休閒知識和技能的有無深深影響休閒品質和滿意度，為此休閒教育者和實務工作者須要一套系統化的理論架構，以深入瞭解休閒者的知識行為，並給予適切地休閒教育和休閒服務。本研究依據行為學派學習理論，建構一套深度休閒者知識獲取行為模式，並以問卷調查收集資料加以實徵。
首先，經本研究驗證，深度休閒者確實如Stebbins（2001）的主張，具有持續獲取休閒知識和技能這樣的特質，並以性別、年齡、居住地區和教育程度等再深入分析，發現深度休閒者為獲取知識所做的投入，在年齡和教育程度這些因素的不同而異。
其次，本研究以自我追求、求知驅力和社會影響三個潛在變項為因，知識獲取投入潛在變項為果，建構成深度休閒者知識獲取行為模式。經驗證性因素分析，此四個測量模式無論個別項目信度和組合信度，及區別效度均達可接受水準。復經結構方程模式分析，發現此一初始模式無論基本適配度、絕對適配度或簡約適配度均達可接受水準，但修正指數顯示尚有修正餘地。經修正後發現，三類適配度確實更佳。研究顯示求知驅力是激發深度休閒者獲取投入直接和正向因素，而求知驅力則受到社會影響和自我追求兩項因素的正向影響，而且社會影響的影響力大於自我追求。再經競爭模式分析，本研究發現以求知驅力為中介因子的模式適配度較以社會影響或自我追求直接影響因素的模式為佳。表示休閒教育者或實務工作者可善用社會影響和自我追求的交互作用，激勵和支援休閒者的求知驅力，並由而激發其產生持續獲取休閒知識和技能的行為。
另本研究以性別、登山社團資歷和登山資歷下等三個變項，對修正後的理論模式進行群組分析，經驗證結果顯示，即使加入這三個干擾變項，該模式依然維持可接受的適配度，同時本研究也發現，不同群組在此四個潛在變項的平均數也無顯著差異，顯示深度休閒者在自我追求、社會影響、求知驅力和獲取投入等四個潛在變項的狀況相似，而且知識獲取行為模式也相仿。

People’s leisure quality and satisfication is highly influenced by the quality of his leisure knowledge and skills. To provide the people with appropriate leisure education and service, either leisure educator or practioner needs a theorial framework for understand systematically their knowledge behaviors. This research, basing on behaviorism learning theories, constructs the Serious Leisure Participant’s Knowledge Acquiring Model and test it with data collected through questionnaire.
Firstly, this research found that serious leisure partcipants indeed persist to acquire leisure knowledge and skills consistently as Stebbins stated. Their involvement in acquiring leisure knowledge and skills is singnificantly different subject to their age, resident area and education status.
Secondly, this research constructs the knowledge acquiring behavior model with four latent variables which are social influence, self pursuit, driving force for learning and acquisition involvement. The item and construct reliabilities as well as differenciated validity of the four measurement systems are good enough to construct the structural equation model. The fitness of this theoretically-constructed model is acceptable and improved according to its mofication index. This research finds that driving force for learning can directly and positively trigger knowledge acquisition behavior. It shows that driving force for learning is derived from the interaction of social influence and personal self pursuit. It means that a leisure educator or practioner can manipulate these two varialbles to trigger or support a serious leisure participant to learn more leisure knowledge and skills continueously.
Finally, the generalization ability of this modified model has also been verified by considering the gender, years to participate a mountain-climbing soceity and years to climb mountain. It is proved that the fitness of this model still is acceptable and the mean of the four constructs is equal. All of these show that the model is acceptable to explain the knowledge acquisition behavior of a serious leisure participant.

中文書目
行政院體育委員會（2006）。95年登山嚮導員授證檢定考試簡章。2010年9月14日，取自：http://www.tytaaa.org.tw/actattensionitem.htm
朱建福（2009）。中部地區自行車活動參與者之深度休閒、社會支持對休閒涉入的影響。國立雲林科技大學碩士論文，未出版，雲林縣。
朱敬先（1987）。教育心理學─教學取向。台北：五南。
伍振鶩（1988）。教育心理學。台北：五南。
宋鎮照（2000）。團體動力學。台北：五南。
李瑋琪（2007）。單車旅遊者之社會資本與深度休閒關係研究。逢甲大學碩士論文，未出版，台中市。
李弘暉、吳瓊治（2006）。知識獲取、知識整合與教育訓練關連性之研究。國家文官研究所飛訊，51，1-31。
李尚儒（2008）。山溪釣遊者深度休閒、場地依戀、最適體驗與承諾發展歷程之研究。國際體育運動與健康休閒發展趨勢研討會專刊，2008，671-684。
李尚儒（2009）。山溪釣遊者釋獲行為、深度休閒特質、流暢體驗與地方依附感影響之研究。國立虎尾科技大學碩士論文，未出版，雲林縣。
李永吟（1984）。教學理論與策略。台北：大洋。
李永吟（2001）。學習輔導-學習心理學的應用。台北：心理。
李永吟、單文經（1987）。教學原理。台北：遠流。
李明憲（1998）。國小國中學生體能活動、健康體能相關因素之研究，以花蓮縣宜昌國民小學、宜昌國民中學二所學校為例。國立台灣師範大學衛生教育學系博士學位論文，未出版，台北。
李德仁（2009）。認真休閒者之潛水休閒利益。北體學報，18，99-110。
李嘉聲（1999）。溪釣入門。台北：戶外生活圖書。
何光國（1994）。文獻計量學導論。台北：三民書局。
何中達（2004）。山區緊急救援體系檢討與建議之研究。內政部消防署委託研究報告。
何青蓉（1996）。終生學習與個人發展。載於中華國成人教育學會主編：終生學習與教育改革。台北：師大書苑。
余玥林（2002）。單車活動參與者的目標取向、社會支持和休閒型態對休閒效益的影響，雲林科技大學休閒運動研究所碩士論文，雲林縣。
邱子恆（2006）。知識管理與知識組織。臺北：文華圖書館管理資訊。
吳英偉、陳慧玲（譯）（2006）。Stokowski, P. A.著。休閒社會學。台北：五南。
吳武忠、林文苑（2004）。社區認真休閒團體促成社區意識之形成模式。觀光研究學報，10(1)，115-132。
吳明隆（2009）。結構方程模式：AMOS的操作與應用。台北：五南。
杜明城（譯）（1998）。Csikszentmihalyi, M.著。創造力。台北：時報文化。
林如瑩（2000）。行為涉入風險降低策略於網路購物之研究—以實驗室實驗法探討。中央大學碩士論文，未出版，桃園縣。
林佑瑾（2003）。從事高爾夫活動者之認真性休閒特質與休閒阻礙關係之研究。朝陽科技大學碩士論文，未出版，台中市。
林亞偉（2005）。下一輪職場生涯的競爭力：重現達人精神。今周刊，419。
林珊如、楊培珊（2004）。產業科技發展現況專題報導：老人學與科技研究發展重點。行政院國科會九十二年度產業科技資訊系統建置計畫。
林珊如、劉應琳（2001）。休閒閱讀找書策略與影響因素之探討：以台大BBSBooks版愛書人為例。資訊傳播與圖書館學，8(2)，23-37。
林珊如、劉應琳（2003）。從詮釋現象學的觀點看愛書人之休閒閱讀經驗。中國圖書館學會會報，71，21-36。
林珊如（2005）。深度休閒與資訊行為研究。圖書資訊學刊，3(1/2)，15-22。
林清山（1988）。驗證性因素芬西的理論及應用：修訂魏氏兒童智力量表之驗證性因素分析。測驗年刊，35，117-136。
林凱胤、王國華、余安順、何信權（2006）。實習教師透過觀摩與反思策略獲得內隱知識之研究。中華國第22屆科學教育學術研討會。
林麗娟（1994）。動機設計於電腦輔助教材之應用。視聽教育，44(5)，23-30。
周秀華（2002）。深度休閒者學習經驗之研究。國立高雄師範大學成人教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，高雄。
周秀華和余嬪（2005）。深度休閒者學習經驗之研究。國立政治大學教育與心理研究，28(2)，297-324。
范錚強、范懿文、侯永昌、李世材（1996）。資訊管理導論。台北：旗標出版社。
馬上鈞（2001）。休閒社會支持與壓力之初探。國立台灣體育學院學報，9，237-248。
許美惠（2005）。技職院校師生的資訊需求與使用研究。國立台灣大學圖書資訊學系碩士論文，未出版，台北。
許淑玟（1998）。ARCS 動機設計模式之教學上應用。國教輔導，38(2)，16-24。
教育部（2005）。登山訓練講義。2010年9月14日，取自：http://www.tytaaa.org.tw/actattensionitem.htm
游健祥（2007）。從深度休閒觀點看寵物飼主在飼養過程中的資訊現象。2007年圖書資訊暨傳播學進行中論文發表會，美國資訊科學與技術學會臺北分會。
原友蘭（2007）。原野地傳遞管道的障礙：評估登山者的資訊需求、資訊管道的使用與環境知識落差之間的關係。國家科學委員會，未出版，台北。
張郁敏、高敬堯（2004）。線上拍賣之知覺風險與降低風險策略。取自： http://ccs.nccu.edu.tw/UPLOAD_FILES/HISTORY_PAPER_FILES/146_1.pdf
張孝銘（2006）。登山冒險遊憩行為模式之研究。國立體育學院體育研究所博士論文，桃園縣。
張志銘、呂崇銘、翁旭昇、詹正豐（2006）。休閒運動參與因素與社會心理涉入的關係。運動與遊憩研究，1，64-79。
張春興（1994）。教育心理學-三化取向的理論與實際。台北：東華書局。
張佩瑜（2005）。登山者的休閒活動動機和社會支持對登山承諾及登山行為的影響。雲林科技大學休閒運動研究所碩士論文，未出版，雲林縣。
張愛華、洪敘峰、陳台翎（2004）。修正後個人涉入量表之調整策略─約略集合理論之運用。行銷評論，2004 年秋季，1，1。
國家公園登山學校（2010）。大專院校登山社團中級山技能研習營簡章。2010年9月14日，取自http://nknuclimbing.wordpress.com/
莊麗惠、高士剛、尤英哲（2008）。深度休閒中志願服務的實質效益。2008國際體育運動與健康休閒發展趨勢研討會專刊，463-473。
程紹同、江澤群、黃煜、彭小惠、呂佳霙（譯）（2003）。Mullin, B. J., Hardy, S., & Sutton. W. A.著。運動行銷學。台北：藝軒圖書。
陳順宇（2007）。結構方程模式 Amos操作。台北：心理出版。
陳錫平（2008）。中部地區自行車活動參與者的休閒態度、深度休閒對休閒效益的影響。雲林科技大學休閒運動研究所碩士論文，未出版，雲林縣。
陳梅君（2008）。自行車參與者遊憩動機、深度休閒與遊憩專門化關係之研究。朝陽科技大學碩士論文，未出版，台中。
陳盛雄（2004）。現代臺灣露營活動變遷暨露營場地設施相關研究。東京農業大學地域環境科學部造園科學科，造園學論集別冊，9。
葉紹國、何英奇、陳舜芬（2006）。大一學生的校園參與經驗與收穫自評─淡江、清華、師大三校的比較。載於高等教育與學生事務國際研討會專輯，392- 419。台北：國立台灣師範大學。
葉重新（2006）。心理學。台北：心理出版。
黃美筠（2005）。中小學經濟教育理論與教材教法。台北：水牛出版社。
黃心佳（2008）。深入休閒者涉入歷程之分析。大專體育學刊，10(1)，25-33。
黃安邦（1989）。社會心理學。台北：五南。
黃希庭（譯）（1992）。認知心理學。台北：五南。
潘正德（1999）。團體動力學。台北：心理出版。
蔡宏進（2004）。休閒社會學。台北：三民。
蔡居澤、廖炳煌（2006）。探索教育引導技巧手冊。桃園：中華探索教育協會。
蔡淑菁（1996）。台北市國小學童體能活動及其影響因素之研究。國立台灣師範大學碩士論文，未出版，台北。
鄧毓浩、蔡居澤（2007）。群育理念與實踐，德智體群美五育理念與實踐，教育部，141-192。
詹伯閔（2007）。大型重機車參與者認真休閒特質與休閒動機、休閒阻礙關係之研究。朝陽科技大學碩士論文，未出版，台中。
詹岱霖、林育賢（2009）。以深度休閒及流暢體驗觀點探討促進女性教師休閒運動參與之有效策略。2009年國際體育運動與健康休閒發展趨勢研討會專刊，184-197。
楊原芳（2006）。內在休閒動機與最適體驗的關係研究—以認真型休閒特性為中介變數。明新學報，32，65-76。
楊和炳（1990）。市場調查。台北：五南。
溫世頌（1997）。教育心理學。台北：三民。
趙居蓮（譯）（1995）。Weber, A. L.著。社會心理學。台北：桂冠。
趙冉（譯）（2004）。Kelly, J.R.著。走向自由—休閒社會學新論。雲南：雲南人民出版社。
劉虹伶（2005）。深度休閒者之休閒效益。大專體育，78，116-122。
劉森堯（譯）（2003）。Pieper, J.著。閒暇─文化的基礎。台北：立緒文化。
劉真如（譯）（2002）。Peter F. Drucker著。下一個社會。台北：商周。
劉若蘭（2005）。大專原住民族與漢族學生成功學習模式之建構與驗證—以北部某多元族群技術學院為例。國立台灣師範大學博士論文，未出版，台北市。
顏伽如（2003）。深度休閒之參與歷程與相關因素之研究—以台北市立圖書館「林老師說故事」之志工為例。國立體育學院體育研究所碩士論文，未出版，台北。
顏妙桂（2003）。休閒教育訓練手冊。台北：幼獅出版社。
顏妙桂（2006）。休閒活動規劃與管理。台北：麥格羅希爾出版。
顏伽如、謝智謀（2004）。認真休閒：概念緣起及其內涵。國立體育學院論叢，14(2)，63-78。
顏家芝、薛雅丹、黃文卿（2006）。從深度休閒理論探討太魯閣國家公園解說志工對解說服務之投入程度與其深度休閒特質之關係。中華民國戶外遊憩學會期刊，19(1)，51-75。
簡銘是（2008）。臺灣歷年山難事件形成原因與風險管理之研究。國立台灣體育大學碩士論文，未出版，桃園縣。
鐘偉志（2006）。認真性休閒與參與動機、休閒阻礙關係之研究─以網球活動為例。南華大學旅遊事業管理學系碩士班碩士論文，未出版，嘉義縣。
蘇慧捷（2002）。自助旅遊者的資訊行為研究。國立台灣大學圖書資訊學系碩士論文，未出版，台北。
賴美嬌、蔡武德（2005）。繼續教育學生學習型態、動機與滿意度之探討-以進修學院為例。教育經營與管理研究集刊，1，189-209。
謝志歸（2007）。社會資本：理論史與主要論域。學術探索，3，49-57。
儲慧平（2003）。提昇學生學習動機的創新教學。教育研究，55，109。
龍炳峰（2002）。國民小學學童規律運動行為及其相關因素之研究。體育學報，29，81-91。

英文書目
Adler, P.S. & Kwon, S.W. (2002). Social capital: Prospects for a new concept. Academy of Management Review, 27, 17-40.
Alderfer, C.P. (1969). An Empirical Test of a New Theory of Human Need. Psychological Review.
Allen, T.J. (1977). Managing the flow of technology: technology transfer and the dissemination of technological information within the R & D organization. 1977, Cambridge, MA : MIT Press
Andrews, J.C., Durvasula, S., & Akhter, S.H. (1990). A framework for conceptualizing and measuring the involvement construct in advertising research. Journal of Advertising, 19(4), 27-41.
Argyle, M. (1996). The Social Psychology of Leisure. New York: Penguin Books.
Astin, A. W. (1984). Student involvement: A theory for higher education. Journal of College Student Personnel, 25(4), 297-308.
Ayres, L. P. & A. McKinnie (1916). The public library and the public schools. Vol. XXI of the Cleveland Education Survey. Cleveland, OH, Survey Committee of the Cleveland Foundation.
Bagozzi, R.P. & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Academic of Marketing Science, 16, 76-94.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review , 84, 91-215.
Bandura, A. (1982). Self –efficacy mechanisms in human agency. American Psychologist, 37, 122-147.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and actions: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Bandura, A. (1997a). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company.
Bandura, A. (1977b). Social Learning Theory. New York: General Learning Press.
Bandura, A., & Schunk, D. H. (1981). Cultivating competence, self-efficacy, and intrinsic interest through proximal self-motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 586-598.
Barnes, J. A. (1954). Class and Committees in a Norwegian Island Parish. Human Relations, 7(1), 39-58.
Barrick, M. R., Mount, M. K., & Gupta, R. (2003). Meta-analysis of the relationship between the five-factor model of personality and Holland’s occupational types. Personnel Psychology, 56, 45–74.
Batten, T.R. (1971). Communities and Their Development. London: Oxford University Press.
Belkin, N.J. (1980). Anomalous states of knowledge as a basis for information retrieval. Canadian Journal of Information Science, 5, 133-143.
Belkin, N.J., Oddy, R.N., & Brooks, H.M. (1982a). ASK for information retrieval: Part I. Background and theory. Journal of Documentation, 38(2), 61–71.
Belkin, N.J., Oddy, R.N., & Brooks, H.M. (1982b). ASK for information retrieval: Part II. Results of a design study. Journal of Documentation, 38(3), 145–164.
Berger, J. B., & Malaney, G. D. (2003). Assessing the Transition of Transfer Students from Community Colleges to a University. NASPA Journal, 40(4), Summer 2003.
Berkman, L.F., Oxman, T., & Seeman, T.E. (1992). Social networks and social support among the elderly: Assessment issues. In R.B. Wallace & R.F. Woolson (Eds.), The Epicemiologic Study of The Elderly. New York: Oxford University Press, 196-212.
Blustein, D.L., Prezioso, M.S., Schultheiss, D.P. (1995). Attachment theory and career development: Current Status and future directions. The Counseling Pshchologist, 23, 416-432.
Bobby , G. (1995). The importance of leisure satisfaction. Journal of Leisure Research, 12, 279-299.
Boshier,R.(1973). Educational participation and dropout: A theoretical model. Adult Education, 23(4), 255-282.
Bram Stoke (1905). The Man, Fore-Glimpse, Retrieved March 29, 2005, from http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/self-satisfaction
Brown, C.M. (1999). Information seeking behavior of scientists in the electronic information age: Astronomers, chemists, mathematicians, and physicists. Journal of The American Society For Information Science, 50(10), 929–943.
Bryant, S. E. (2003). The Role of Transformational and Transactional Leadership in Creating, Sharing and Exploiting Organizational Knowledge, Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 9(4), 26-43
Buchanan, T. (1985). Commitment and leisure behavior: a theoretical perspective. Leisure Science, 7, 401-420.
Burnett, G., M. Besant, and E.A. Chatman. (2001). Small Worlds: Normative Behavior in Virtual Communities and Feminist Bookselling. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology, 52 (7), 536-547.
Burt, R. S. (1997). The contingent value of social capital. Administrative Science Quarterly , 42(2), 339–363.
Cabrera, Á., Collins, W. C. & Salgado, J. F. (2006). Determinants of Individual Engagement in Knowledge Sharing. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 17(2), 245-264.
Carlile, P.R. & Rebentisch, E.S. (2003). Into the Black Box: The Knowledge Transformation Cycle. Management Science, 49(9), 1180-1195.
Case, D.O. (2002). Looking for information: a survey of research on information seeking, needs, and behaviour. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Cassidy, J.(1999). The nature of the child’s ties. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: theory, research, and clinical applications. New York: Guilford.
Carpenter, Gaylene, Patterson, Ian, and Pritchard, Mark (1990). An Investigation of the Relationship Between Perceived Freedom in Leisure and Self-Directed Learning. Schole', 53-56.
Chang, S.-J. (2005). Backpackers’ search for tourist information. In SIG USE Symposium, Symposium held at the North, Carolina, USA.
Chang, S.-J. (2006). Information acquiring in leisure activities: Backpackers’ search for tourist information. In Taking Leisure Seriously: Information Realities in Leisure Time. American Society for Information Science & Technology Conference, held at the Austin, TX, USA.
Chatman, E. A. (1990). Alienation theory: application of a conceptual framework to a study of information among janitors. Journal of the American Society for Information Science; 29 (3), 355-368
Chatman, E. A. (1991). Life in a small world: applicability of gratification theory to information-seeking behavior. Journal of the American Society for Information Science 42 (6), 438-449
Chatman, E. A. (1996). The impoverished life-world of outsiders. Journal of the American Society for Information Science 47 (3), 193-206
Chatman, E. A. (1999). A theory of life in the round. Journal of the American Society for Information Science 50 (3), 207-217.
Coon, D. (2000). Introduction to psychology: Gateways to mind and behavior (9th ed.). Australia: Wadsworth.
Costa, P.T., & McCrae, R.R. (1992). NEO PI-R. Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.
Covington, M. V. (1984). The self-worth theory of achievement motivation: Findings and implications. The Elementary School Journal, 85(1), 5-20.
Cox, D. F. (1967). Risk handling in consumer behavior- an intensive study of two cases, in Donald F. Cox(ed.), Risk Taking and Information Handling in Consumer Behavior. Boston: Harvard University Press, 34-81.
Crowell, J.A. & Treboux, D. (1995). A review of adult attachment measures: Implications for theory and research. Social Development, 4, 294-327.
Csikszentmihalyi, M.(1997). Finding Flow. Psychology Today, 30(4), 46-50.
Csikszentmihalyi, M., Abuhamdeh, S., & Nakamura, J.(2005). Flow, In Elliot, A. J., & Dweck, C. S. (Eds.), Handbook of competence and motivation (pp. 598-607). New York: Guildford Press.
Cunningham, S. M. (1967). The major dimension of perceived risk, in Donald F. Cox(ed.), Risk Taking and Information Handling in Consumer Behavior. Boston: Harvard University Press, 82-108.
Dattilo, J, Murphy, & William D.( 1991). Leisure education program planning—A systematic approach, State College, PA: Venture Publishing.
Davenport T. H. and Prusak L. (2000). Working Knowledge: How Organizations Manage What They Know. New York: Harvard Business School press.
Dervin, B., & Nilan, M. (1986). Information needs and uses. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 21, 3-33.
Dervin, B. (1983). An Overview of Sense-Making Research: Concepts, Methods, and Results to Date. Seattle, WA: School of Communication, University of Washington.
Diamantopoulos, A. & Siguaw, J.A. (2000). Introducting LISREL: A guide for the uninitiated. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Driel, O.P. van. (1978). On various causes of improper solutions in maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 43(2), 225-243.
Droge, C., Claycomb, C. & Germain, R. (2003). Does knowledge mediate the effect of context on performance? Some initial evidence. Decision Sciences, 34(3), 541-568.
Dweck, C.S. (1986). Motivational processes affecting learning. American Psychologist, 41, 1040-1048.
Earle, P., & Vickery, B.C. (1969). Social science literature use in the U.K. as indicated by citations. Journal of Documentation, 25(2), 123–141.
Ellis, D. (1989). A Behavioural Approach to Information Retrieval System Design. Journal of Documentation, 45(3), 171-212.
Ellis, G. and Witt, P. (1984). The measurement of perceived freedom in leisure. Journal of Leisure Research. 16(2), 110-123.
Evans N.J. & Jarvis P.A. (1986). The group attitude scale. Small Group Behavior 17, 203–216.
Fisher, K.E., Landry, C.F. and Naumer, C. (2007). Social spaces, casual interactions, meaningful exchanges: 'information ground' characteristics based on the college student experience. Information Research, 12 (2), January 2007.
Forsyth D.R. (1999). Group dynamics. 3rd ed. Wadsworth. Cyber Psychology Behavior 4, 307–315
Frank, J. (1998). Howard comm.unity college’s 1992-1996 transfer graduates: A trend analysis. (ED 431 453)
Fulton, C. (2005). Social networks of information seeking and lifelong learning: The case of genealogists exploring their Irish ancestry. ASIS&T 2005 Proceedings of the 68th Annual Meeting, 42. Sparking Synergies: Bringing Research and Practice Together, Meeting held at October 28-November 2, 2005, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA.
Gainor R. (2009). Leisure Information Behaviors in Hobby Quilting Sites. Retrieved September 15, 2010, from: http://www.cais-acsi.ca/proceedings/2009/Gainor_2009.pdf
Garvey, W. D., & Griffith, B. C. (1972). Communication and information processing within scientific disciplines: Empirical findings for psychology. Information Storage and Retrieval, 8, 123-136.
Gerard K., James A., William N., William H. and Laurie J. (2007). A Modified Involvement Scale. Leisure Studies, 26 (4), 399–427, October 2007.
Goldstein, K. (1995). The Organism: A Holistic Approach to Biology Derived from Pathological Data in Man. 1934. New York: Zone Books.
Gonyea, R. M., Kish, K. A., Kuh, G. D., Muthiah, R. N., & Thomas, A. D. (2003). College student experiences questionnaire revised norms for the 4th edition. loomington, IN: College Student Experiences Questionnaire Research Program, Center for Postsecondary Research, Policy, and Planning, Indiana University.
Gould, J., Moore, D., McGuire, F., & Stebbins, R.A. (2008). Development of the Serious Leisure Inventory and Measure. Journal of Leisure Research, 40 (1), 47-68.
Gould, J. Moore, D., Karlin, N. J. Gaede, D. B., Walker, J. & Dotterweich, A. R. (2011). Measuring serious leisure in chess: Model confirmation and method bias. Leisure Sciences, 33(4), 332-340.
Granovetter, M. (1973). The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78, 1360-1380.
Green, M. S. (2010). Self-Expression. Oxford University Press. Retrieved December 24, 2010, from http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780199283781.do#
Griffin, M. A., Patterson, M.G., and West, M. A. (2001). Job Satisfaction and Teamwork: The Role of Supervisor Support. Journal of Organizational Behavior.
Guglielmino, L. M. (1977). Development of the self-directed learning readiness scale. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.
Guglielmino, L. M. (1989). Reactions to Field's investigation into the SDLRS. Adult Education Quarterly. 39(4), 235-240.
Hanneman, R. A. and Mark R. (2005). Introduction to social network methods. Riverside, CA: University of California, Riverside ( published in digital form at http://faculty.ucr.edu/~hanneman/ )
Harris, D. B. (1996). Creating a knowledge centric information technology environment. Retrieved September 14, 2010, from http://www.htcs.com/ckc.htm
Harrison, P. L. (1999). Transition experiences of community college transfer students: A qualitative study. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 461 195).
Hartel, J. (2003). The serious leisure frontier in library and information science: Hobby domains. Knowledge Organization, 30 (3/4), 228-238.
Hartel, J. (2005). A serious leisure approach to information behavior. In: Theories of information behavior: A researcher’s guide. Eds. K. Fisher, S. Erdelez, L. McKechnie. Medford, NJ. Information Today.
Harter, S. (1978). Effectance motivation reconsidered: Toward a developmental model. Human Development, 21,34-64.
Havitz, M. E., & Dimanche, F. (1999). Leisure involvement revisited: Drive properties and paradoxes. Journal of Leisure Research, 31, 122-149.
Heider, F. (1958). The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Helleloid, D. & Simonin, B. (1994). Organizational learning and a firm’s core competence. in Hamel, G. & Heene, A. ed., Competence-based competition, New York: John Wiley & sons, 213-239.
Hemetsberger, A., Pieters, R. (2001). “When Consumers Produce on the Internet: An Inquiry into Motivational Sources of Contribution to Joint-Innovation,” Proceedings of the Fourth International Research Seminar on Marketing Communications and Consumer Behavior, ed. Derbaix, Ch. et al., La Londe, 274-291.
Hill, R.A. and Dunbar R.I.M. (2002). Climatic determinants of diet and foraging behavior in baboons. Evolutionary Ecology 16(6), 579–593.
Huijnen, C. A. G. J., IJsselsteijn, W. A., & Ruyter B. de. (2004). Social presence and group attraction: exploring the effects of awareness systems in the home. Cogn Tech Work, 2004 (6), 41-44.
Hurtado, S., & Carter, D. F. (1997). Effects of college transition and perceptions of campus racial climate on Latino college students’ sense of belonging. Sociology of Education, 21(3), 279-302.
Inkpen, A., & Tsang, E. W. K. (2005). Social capital, networks, and knowledge transfer. Academy of Management Review, 30(1), 146-165.
Isham, J.and Kähkönen S. (2002). How Do Participation and Social Capital Affect Community-Based Water Projects? Evidence from Central Java, Indonesia, in Social Capital and Development. Christiaan Grootaert and Thierry Van Bastelaer, Eds. Cambridge University Press.
Jacoby, J. & L. Kaplan (1972). The components of perceived risk. Proceedings of 3ed Annual Conference, Association for Consumer Research, 382-393.
Jiho Y. Han. (2005). The Relationships of Perceived Risk to Personal Factors. Knowledge of Destination, and Travel Purchase Decisions in International Leisure Travel. Retrieved October 22, 2010, from http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-04282005-063252/unrestricted/jyhan2005.pdf
Johnson, J. D. (2003). On contexts of information seeking. Information Processing and Management, 39, 735-760.
Johnson, J. D., Andrews, J. E., & Allard, S. (2001). A model for understanding and affecting cancer genetic information seeking. Library & Information Science Research, 23, 335-349.
Kapferer, J. & G. Laurent (1985), Consumer Involvement Profiles: A New Practical Approach to Consumer Involvement. Journal of Advertising Research, 25, 48-56.
Kaufman, M. A. & Creamer, D. G. (1991). Influences of students goals for college on freshman year quality of effect and growth. Journal of College Student Development, 32, 197-206.
Kelly, J. R.(1983). Leisure Identities and Interactions. London: George Allen & Unwin. PEW/Internet and American Life Project. (2005, August 5). Internet Activities. Retrieved August 15, 2005, from http://www.pewinternetorg/trends/Internet_Activities_8.05.05.htm
Kelly, J. R. (1987). Freedom to be: Toward a new sociology of leisure. New York: MacMillan.
Kelly, J. R. (2002). Freedom to be: A New Sociology of Leisure. New York: MacMillan.
Knowles, M.S. (1980). The modern practice of adult education: From pedagogy to andragogy (revised and updated). Englewood Cliffs: Cambridge Adult Ecudation.
Koulopoulos, T. M., & Frappaolo, C. (1999). Knowledge management. Oxford, UK: Capstone.
Kuhlthau, C.C. (1991). Inside the search process: information seeking from the user's perspective. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 42(5), 361-371.
Laanan, F. S. (2000). Beyond transfer shock: Dimensions of transfer students’ adjustment. (ED 442 494).
Leckie, G. J. and Karen P. (1997). A general model of the information-seeking of professionals: role theory through the back door? Information Seeking in Context: Proceedings of an International Conference on Research in Information Needs, Seeking and Use in Different Contexts, 14-16 August, 1996, Tampere, Finland. edited by P. Vakkari, R. Savolainen & B. Dervin. London: Taylor Graham.
Lewin K. (1943). Defining the Field at a Given Time. Psychological Review. 50: 292-310. Republished in Resolving Social Conflicts & Field Theory in Social Science, Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association, 1997.
Lewin, K. (1948). Resolving social conflicts; selected papers on group dynamics. Gertrude W. Lewin (ed.). New York: Harper & Row, 1948.
Linton F. (2006). The Development of Social Network Analysis. Vancouver: Empirical Press.
Long, J. C. (1983). Confirmatory factor analysis. CA:SAGE.
Long, J. C. (1983). Covariance structure models: An Introduction to LISREL. CA:SAGE.
Mannell, R. C., & Kleiber, D. A. （1997）. A social psychology of leisure. United States of America. PA: Venture Publishing, Inc.
Mannell, R.C.; Zuzanek, J.; and Larson, R. (1988). Leisure states and flow experiences: testing perceived freedom and intrinsic motivation hypotheses. Journal of Leisure Research. 20(4), 289-304.
Marchionini, G. (1998). Information seeking in electronic environments. Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge University Press.
Maslow, A.H. (1970). Motivation and Personality. New York: Harper & Row.
McAuley, E., & Jacobson, L. (1991). Self-efficacy and exercise participation in sedentary adult females. American Journal of Health Promotion, 5(3), 185-191.
McNamara, Danielle S., and O’Reilly T. (2006). Learning: Knowledge representation, organization, and acquisition. Retrieved September 15, 2010, from http://csep.psyc.memphis.edu/istart/docs/KnowledgeAcquisitionJan1802. pdf
Michael, J. S., NA L., James H., Kevin C., and Robert H. (2009). Group Maintenance in Technology-Supported Distributed Teams. Retrieved November 17, 2010, from http://floss.syr.edu/system/files/Group%20Maintenance.pdf
Miller , H.I.（1967）.Participation of adults in education: A Force-field Analysis. Boston: Center for the Study of Liberal Education for Adult, Boston University.
Monette, M. L. (1977). The concept of education need: An analysis of selected literature. Adult Education, 27(2), 116-127.
Mull, R. F., Bayless, K. G., Ross, C. M. & Jamieson, L. M.(1997). Recreational sport management. 3 rd. Ed., Human Kinetics.
Norman, A., & Bente, W. (1992). Parental and peer influences on leisure-time physical activity in young adolescents. Research Quarterly and Sport, 63(4), 341-348.
Mullin, B. J., Hardy, S., and Sutton, W. A. (2000). Spot Marketing. IL: Human Kinetics.
Mundy, J. (1998). Leisure education: Theory and practice (2nd ed.). Champaign, IL: Sagamore Publishing.
Nan Lin. 2001. "Guanxi: A Conceptual Analysis." In The Chinese Triangle of Mainland, Taiwan, and Hong Kong: Comparative Institutional Analysis, edited by A. So, N. Lin and D. Poston. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (2001). Social capital, intellectual capital and the organizational advantage. Academy of Management Review, 1998, 23(2), 242–266.
Neulinger, J. 1981. The Psychology of Leisure. 2nd ed. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas.
Niedźwiedzka, B. (2003). A proposed general model of information behavior. Information Research, 9(1), October 2003.
Nissen, M. E. (2002) An Extended Model of Knowledge-Flow Dynamics. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 8, 251-266.
Nonaka, I. ＆ Takeuchi, H. (1995). The Knowledge Creating Company. New York：Oxford University Press.
Ory, J. C., & Braskamp, L. A. (1988). Involvement and growth of students in three academic programs. Research in Higher Education, 28, 116-129.
Pace, C. R. (1984). Measuring the quality of college students experience. University of California, Los Angeles: Higher Education Research Institute.
Pace, C. R. (1988). CSEQ: Test manual & norms. University of California, Los Angeles: Center for the study of evaluation.
Pace, C. R. (1990). The undergraduates: A report of their activities and progress in college in the 1980’s. Center for the Study of Evaluation, University of California, Los Angeles.
Pargal, S., Gilligan, D. & Huq, M. (2000). Private provision of a public good - social capital and solid waste management in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Policy Research Working Paper Series 2422, The World Bank.
Pascarella, E. T., & Terenzini, P. T. (1983). Predicting voluntary freshman year persistence/withdrawal behavior in a residential university: a path analytic validation of Tinto’s model. Journal of Educational Psychology, 75(April), 215-226.
Pascarella, E. T., & Terenzini, P. T. (1991). How college affects students. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Pascarella, E. T., & Terenzini, P. T. (2005). How college affects students. A Third Decade of Research. Jossey-Bass.
Perry, M. & Hamm. B. C. (1969). Canonical analysis of relations between socioeconomic risk and personal influence in purchase decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 6, 351-354.
Pettigrew, K. E., Fidel, R., & Bruce, H. (2001). Conceptual frameworks in information behavior, Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 35, 43-78.
Pieper B. & Mott M. (1995). Nurses’ knowledge of pressure ulcer prevention, staging, and description. Advances in Wound Care 8, 34–40.
Polanyi, (1958). The Tacit Dimension. First published Doubleday & Co, 1966. Reprinted Peter Smith, Gloucester, Mass, 1983. Chapter 1: "Tacit Knowing".
Porges, S.W. (2006). The Role of Social Engagement in Attachment and Bonding: A Phylogenetic Perspective. From Attachment and Bonding: A New Synthesis. The 92nd Dahlem Workshop Report, edited by C. S. Carter, L. Ahnert, K. E. Grossmann, S. B. Hrdy, M. E. Lamb, S. W. Porges, and N. Sachser, MIT Press, 33-37.
Rosenbaum H. (1996). Managers and Information in Organizations: Toward a Structurational Concept of the Information Use Environment of Managers. (Ph.D. diss., Syracuse University, 1996).
Roselius, T. (1971). Consumer rankings of risk reduction methods. Journal of Marketing, 35 (Jan), 56-61.
Ross, C. S. (1999). Finding without seeking: The information encounter in the context of reading for pleasure. Information Processing & Management, 35(6), 783-799.
Rubenson , K. (1979). Recruitment to adult education in the Nordic Countries : Research and Outreaching Activities. Sweden: Stockholm Inst of Education.
Sagi P.C., Olmstead D.W., &Atelsek F. (1955). Predicting maintenance of membership in small groups. Abnormal Social Psychology, 51, 308–311.
Sallis, E. & Jones, G. (2002). Knowledge management in education: Enhancing learning & education. London: Kogan Page.
Savolainen, R. (1995). Everyday life information seeking: approaching information seeking in the context of way of life. Library & Information Science Research, 17(3), 259-294.
Savolainen, R. & Jarkko K. (2007). Relationships between information seeking and context: a qualitative study of Internet searching and the goals of personal development. - Library & Information Science Research, 29 (1), 47-69.
Scanlan, T.K., Carpenter, P.J., Schmidt, G.W., Simons, J.P., & Keeker, B. (1993). An Introduction to the sport commitment model. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 15, 1-15.
Schutz, A. & Luckman, T. (1973). The Structures of the Life-World. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.
Scissons, E.H. (1982). Typology of needs assessment definitions in adult education. Adult Education, 33(1), 20-28.
Scott, J. (1991). Social Network Analysis. London: Sage.
Senge, P. (1997). Sharing Knowledge. Executive Excellence, 14(11):17-18.
Shadbolt N. (2009). Knowledge Acquisition. Retrieved July 6, 2009, from http://www.epistemics.co.uk/Notes/63-0-0.htm
Simon, H.A. (1981). The Sciences of the Artificial. Boston: MIT Press.
Skinner, B. F. (1938). Behavior of Organisms. New York: Copley Pub Group.
Sonnenwald, D.H. (1999). Evolving perspectives of human information behavior: Contexts, situations, social networks and information horizons. In T. Wilson (Ed.), Information Seeking in Context. New York: MacGraw Hill.
Spiegler, I.（2000）. Knowledge Management：A New Idea or A Recycled Concept. Communications of The AIS, 3, 14.
Spink, A. & Ozmutlu, H.C. (2001). Sexually related information seeking on the web. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 545-554.
Stage, F. (1989). Motivation, academic and social integration and the early dropout. American Educational Research Journal, 26, 385-402.
Stebbins, R. A. (1979). Amateurs: On the Margin between Work and Leisure. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publication.
Stebbins, R.A. (1982). Serious leisure: a conceptual statement. Pacific Sociological Review. 25(2), 251-272.
Stebbins, R. A. (1992a). Costs and Rewards in Barbershop Singing. Leisure Studies. 11, 123-133.
Stebbins, R. A. (1992b). Amateurs, Professionals, and Serious Leisure. Montreal: McGill Queen’s University Press.
Stebbins, R. A. (1994). The Liberal Arts Hobbies: A Neglected Subtype of Serious Leisure. Leisure Studies. 17(1), 173-186.
Stebbins, R. A. (1996). Cultural Tourism as Serious Leisure. Annals of Tourism Research, 23, 948-950.
Stebbins, R. A. (1997a). Identity and Cultural Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research 24, 450-452.
Stebbins, R. A. (1997b).Casual Leisure: A Conceptual Statement. Leisure Studies, 16, 17-25.
Stebbins, R. A. (2001a). Serious Leisure. Society May/June, 53-57.
Stebbins, R. A. (2001b). New Directions in the Theory and Research of Serious Leisure. New York: The Edwin Mellen Press.
Stebbins, R.A. (2007). Serious leisure: A perspective for our time. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
Stebbins, R. A. (2008). Right leisure: Serious, casual, or project-based? Neuro Rehabilitation, 23(4), 335-341.
Stone, R. N. (1984). The Marketing Characteristics of Involvement. Advances in Consumer Research, 11, 210-215.
Stone, R. N. & Gronhaug, K. (1974). Perceived risk: further considerations for the marketing discipline. European Journal of Marketing, 38,.54-60.
Stogdill, R. M. (1959). Group Achievement: A Theory: The Experimental Evidence. New York: Oxford University Press.
Stokowski, P.A. (1994). Leisure in Society: A Network Structural Perspective. New York: Mansell Publishing. Wellman, B. (1997). An Electronic Group Is Virtually a Social Network. In Culture of the Internet Ed. S. Kiesler. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Thompson, B. (2000). Ten commandments of structural equation modeling. In L.G. Grimm & P.R. Yarnold (eds.), Reading and understanding more multivariate statistics. Washington, DC: APA.
Taylor, R.S. (1991). Information use environments. In B. Dervin & M. Voigt, (Eds.), Progress in Communication Sciences, 10, 217- 255. Norwood, NJ: ABLEX.
Tibbo H.R. (2005). Information Seeking Behaviors. School of Information and Library Science. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved September 29, 2010, from Tibbo-Information-Seeking-Behaviors. pdf.
Tinsley, H. E. A. and Tinsley, D.J. (1986). A theory of the attributes, benefits and causes of leisure experience. Leisure Sciences, 8, 1-45.
Tinto, V. (1997). Classrooms as communities: Exploring the educational character of student persistence. Journal of Higher Education, 68(6), 599-623.
Tinto, V., Goodsell, A., & Russo, P. (1993). Gaining a voice: The impact of collaborative learning on student experience in the first year of college. Unpublished manuscript. New York: Syracuse University.
Tomlinson, A. (1993). Culture of Commitment in Leisure: Notes towards the Understanding of a Serious Legacy. World Leisure and Recreation, 35, 6-9.
Tsaur, S-H., & Liang, Y-W. (2008). Serious leisure and recreation specialization. Leisure Sciences, 30(4), 325-341.
von Krogh, G., Ichijo, K. & Nonaka, I. (2000). Enabling knowledge creation : how to unlock the mystery of tacit knowledge and release the power of innovation. Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press.
Yakel, E. (2004). Seeking information, seeking connections, seeking meaning: Genealogists and family historians. Information Research, 10(1), paper 205. Retrieved September 26, 2010, from http://InformationRir/10-1/paper205.html
Wasserman, S. and Faust, K. (1994). Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Weiner, B. (1980). Human Motivation. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associations.
Wellman, B., & Berkowitz, S. D. (Eds.) (1997). Social Structures: A Network Approach. Stanford, CT: Jai Press.
Westre, K., & Weiss, M. (1991). The relationship between perceived coachingbehaviors and group cohesion in high school football teams. The Sport Psychologist, 5, 41-54.
Wijnhoven, F. (1998). Knowledge logistic in business contexts: Analyzing andn diagnosing knowledge sharing by logistics concepts. Knowledge and Process Management. 5, 143-157.
Wilson, T.D. (1981) On user studies and information needs. Journal of Documentation, 37(1), 3-15.
Wilson, T.D. & Walsh, C. (1996) Information behavior: an interdisciplinary perspective. A report to the British Library Research and Innovation Centre. London: British Library Research and Innovation Centre. (British Library Research and Innovation Report 10). Retrieved September 17, 2010, from http://informationr.net/tdw/publ/infbehav/prelims.html
Wilson, T.D. (1999). Models in information behavior research. Journal of Documentation, 55(3), 249-270.
Wilson, T.D. (2000). Human information behavior. Informing Science 3(2), 49-55. Retrieved October 1, 2007, from http://inform.nu/Articles/Vol3/v3n2p49-56.pdf
Witt, P. and Ellis, G. (1985). Development of a short form to assess perceived freedom in leisure. Journal of Leisure Research. 17(3), 225-233.
Woodside, A. G.（1976）. Interactions of Consumption Situations and Brand Attitudes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 61(6), 764-769.
Zahra, A. S. & George, G. (2002). Absorptive Capacity: A Review Reconceptualization, and Extension. Academy of Management Review, 27 (2), 185-203.
Zaichkowsky, J.L., (1985). Measuring the involvement construct. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(3), 341-352.
Zaichkowsky, J.L., (1994). Research notes: the personal involvement inventory: reduction, revision, and application to advertising. Journal of Advertising, 23(4), 59-70.
Zack, M.H. (1999). Developing a knowledge strategy. California Management Review, 41(3).