簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 王瀛晧
Wang, Ying-hao
論文名稱: 從地名的演變看中部地區開發族群的互動
Ethnic Groups Interaction of Central Taiwan during Development Period: A Sociolinguistic Study of Place Names
指導教授: 曹逢甫
Tsao, Feng-Fu
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 英語學系
Department of English
論文出版年: 2006
畢業學年度: 94
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 110
中文關鍵詞: 地名命名規則語言結構
英文關鍵詞: place names, naming patterns, linguistic structures
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:186下載:38
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 地名,是一群人在某一塊土地上生活過的痕跡,包含了歷史、地理以及語言三種要素。一如人名代表了命名者所附與被命名者的意義,地名也顯示了這塊土地對於當地居民的意義。然而在歷史、地理與語言的交互作用之下,如今呈現在我們眼前的地名泰半已無法從表面的字義瞭解當初命名的意義。以臺灣為例,歷經最早的原住民、海權時代西、荷兩國的佔領、明清以降漢人的移墾、馬關條約後日本的統治、到二次大戰後光復迄今,如此複雜的住民變化使得臺灣地名在解讀上有許多的困難。針對這個現象,有學者認為漢語地名的演化方式不外乎(a)漢字譯音而後簡化縮短;(b)譯意;(c)完全更換;(d)保留土著族統稱(洪敏麟,1980);另有學者提出地質學中化石的概念,認為可經由開發的時間先後,來推論地名所歷經的演變(陳正祥,1959)。大體而言,現有的地名研究多半是橫斷面的將地名加以分類,再就各個類別探索當中的演化。
     本研究採用化石層的概念,認為現今的地名是由各個開發的族群先後以各自的文化堆疊而成,而當中所採用的語言規則各有不同,提供的是一個縱剖面的角度。將每一個時期的住民視為一「層」,而每一「層」均有其不同的地名命名語言規則,按著時間軸的順序累加演變成為現今的地名。由於地名相對於人名有著
    不易更動的穩定特質,縱使景物變遷,然而從地名當中我們仍可看出曾經活動於這塊土地上族群的痕跡。
     本研究以中部地區為主要研究範圍,包含現在的台中、彰化、南投縣市以及部分苗栗與雲林地區。現今台灣的社會以閩南族群為多數,然而透過地名演變規則的回溯,我們發現除了閩南族群之外,原住民,尤其是南島平埔族,以及客家族群都曾在中部地區的開發上扮演重要的角色,並且有過密切的互動。近年來有不少地方開始重新使用當地的舊地名,例如台中縣清水的港區藝術中心有個「牛罵頭文化園區」,彰化中學畢業生的紀念書包上寫著「半線風情」,希望透過舊地名的還原,在台灣中部地區的開發史中留給這些族群一個位置,也讓不同的語言文化,豐富我們的視野。

    There are three components of place names: history, geography, and language. Place names have to be expressed through language, so language shall play an important role in studying place names. However, for lack of systematic research, most literatures on place names of Taiwan are still first-hand field work data.
    There were different ethnic groups inhabited in Taiwan in the past centuries, including aboriginal Austronesia people, the Spanish and the Dutch, Han Chinese, and the Japanese. Each one of them had their own naming patterns of place names according to their linguistic structures, and so as time went by, they kept accumulating just like fossilized layers. Like personal names, place names were given certain meanings in the first place. Nevertheless, place names, comparing with personal names, tend to be more descriptive and objective, lasting longer and are relatively stable (Li, 1998). As referents, place names reflect significantly the language and culture of the inhabitants, so different linguistic rules and practices of different ethnic groups can be seen in place names’ morphology and naming patterns.
    The present study then focuses on the place names of central Taiwan, expecting to construct a clearer and more complete view of development of central Taiwan through applying linguistic analysis to place names.
    In the study we find that actually the Pingpu and Hakka people did play important roles in the development of central Taiwan, although nowadays Hoklo people are the dominant group of central Taiwan. In fact they had quite close interactions with each other. Recently some areas of central Taiwan start to restore their old place names. Through these restorations, we hope that these ethnic groups can be remembered in the development history, and our horizons can be broadened by their languages and cultures.

    Table of Contents Chapter I: Motivation __________________________________________________1 Chapter II: Literature Reviews ___________________________________________4 Chapter III: Methodology ______________________________________________13 Chapter IV: Findings and Discussions ____________________________________ 17 1. Ethnic Groups Involved in the Development of Central Taiwan ___________ 17 1.1 Austronesia People ___________________________________________ 17 1.1.1 Pazah ________________________________________________18 1.1.2 Babuza _______________________________________________24 1.1.3 Taokas _______________________________________________ 25 1.1.4 Papora _______________________________________________ 28 1.1.5 Hoanya _______________________________________________29 1.1.6 Atayal ________________________________________________32 1.2 Foreigners ___________________________________________________33 1.3 Han People __________________________________________________ 34 2. The Development of Central Taiwan _________________________________ 38 2.1 Progress of Development _______________________________________ 38 2.1.1 Dutch Occupation ______________________________________ 38 2.1.2 Ming Zheng ___________________________________________ 39 2.1.3 Ching Dynasty _________________________________________ 40 2.1.4 Japanese Colonization ___________________________________ 44 2.1.5 Republic of China ______________________________________ 46 2.2 The Ways of Development _______________________________________ 47 2.2.1 Cultivation ______________________________________________47 2.2.1.1 Organization ________________________________________48 2.2.1.2 Defense and Steles ___________________________________50 2.2.1.3 Measurement of Area and Tax Collecting Bureau ___________52 2.2.1.4 Irrigation __________________________________________ 53 2.2.1.5 Implements and Storehouse ____________________________56 2.2.1.6 Workshop ____________________________________________57 2.2.2 Trade __________________________________________________ 58 3. Ethnic Groups Interactions __________________________________________ 61 3.1 Dutch vs. Austronesian Plain Groups ______________________________ 61 3.2 Han People vs. Austronesian Plain Groups __________________________ 62 3.3 Han People vs. Atayal __________________________________________ 65 3.4 Among Han Ethnic Groups ______________________________________ 66 3.5 Han People vs. Japanese ________________________________________ 71 3.6 Japanese vs. Austronesian People _________________________________ 73 4. Language Ecology from the Perspective of Place Names ___________________74 4.1 Linguistic Structures and Naming Patterns __________________________ 74 4.1.1 The Dutch _______________________________________________74 4.1.2 Austronesian ____________________________________________ 75 4.1.3 Han Chinese _____________________________________________77 4.1.4 Japanese ________________________________________________87 4.2 Transliteration Problems of Place Names ___________________________ 88 4.3 Official Changes on Place Names _________________________________ 94 4.3.1 Ching Dynasty ___________________________________________94 4.3.2 Japanese Colonization _____________________________________ 96 4.3.3 Republic of China ________________________________________ 98 Chapter V: Conclusions and Suggestions ___________________________________ 100 Chapter VI: Limitations and Further Research Suggestions _____________________ 102 References ___________________________________________________________ 103 Appendixes ___________________________________________________________110 Tables Table I Hometown of Taiwan Immigrants __________________________________35 Table II Administrative System of Taiwan during the Ching Dynasty _____________41 Table III The Trend of Armed Fighting in Taiwan during the Ching Dynasty (space) _68 Table IV The Trend of Armed Fighting in Taiwan during the Ching Dynasty (type) _ 70 Maps Map 1 The Administrative Map of Taiwan ___________________________________14 Map 2 The Old Map of Central Taiwan during the Ching Dynasty _________________15 Map 3 The Old Map of Central Taiwan during the Ching Dynasty (Pazah) __________19 Map 4 The Old Map of Central Taiwan during the Ching Dynasty (Babuza) _________25 Map 5 The Old Map of Central Taiwan during the Ching Dynasty (Taokas) _________ 26 Map 6 The Old Map of Central Taiwan during the Ching Dynasty (Papora) _________ 29 Map 7 The Old Map of Central Taiwan during the Ching Dynasty (Hoanya) ________ 31 Map 8 The Bao Map of Central Taiwan in Ching Dynasty (清代台灣堡圖, Da-ya) ___ 89

    Abe, Akiyoshi, 1994, Study on Taiwan Place names (台灣地名研究), Taiepi, Woo-ling (武陵)
    Chang, Yiou-chi, 2003, Study on Taiwan Pingpu Village Names (臺灣平埔族社名研究), SMC (南天)
    Chen, Guo-chang, 1994, Taiwan Place Names Corpus (臺灣地名學文集), Taiepi, NTNU
    Chen, Guo-chang, 1998, Taiwan Place Names Dictionary (臺灣地名辭典), Taipei, Geography Department, NTNU
    Chen, Guo-chang, 1999, Telling the Distribution of Quan and Chang Groups from place names—Take Taiwan Place Names as Examples (從地名可辨別泉、漳語群的分佈-以臺灣地名為例), Geographical Education (地理教育), 24, pp. 1-3, Taipei, Geography Department, NTNU
    Chen, Guo-chang, 1999, The Influence of Language Contacts on Place Names – Take Taiwan Place Names as Examples (不同語群的接觸對地名命名的影響-以臺灣為例), Geographical Education (地理教育), 25, pp. 1-4, Taipei, Geography Department, NTNU
    Chen, Guo-chang, 2002, Telling the Distribution of Language Groups from Place Name – Take Bei-tou of Taiepi as an Example (從地名看語族分佈-以台北市北投區為例), Geographical Education (地理教育), 28, pp. 19-25, Taipei, Geography Department, NTNU
    Chen, Yan-zheng, 1986, The Development History of An-li Village in Taichung County (台中縣岸裡社開發史), Taichung County Cultural Center (台中縣立文化中心)
    Chen, Zheng-xiang, 1960, Taiwan Place Name Dictionary (台灣地名辭典)
    Chiang, Chun-long, 2003, Study on Da-pu Hakka of Taiwan and Mainland China (兩岸大埔客家話研究), Doctoral Dissertation
    Chiu, Wen-guang, 1981, Discovery of Miao-li Place Names (苗栗縣地名探源), Miao-li, Committee of Miao-li Place Names
    Chiu, Yan-Kui, Wu, Zhong-je, 2001, The map of Taiwan Hakka (台灣客家地圖), Taipei, Cite (城邦)
    Dakamura, 2002, Study on Taiwan’s History during the Dutch Occupation (荷蘭時代台灣史研究), Taipei, Dou-xiang (稻鄉)
    Hong, Min-lin, Chen, Han-guang, 1969, Collection of Taiwan Bao Maps (臺灣堡圖集), Taipei, Taiwan Province Archives (台灣省文獻委員會)
    Hong, Min-lin, 1980, The Development of Taiwan Old Place Names, Book 1 (台灣舊地名之沿革,第一冊), Taiwan Province Archives (台灣省文獻委員會)
    Hong, Min-lin, 1983, The Development of Taiwan Old Place Names, Book 2, Part I (台灣舊地名之沿革,第二冊<上>), Taiwan Province Archives (台灣省文獻委員會)
    Hong, Min-lin, 1984, The Development of Taiwan Old Place Names, Book 2, Part II (台灣舊地名之沿革,第二冊<下>), Taiwan Province Archives (台灣省文獻委員會)
    Hong, Min-lin, Qu, Hwei-li, 1994, Historical Review of Li-tou-dian (犁頭店歷史的回顧), Taichung City Cultural Center (台中市立文化中心)
    Hong, Li-wan, 1997, Study on the Pingpu People of Central Taiwan: Sha-lu and An-li Villages (台灣中部平埔族沙轆社與岸裡大社之研究), Dou-xiang (稻鄉)
    Hong, Yin-sheng, 1995, Back to Hometown—Discovery of Taiwan Place Names,
    Part I (情歸故鄉—台灣地名探索 <壹>)
    Hong, Yin-sheng, 1999, The Map of Taiwan during Emperor Kang-xi (畫說康熙臺灣輿圖), Nan-tou, Council of Cultural Affairs (文建會)
    Hong, Yin-sheng, 1999, The Map of Taiwan during Emperor Qian-long (畫說乾隆臺灣輿圖), Nan-tou, Council of Cultural Affairs (文建會)
    Huang, Mei-jin, 2000, Reference Grammar of Atayal (泰雅語參考語法), Taipei, Yuan-liu (遠流)
    Huang, Shuan-fan, 1994, Language, Society, and Ethnic Identity—research on Taiwan Sociology of Language (語言、社會與族群意識—台灣語言社會學的研究), Taipei, Crane (文鶴)
    Huang, Xiu-zheng, 1992, “Grouped Fighting in Taiwan during the Ching Dynasty” (清代的台灣分類械鬥事件), in “Study on Taiwan History” (台灣史研究), Taipei, Student Book (學生書局)
    Ino, Kanori, 1909, Continuation of Great Japan place name dictionary, third: Taiwan (大日本地名辭書續編,第三台灣)
    Li, Jen-Kui, 1992, Groups and Interactions of Taiwan Pingpu People (台灣平埔族的種類及其相互關係), Taipei, Zhang-min Culture (常民文化)
    Li, Jen-Kui, 2000,The History and interactions of Taiwan Pingpu People (臺灣平埔族的歷史與互動), Third Ed., Taipei, Zhang-min Culture (常民文化)
    Li, Ru-long, 1998, Discussions on Place Names of Han Chinese (漢語地名學論稿), Shang-hai, Shang-hai Education Publisher (上海教育出版社)
    Lin, Wen-long, 1998, The Development of Central Taiwan (台灣中部的開發), First Ed., Taipei, Zhang-min Culture (常民文化)
    Lin, Yin-jin, 2000, Pazah (巴則海語), Taipei, Yuan-liou (遠流)
    Liu, Huan-yue, 1995, Search for Taiwan Pingpu People (尋訪台灣平埔族), Taiepi, Taipei, Zhang-min Culture (常民文化)
    Lu, Shun-an, 1986, The Historical Changes on Place Names of Taichung City (台中市地名沿革), Nan-tou, Taiwan Province Archives (台灣省文獻委員會)
    Lu, Shun-an, 1994, Historical Field Data of Taichung City (台中市鄉土史料), Nan-tou, Taiwan Province Archives (台灣省文獻委員會)
    Lu, Shun-an, 1994, Historical Field Data of Taichung County (台中縣鄉土史料), Nan-tou, Taiwan Province Archives (台灣省文獻委員會)
    NTU Library, 1998, Ino Kanori and Taiwan studies : a special exhibition of Ino collections (伊能嘉矩與臺灣研究特展專刊), Taipei, NTU Library
    Ogawa, Naoyoshi, Li, Paul Jen-kui, 2003, English-Favorlang vocabulary / by Naoyoshi Ogawa with an introduction by Paul Jen-kui Li, Asian and African lexicon series : 43, Tokyo, Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa
    Pan, Da-he, 2002, History of the Pingpu Pazah (平埔巴宰族滄桑史), 2nd ed., Taipei, SMC (南天)
    Shen, Zheng-lang, 1979, Stories of Taichung (細說台中), Series of UDN (聯合報叢
    書)
    Tsai, Shu-lin, 2004, Linguistic Study on Taiwan Southern – Min Geographical Names: Discussions on Their Cultural Meanings and Development (臺灣閩南語地名之語言研究-兼論其文化意含與演變), Master Thesis of NHCUE
    Tsao, Feng-fu, 2004, The Development of the Greater Taipei Area and the Relationship between the Different Ethnic Groups and the Linguistic Ecological State of the Area during the Period of Development (臺北地區的開發與開發期間的族群互動及語言生態), First International Conference of the Study on Taipei (第一屆「臺北學」國際學術研討會)
    Wang, Zhi-wen, 2004, Proceedings of First Toponymy Conference (第一屆地名學術研討會論文集), Taiepi, Ministry of General Affairs
    Wu, Xin-zheng, 2003, Investigation of Traditional Aboriginal Mountain and River Names, Part III: North of Jen-ai Township of Nan-tou County, (原住民族山川傳統名稱調查研究, 第三期: 南投仁愛鄉以北), Geography Department of NTNU
    Wu, Zhong-je, 1999, The Distribution and Study of Taiwan Hoklo Hakka (台灣福佬客分布及其語言研究), Master Thesis of NTNU
    Ye, Mu-dan, 2002, Using Han Chinese Morphology and Phonetics to Understand Hakka Place Names—Hakka Townships in Tao-yuan, Hsin-chu and Miao-li area (用漢語構詞及語音解讀客家地名—以桃竹苗地區的客家鄉鎮市為例), Master Thesis of NHCUE
    Yin, Chang-yi, 1989, Researches on the Development History of Taiwan (臺灣開發史研究), Taipei, Linking Book (聯經)
    Zhou, Giu-lin, 1998, Stories of Taiwan Development – Central Part (臺灣開發故事—中部地區), Tien-wei Culture (天衛文化)
    平埔文化資訊網 http://www.sinica.edu.tw/~pingpu/
    地名檢索系統http://tgnis.ascc.net/placename/

    QR CODE