長久以來，語言學家對代名詞的研究，一直偏重單句內的照應特性
(anophoric properties)，而這也說明了何以當代語言學對人稱代名詞在
言談(discourse)中的語用功能不甚重視的原因。唯有 Kitagawa &
Lehrer (1990) 與 Biq (1991) 從語用的觀點，討論人稱代名詞的各種語
用用法。不過，他們對人稱代名詞的討論與分類，仍不完善，有關人稱代
名詞的非指稱用法(non-deictic use)，也有許多留待進一步探 討。 人
稱代名詞在國語會話中，除了最典型的命題用法(propositional use)外
，另有五種不同的語用用法，包括一非典型指稱用法--前設用法
metalinguistic use)，以及其它四種非指稱用法--非人稱用法(
mpersonal use)、模糊用法(vague use)、戲劇用法(dramatic use)、諿g
用法(projective use)，每一種用法，在言談上有不同的修辭功用。 Q論
人稱代名詞在言談上的各種不同用法，不但讓我們對人稱代名詞的 y用用
法，有更廣泛的認識，並且也提示我們，在這方面的研究上，語 k的分析
仍有部份取決於實際語用用法。

Over the ages linguists have concentrated heavily on the formal
anaphoric properties of pronouns within the boundary of single
sentences, and this partly accounts for the lack ofattention to
the pragmatic functions of personal pronouns in discourse in
contemporary linguistics. The multiple uses of personal
pronouns have only recently been discussed from the pragmatic
approach by Kitagawa & Lehrer (1990) and Biq (1991). However,
their categorization of the various uses of personal pronouns
appears inconclusive, and there is still more to delve into
about the discursive effects accompanying the non-deictic uses
of personal pronouns in Chinese. Aside from the canonical
deictic (propositional) use, there are another five distinct
uses of personal pronouns in Mandarin conversation, including
the atypical deictic use of personal pronouns--the impersonal
use, and four other non-deictic uses-- the impersonal use, the
vague use, the dramatic use, and the projective use. Each
contributes to the discourse different rhetorical effects. The
discussion of the multiple uses of personal pronouns in
discourse not only leads to a broader understanding of the
pragmatic functions of personal pronouns but also reminds us
that in this area there are pragmatic prerequisits to the
analysis of formal system.
Over the ages linguists have concentrated heavily on the formal