在知識經濟的時代，智慧資本優勢是企業成長的關鍵，所以「知識分享」變成組織中提高績效的重要因素之一。透過知識工作者善用專業才能，提升整體工作效能，運用知識分享成為促進工作績效的原動力。而影響組織中知識分享的重要因素包括：組織成員間之信任、組織承諾、組織文化、組織中的管理措施、個人對知識分享的態度和價值。過去關於知識分享的研究，通常只專注於知識分享的行為、組織間影響知識分享的因素、知識管理方式等，但是卻忽略了最重要的，知識分享的型態。因此，本研究將知識分享分為三種型態：快速回應的Type A、認知反思的Type B、情感反思的Type C三種來做後續探討。其中，快速回應的Type A是指當接受到他人的訊息時，不經思考，就作出回應；認知反思的Type B是指當接受到他人的訊息時，經過思考後，才作出回應；情感反思的Type C是指當接受到他人的訊息時，思考過會不會被別人笑之後，才作出回應。
本研究旨在探討採購人員的內控人格特質、工作自我效能及知識分享三種型態，對於達成採購工作績效的相關聯性，本研究採用便利取樣的方式進行問卷調查，對象為中華採購協會之採購會員，共回收271份問卷，利用結構方程模式（SEM）檢定本研究的假設。研究結果發現（1）內控人格特質對工作自我效能有正向相關（2）工作自我效能對知識分享Type A、Type B有正向相關；而對知識分享Type C有負向相關（3）知識分享Type A、Type B對採購工作績效有正向相關；知識分享Type C對採購工作績效呈現負相關。期能提供企業及高階採購主管在任用及培訓採購人員，運用組織內知識分享及管理，提升工作的專業知識及策略管理，以獲至良好的採購工作績效。

In the era of knowledge economy, the key to enterprise growth lies in the wisdom of capital advantage, so "knowledge sharing" into the organization to improve performance one of the important factors. Through knowledge workers to make good use of professional skills can improve the overall work efficiency. Thus, the present study focused on three types of knowledge sharing: fast and automatic (Type A), cognitive reflection (Type B) and affective evaluation (Type C). Type A knowledge sharing involves one providing a fast and automatic affective reflection response after receiving a message. Type B of knowledge sharing involves one providing a response after cognitive reflection. Type C of knowledge sharing involves one providing a response after affective reflection.
To understand what types of knowledge sharing can be affected by individual traits and can affect job performance, this study explored the three types of internal locus of control, job self-efficacy and knowledge sharing of procurement personnel. In order to achieve the correlation of purchasing performance, purposive sampling was adopted for this study and 271 questionnaires were returned for confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The results showed that: (1) Internal locus of control was positively associated with job self-efficacy; (2) Job self-efficacy was positively associated with Type A and Type B knowledge sharing, but Type C knowledge sharing was negatively associated with job self-efficacy; (3) Type A and Type B knowledge sharing was positively associated with purchasing job performance, but Type C knowledge sharing was negatively associated with purchasing job performance. The implication of this study suggested enterprises and senior executives can enhance knowledge sharing via increasing employees’ job self-efficacy or recruiting high level of internal locus of control employees.

壹、中文部分
尤雪娥（2001）。員工屬性、工作特性、內外控傾向與工作滿意之關聯性研究-以台鐵局本部員工為例（未出版之碩士論文）。國立交通大學，新竹市。
王忠宗（2002）。採購學。臺北市：國立空中大學。
王姿云（2009）。承諾續擴行為之影響因素：管理會計知識、計劃完成度與投資損益（未出版之碩士論文）。國立雲林科技大學，雲林縣。
何幸娟（2009）。以計劃行為理論探討企業員工知識分享意圖與行為（未出版之碩士論文）。國立成功大學，臺南市。
余德成（1996）。品質管理人性面系統因素對工作績效之影響（未出版之碩士論文）。國立中山大學，高雄市。
吳有順（2000）。網路社群知識分享過程之研究—以企業管理教學網站為例（未出版之碩士論文）。國立政治大學，臺北市。
吳妮妮（2009）。定期貨櫃船公司員工人格特質對工作績效影響之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立成功大學，臺南市。
吳幸宜（1996）。讓記憶活起來：如何在2分鐘內記住20件事。臺北市：遠流。
吳明隆（2008）。結構方程模式-SIMPLIS的應用。臺北市：五南。
吳明隆、涂金堂（2008）。SPSS 與應用統計分析。臺北市：五南。
吳明隆、涂金堂（2012）。SPSS與統計應用分析。臺北市：五南。
吳靜吉（1978）。內外控制取向與工作滿意度績效之關係。政治大學學報，41，61-73。
吳靜吉（1980）。政府文化藝術機構員工之成長需求及專長訓練研究（未出版之碩士論文）。私立輔仁大學，新北市。
李元墩（1999）。組織溝通研究之回顧與展望。中華管理評論，2(5)， 121-131。
李素卿（2003）。認知心理學。臺北市：五南。
李慧明（2016）。使用虛擬社群教師人格特質、知識分享、社群認同與組織公民行為之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。私立中華科技大學，臺北市。
谷風泰（2008）。應用層級分析法對志願役士兵工作績效評估之研究—以陸軍為例（未出版之碩士論文）。國立中山大學，高雄市。
周曉虹（譯）（1995）。社會學習理論（原作者： Bandura）。臺北市：桂冠。（原著出版年： 1977 年）。
林東儒（2013）。供應商選擇標準、採購商議價方式與採購績效關係探討-以科技產業為例（未出版之碩士論文）。國立成功大學，臺南市。
林財丁（2004）。管理與商業心理學。臺中市：滄海。
林彩雲（2010）。台中市國小教師組織承諾、自我效能與知識分享之關係研究（未出版之碩士論文）。私立東海大學，臺中市。
林澄貴（2001）。知識管理、工程專業人員核心能力與工作績效關係之研究-以中鋼公司為例（未出版之碩士論文）。國立中山大學，高雄市。
邱連煌（2005）。自我效能: 促進與維持動機的信念。國教天地，161，1-9。
孫志麟（1991）。自我效能的基本概念及其在教育上的應用。教育研究，22（12），47-54。
徐雅慧（2004）。個人特徵、 工作滿意度與工作績效關係之探討─ 以 H 公司為例（未出版之碩士論文）。國立中央大學，桃園市。
徐鳳卿（2009）。內外控人格傾向、自我效能與工作滿足感關聯性之研究－以臺北市立國民小學人事人員為例（未出版之碩士論文）。私立世新大學，臺北市。
高振源（2008）。工作滿意、知識分享與工作績效之關聯性研究-以3M台灣子公司為例（未出版之碩士論文）。私立佛光大學，高雄市。
高振源（2010）。工作滿意、知識分享與工作績效之關聯性研究-以 3M 公司為例。 績效與策略研究，7（2）， 19-33。
張火燦（2000）。策略性人力資源管理。臺北市：揚智。
張春興（1996）。張氏心理學辭典。 臺北市：東華。
張偉豪（2011）。論文寫作SEM不求人。臺北市：鼎茂。
張潤書（1985）。組織行為與管理。 臺北市：五南。
許振邦（2016）。採購與供應管理第四版。臺北市：智勝。
許勝智（2012）。高科技產業研發人員人格特質對知識分享意願影響之研究以信任關係為中介變項。政大勞動學報，28，157-200。
郭芝雄（2007）。知識管理、 採購能力與採購策略對採購績效之影響-以國內聚酯纖維廠與供應鏈之實證（未出版之碩士論文）。國立成功大學，臺南市。
陳郁佳（2008）。身心障礙者求職困境之探討。就業安全，7（2），113-116
陳惠芳（2008）。在組織變革環境下賦權對組織承諾之影響研究-檢視內外控傾向與知覺心理契約違反之干擾效果。臺大管理論叢，18（2）， 1-26。
陳惠紋（2010）。榮民醫院新進護理人員職前教育訓練， 服務行為與工作績效關係之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立暨南大學，南投縣。
陳順宇（2005）。多變量分析。 臺北市：華泰。
曾淑芬（2005）。我國中央機關檔案管理人員自我效能之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。私立世新大學，臺北市。
曾淑芬（2005）。數位落差再定義與衡量指標之研究。資訊社會研究，9，89-124。
黃仲仁（2014）。知識分享文化、工作滿意、自我學習對任務績效的影響模式—以半導體晶圓製造廠商非揮發記憶體製程研發員工為例（未出版之碩士論文）。國立成功大學，新北市。
黃昊翔（2016）。主題型wiki虛擬社群之知識分享-以神魔之塔，繁中維基為例（未出版之碩士論文）。私立淡江大學，新北市。
黃鼎育（2015）。內外控性格與工作投入及離職傾向關係之研究-以職場幸福感為中介變數（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺北大學，新北市。
楊黎東（2009）。人格特質與內部行銷對專業承諾、工作士氣與工作績效之關聯性研究─ 以台南地區房屋仲介從業人員為例（未出版之碩士論文）。南台科技大學，臺南市。
葉育秀（2008）。非營利組織員工人格特質，組織承諾與工作投入之相關研究（未出版之碩士論文）。 國立中山大學，高雄市。
葉瑞元（2004）。中央氣象局員工自我效能之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。私立世新大學，臺北市。
詹佳林（2011）。職場員工人格特質與工作倦怠之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。私立育達商業科技大學，桃園市。
詹益統（1995）。個人屬性、人格特質與內滋激勵和外附激勵關聯性之研究-以交通部數據通信所員工為例（未出版之碩士論文）。國立交通大學，新竹市。
劉京偉（譯）（民89）。知識管理的第一本書（原作者：A. Andersen）。臺北市：商周。（原著出版年：1996）。
蔡順良（2008）。青少年多向度自我效能量表編製與驗證。教育心理學報，39，105-126。
蔡豐隆、 宋碧娟、 游玟純、黃慧琦（2002）。促進知識分享的組織機制。樹德科技大學學報， 47，777-780。
鄭仁偉、 黎士群（2001）。 組織公平、 信任與知識分享行為之關係性研究。 人力資源管理學報，秋季號，1（2），69-93。
鄭伯壎（2003）。組織忠誠、組織承諾 及組織公民行爲研究之回顧與前瞻。 應用心理研究，19，175-209。
鄭麗鳳（2003）。國中學生內外控信念與利社會行為之相關研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。
賴文魁（2005）。領導型態、 組織文化及工作特性對工作滿意度影響之研究~ 以空軍某後勤單位為例（未出版之碩士論文）。私立大葉大學，彰化縣。
薛婉婷（1997）。人格特質與工作特性之契合對工作滿足與組織承諾之影響（未出版之碩士論文）。國立中央大學，桃園縣。
顏瑞伶（2002）。壽險公司業務員人格特質、工作壓力與工作滿足關係之分析（未出版之碩士論文）。 私立逢甲大學，臺中市。
譚地洲（2004）。 MBA教程之人力資源管理。臺北市： 世界商業文庫。

貳、英文部分
Allport, G. W., & Odbert, H. S. (1936). Trait-names: A psycho-lexical study. Psychological Monographs, 47(1), 1-17.
Arun, K. (2016). Effect of knowledge sharing and supply chain management on organizational performance.Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94.
Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1990). Assessing method variance in multitrait-multimethod matrices: The case of self-reported affect and perceptions at work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(5), 547.
Baily, P. J., & Farmer, D. H. (1982). Materials management handbook. Hampshire, England: Gower Publishing Company.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.
Bandura, A. (1986). The explanatory and predictive scope of self-efficacy theory. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 4(3), 359-373.
Bandura, A. (1988). Self-efficacy conception of anxiety. Anxiety Research, 1(2), 77-98.
Bandura, A. (1997). Editorial. American Journal of Health Promotion, 12(1), 8-10.
Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1991). The big five personality dimensions and job performance: a meta‐analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44(1), 1-26.
Belau, P. G., Dyer, J. A., Ogle, K. N., & Henderson, J. W. (1964). Correction of ametropia with intracorneal lenses: An experimental study. Archives of Ophthalmology, 72(4), 541-547.
Bentler, P. M. (1980). Multivariate analysis with latent variables: Causal modeling. Annual Review of Psychology, 31(1), 419-456.
Bock, G. W., & Kim, Y. G. (2002, September). Determinants of the individuals knowledge sharing behavior: The theory of reasoned action perspective. In Proceedings of the Pacific-Asia Conference on Information System (PACIS), Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan.
Bock, G. W., Zmud, R. W., Kim, Y. G., & Lee, J. N. (2005). Behavioral intention formation in knowledge sharing: Examining the roles of extrinsic motivators, social-psychological forces, and organizational climate. MIS Quarterly, 29(1) 87-111.
Bollen, K. A. (1989). A new incremental fit index for general structural equation models. Sociological Methods & Research, 17(3), 303-316.
Borman, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. M. (1993). Expanding the criterion domain to include elements of contextual performance. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Brown T. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York, NY: Guildford Press.
Butterfield, E. C. (1964). Locus of control, test anxiety, reactions to frustration, and achievement attitudes. Journal of Personality, 32(3), 355-370.
Byrne, B. M. (2013). Structural equation modeling with Mplus: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. London, England: Routledge.
Cabrera, A., Collins, W. C., & Salgado, J. F. (2006). Determinants of individual engagement in knowledge sharing. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 17(2), 245-264.
Cabrera, E. F., & Cabrera, A. (2005). Fostering knowledge sharing through people management practices. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(5), 720-735.
Campbell, C. H., Ford, P., Rumsey, M. G., Pulakos, E. D., Borman, W. C., Felker, D. B., ... & Riegelhaupt, B. J. (1990). Development of multiple job performance measures in a representative sample of jobs. Personnel Psychology, 43(2), 277-300.
Campbell, J. P., McHenry, J. J., & Wise, L. L. (1990). Modeling job performance in a population of jobs. Personnel Psychology, 43(2), 313-575.
Carnevale, D. G. (1995). Trustworthy government: Leadership and management strategies for building trust and high performance. New York, NJ：John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Castro, S. L., Douglas, C., Hochwarter, W. A., Ferris, G. R., & Frink, D. D. (2003). The effects-of positive affect and gender on the influence tactics-job performance telationship. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 10(1), 1-18.
Cattell, R. B. (1945). The principal trait clusters for describing personality. Psychological Bulletin, 42(3), 129-161.
Chao, C. N., Scheuing, E. E., & Ruch, W. A. (1993). Purchasing performance evaluation: An investigation of different perspectives. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 29(2), 32-39.
Chao, G. T., Walz, P., & Gardner, P. D. (1992). Formal and informal mentorships: A comparison on mentoring functions and contrast with nonmentored counterparts. Personnel Psychology, 45(3), 619-636.
Currie, G., & Kerrin, M. (2003). Human resource management and knowledge management: enhancing knowledge sharing in a pharmaceutical company. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14(6), 1027-1045.
Davenport, T. H., & Prusak, L. (1998). Working knowledge: How organizations manage what they know. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Press.
Davenport, T. H., & Prusak, L. (2001). Conocimiento en acción como las organizaciones manejan lo que saben. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Prentice Halll.
De Neys, W. (2014). Conflict detection, dual processes, and logical intuitions: Some clarifications. Thinking & Reasoning, 20(2), 169-187.
Doll, W. J., Xia, W., & Torkzadeh, G. (1994). A confirmatory factor analysis of the end-user computing satisfaction instrument. MIS Quarterly, 18(4), 453-461.
Drucker, P. F. (1999). Knowledge-worker productivity: The biggest challenge. California Management Review, 41(2), 79-94.
Dunn, R. (1984). Learning style: State of the science. Theory into practice, 23(1), 10-19.
Evans, J. S. B., & Frankish, K. E. (2009). In two minds: Dual processes and beyond. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Fan, X., Thompson, B., & Wang, L. (1999). Effects of sample size, estimation methods, and model specification on structural equation modeling fit indexes. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 56-83.
Fiske, D. W. (1949). Consistency of the factorial structures of personality ratings from different sources. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 44(3), 329-344.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
Gatewood, R. D., & Field, H. S. (2001). Human resource selection. San Diego, CA: Harcout.
Goldberg, L. R. (1990). An alternative" description of personality": The big-five factor structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(6), 1216-1229.
Grant, R. M. (1996). Toward a knowledge‐based theory of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17(2), 109-122.
Gulati, R., & Singh, H. (1998). The architecture of cooperation: Managing coordination costs and appropriation concerns in strategic alliances. Administrative Science Quarterly, 48, 781-814.
Guthrie, J. P. (2001). High-involvement work practices, turnover, and productivity: Evidence from New Zealand. Academy of Management Journal, 44(1), 180-190.
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2012). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(3), 414-433.
Hendriks, P. (1999). Why share knowledge? The influence of ICT on the motivation for knowledge sharing. Knowledge and Process Management, 6(2), 91-100.
Herzberg, F., Mausner, B. & Snyderman, B.B. (1959). The motivation to work. (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Hochwarter, W. A., Kiewitz, C., Gundlach, M. J., & Stoner, J. (2004). The impact of vocational and social efficacy on job performance and career satisfaction. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 10(3), 27-40.
Hong, J. C., Hwang, M. Y., & Lin, C. L. (2004). How to shape the innovative culture in your organization. Bradford, England: Shipley Print Company.
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55.
Husted, B. W., & de Jesus Salazar, J. (2006). Taking Friedman seriously: Maximizing profits and social performance. Journal of Management Studies, 43(1), 75-91.
Joe, V. C. (1971). Review of the internal-external control construct as a personality variable. Psychological Reports, 28(2), 619-640.
Jöreskog, K.G. & Sörbom, D. (1984). LISREL-VI user's guide (3rd ed.). Mooresville, IN: Scientific Software.
Jöreskog, K.G. & Sörbom, D., Du Toit, S., & Du Toit, M. (2000). LISREL 8: New Statistical Features. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International Inc.
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica: Journal of the EconometricＳociety, 47(2) 263-291.
Kahneman, D., Lovallo, D., & Sibony, O. (2011). Before you make that big decision. Harvard Business Review, 89(6), 50-60.
Kane, V. E. (1986). Process capability indices. Journal of Quality Technology, 18(1), 41-52.
Karwowski, M., & Kaufman, J. C. (2017). The Creative Self: Effect of Beliefs, Self-Efficacy, Mindset, and Identity.Oxford, England: Academic Press.
Katz, D., & Kahn, R. L. (1978). The social psychology of organizations. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford.
Knoppen, D., & Sáenz, M. J. (2015). Purchasing: Can we bridge the gap between strategy and daily reality? Business Horizons, 58(1), 123-133.
Kren, L. (1992). Budgetary participation and managerial performance: The impact of information and environmental volatility. Accounting Review, 67(3), 511-526.
Kubo, I., Saka, A., & Pan, S. L. (2001). Behind the scenes of knowledge sharing in a Japanese bank. Human Resource Development International, 4(4), 465-485.
Lee Endres, M., Endres, S. P., Chowdhury, S. K., & Alam, I. (2007). Tacit knowledge sharing, self-efficacy theory, and application to the open source community. Journal of Knowledge Management, 11(3), 92-103.
Lee, J. N. (2001). The impact of knowledge sharing, organizational capability and partnership quality on IS outsourcing success. Information & Management, 38(5), 323-335.
Leenders, M. R., Fearon, H. E., Flynn, A., & Johnson, P. F. (2001). Purchasing and supply management. Columbus, OH: McGraw-Hill College.
Liebowitz, J., & Yan, C. (2004). Knowledge sharing proficiencies: The key to knowledge management. In Holsapple, C. W. (Ed.), Handbook on knowledge management. Berlin, Germany: Springer.
Lin, F. R., Huang, K. J., & Chen, N. S. (2006). Integrating information retrieval and data mining to discover project team coordination patterns. Decision support systems, 42(2), 745-758.
Lin, H. F. (2007). Knowledge sharing and firm innovation capability: an empirical study. International Journal of Manpower, 28(3/4), 315-332.
Lin, M. J. J., Hung, S. W., & Chen, C. J. (2009). Fostering the determinants of knowledge sharing in professional virtual communities. Computers in Human Behavior,25(4), 929-939.
Liu, K. L., Chang, C. C., & Hu, I. L. (2010). Exploring the effects of task characteristics on knowledge sharing in libraries. Library Review, 59(6), 455-468.
London, M., & Smither, J. W. (1999). Empowered self-development and continuous learning. Human Resource Management, 38(1), 3-15.
Lu, L., Leung, K., & Koch, P. T. (2006). Managerial knowledge sharing: The role of individual, interpersonal, and organizational factors. Management and Organization Review, 2(1), 15-41.
Ma, Z., Long, L., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., & Lam, C. K. (2017). Why do high-performance human resource practices matter for team creativity? The mediating role of collective efficacy and knowledge sharing. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 34(3), 565–586.
MacCallum, R. C., & Hong, S. (1997). Power analysis in covariance structure modeling using GFI and AGFI. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 32(2), 193-210.
MacKinnon, D. P. (2008).Introduction to statistical mediation analysis. London, England: Routledge.
Makela, K., Kalla, H. K., & Piekkari, R. (2007). Interpersonal similarity as a driver of knowledge sharing within multinational corporations. International Business Review, 16(1), 1-22.
Malik, M. A. R., Butt, A. N., & Choi, J. N. (2015). Rewards and employee creative performance: Moderating effects of creative self‐efficacy, reward importance, and locus of control. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(1), 59-74.
Maslow, A. H. (1954). The instinctoid nature of basic needs. Journal of Personality, 22(3), 326-347.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1986). Personality, coping, and coping effectiveness in an adult sample. Journal of Personality, 54(2), 385-404.
McIver, J., & Carmines, E. G. (1981). Unidimensional scaling (Vol. 24). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
McManus, M. A., & Kelly, M. L. (1999). Personality measures and biodata: Evidence regarding their incremental predictive value in the life insurance industry. Personnel Psychology, 52(1), 137-148.
Meyer, H., Ropp, S. L., & Esposito, J. J. (1997). Gene for A-type inclusion body protein is useful for a polymerase chain reaction assay to differentiate orthopoxviruses. Journal of Virological Methods, 64(2), 217-221.
Mitchell, R. (1979). Industrial relations under a conservative government: The coalition's labour law programme 1975 to 1978. Journal of Industrial Relations, 21(4), 435-465.
Monczka, R. M., Carter, P. L., & Hoagland, J. H. (1979). Purchasing performance: Measurement and control. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University.
Motowidlo, S. J., & Van Scotter, J. R. (1994). Evidence that task performance should be distinguished from contextual performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(4), 475-480.
Mulaik, S. A. (2009). Foundations of factor analysis. Boca Raton, FL: CRC press.
Nafei, W. A. (2015). Ethical climate as a moderator of the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment: Evidence from industrial companies in Egypt. International Journal of Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 1(1), 1-15.
Nonaka, I., Konno, N., & Toyama, R. (2001). Emergence of “ba”. Knowledge Emergence: Social, Technical, and Evolutionary Dimensions of Knowledge Creation, 1, 13-29.
Norman, W. T. (1963). Toward an adequate taxonomy of personality attributes: Replicated factor structure in peer nomination personality ratings. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66(6), 574-583.
Norvilitis, J. M., Szablicki, P. B., & Wilson, S. D. (2003). Factors influencing levels of credit‐card debt in college students. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33(5), 935-947.
Nowicki, S., & Brissett, M. (1973). Internal versus external of reinforcement and reaction to frustration. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 25(1). 35-44.
Osterloh, M., & Frey, B. S. (2000). Motivation, knowledge transfer, and organizational forms. Organization Science, 11(5), 538-550.
Pavlou, P. A., & Fygenson, M. (2006). Understanding and predicting electronic commerce adoption: An extension of the theory of planned behavior. MIS Quarterly, 30(1)115-143.
Perrewé, P. L., & Spector, P. E. (2002). Personality research in the organizational sciences. Bingley, England: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Rempel, J. K., Holmes, J. G., & Zanna, M. P. (1985). Trust in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49(1), 95-112.
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. (2003). Essentials of organizational behavior (Vol. 7). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Roseman, M., & Friedman, R. H. (1974). Type a behavior and your heart. New York, NJ: Knop Doubleday.
Rotter, J. B. (1954). Social learning and clinical psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 80(1), 1-28
Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling. Mahwah, NJ: Psychology Press.
Senge, P. M. (1997). Communities of leaders and learners. Harvard Business Review, 75(5), 30-32.
Skinner, E. A. (1996). A guide to constructs of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(3), 549-570
Spector, P. E. (1982). Behavior in organizations as a function of employee's locus of control. Psychological Bulletin, 91(3), 482.
Spector, P. E. (1986). Perceived control by employees: A meta-analysis of studies concerning autonomy and participation at work. Human Relations, 39(11), 1005-1016.
Spector, P. E. (1988). Development of the work locus of control scale. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 61(4), 335-340.
Svedholm-Häkkinen, A. M., & Lipsanen, J. (2015). Ontological confusions but not mentalizing abilities predict religious belief, paranormal belief, and belief in supernatural purpose. Cognition, 134, 63-76.
Tampoe, M. (1993). Motivating knowledge workers—the challenge for the 1990s. Long Range Planning, 26(3), 49-55.
Thompson, B. (2004). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: Understanding concepts and applications. Washington, WA: American Psychological Association
Ullman, J. B. (2001). Structural equation modeling. In B. G. Tabachnick & L. S. Fidell (Eds.), Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Waghorn, G., Chant, D., & King, R. (2005). Work-related self-efficacy among community residents with psychiatric disabilities. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 29(2), 105.
Weiner, B. (1985). An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion. Psychological Review, 92(4), 548.
Wells, D. L., Moorman, R. H., & Werner, J. M. (2007). The impact of the perceived purpose of electronic performance monitoring on an array of attitudinal variables. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 18(1), 121-138.
Willets, W. E. (1969). Fundamentals of purchasing. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Williamson, O. E. (1975). Markets and hierarchies. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Zucker, L. G. (1983). Organizations as institutions. Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 2(1), 1-47.