchronous Communication 8 Social Media 9 Risk-Taking Propensity 9 Organization of the Study 10 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REIVEW 11 Theoretical Foundations of WTC Construct 11 Approaches to Conceptualizing WTC 13 Trait-like Approach to WTC 13 Situational Approach to WTC 14 Ecological Approach to WTC 15 Development of L2 WTC Models 16 MacIntyre et al.’s (1998) Model 16 Wen and Clément’s (2003) WTC Model 18 Peng and Woodrow’s (2010) L2 WTC Model 19 The Role of Risk-Taking Propensity in WTC 20 Social Media and Communication 22 Attributes of Social Media 22 Theoretical Approaches to Classifying Social Media 24 Social Media under Investigation 26 Facebook 26 Skype 27 The Role of Personality in Media Choice 28 Pedagogical Use of Social Media in Practice 28 WTC in Social Media: Empirical Research in the L2 Contexts 31 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 34 Research Design 34 Participants 35 Instruments 35 Social Media Use Questionnaire 36 Background Questionnaire 36 Risk-taking Propensity Questionnaire 36 Willingness to Communicate (WTC) on Social Media Questionnaire 37 Media Choice Questionnaire 39 Semi-structured Interviews 39 Data Collection and Data Analysis Procedures 40 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS 42 Survey Results 42 Participants’ Background Information 42 Effects of Social Medium Functions on Willingness to Communicate (WTC) 44 Effects of Risk-taking Propensity on WTC through Social Media 48 Media Choice 49 Interview Results 53 Media Richness 55 Authenticity of Online Communication 56 Self-perceived Proficiency 57 Risk-taking Propensity in a Language 58 Other Factors 60 CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 63 Major Findings and Discussion 63 Social Media and WTC 63 Media Preference and WTC 65 L2 Self-confidence and WTC 68 Risk-taking Propensity and WTC 70 Media Usage Frequency and WTC 71 Conclusions 72 Pedagogical Implications 73 Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research 74 REFERENCES 75 APPENDIX A Questionnaire of Risk-Taking, WTC on Social Media, and Media Choice (Chinese Version) 97 APPENDIX B Risk-taking Propensity Questionnaire Items (English Version) 100 APPENDIX C WTC on Social Media Questionnaire Items (English Version) 101 APPENDIX D Media Choice Questionnaire Items (English Version) 102

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