研究生: |
陳婷姿 Chen, Ting-Tzu |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
部分睡眠剝奪後攝取咖啡因對認知及10公里跑步表現之影響 Effects of caffeine ingestion on cognitive and 10-km run performance following partial sleep deprivation |
指導教授: |
王鶴森
Wang, Ho-Seng |
口試委員: |
王鶴森
Wang, Ho-Seng 陳勇志 Chen, Yung-Chin 黃崇儒 Huang, Chung-Ju |
口試日期: | 2022/01/25 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
體育與運動科學系運動科學碩士在職專班 Continuing Education Master's Program of Sports Science |
論文出版年: | 2022 |
畢業學年度: | 110 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 67 |
中文關鍵詞: | 睡眠限制 、咖啡 、有氧運動 、覺醒 |
英文關鍵詞: | sleep restriction, caffeine, aerobic exercise, arousal |
研究方法: | 實驗設計法 |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202200319 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:184 下載:45 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
背景:部分睡眠剝奪(partial sleep deprivation, PSD)會對耐力運動表現及認知功能產生負面影響。先前研究顯示單次咖啡因增補可以提升立即性耐力運動表現及認知功能,且認知功能在立即性耐力運動後可以獲得改善。但對於部分睡眠剝奪後增補咖啡因對耐力運動表現,及在立即性耐力運動後的認知功能是否有加乘之效益仍不清楚。目的:探討部分睡眠剝奪後,增補咖啡因對立即性耐力運動表現之影響及在立即性耐力運動後認知功能是否有加乘之效益。方法:招募10名有跑步習慣的男性,以雙盲、重複量數、平衡次序的設計,進行部分睡眠剝奪(3:00至6:00)搭配咖啡因增補(每公斤體重6毫克)及安慰劑兩種實驗處理,隨後並進行一次跑步機10公里計時測驗,且在增補前、增補後和運動後測量史翠普作業(stroop test)。另外,實驗過程亦收集呼吸、心跳、運動自覺努力程度之數據。統計方法以重複量數ANOVA比較增補因子、時間因子對認知功能之差異;相依樣本t檢定比較增補因子對10公里計時測驗表現之差異。結果:咖啡因增補處理之10公里計時測驗成績顯著優於安慰劑處理(47.85 ± 7.29分鐘 vs. 51.39 ± 8.42分鐘)(p < .05)。反應正確率部分,不論是一致情境或不一致情境在增補處理間及時間點之間皆無顯著差異(p > .05);反應時間部分,不論是一致情境或不一致情境在增補處理間皆無顯著差異,但增補前顯著大於增補後,且增補後大於運動後(p < .05)。結論:在部分睡眠剝奪的狀況下,增補每公斤體重6毫克的咖啡因,可以提升耐力運動表現,但並未有助於改善認知功能。
Background: Partial sleep deprivation (PSD) impairs endurance exercise performane and coginitive function. Previous studies have shown that caffeine (CAF) supplement can elevated acute endurance exercise performance and coginitive function, and that cognitive function can be improved after acute endurance exercise. However, it’s unclear whether CAF supplementation after PSD has an effect on the performance of acute endurance exercise and whether there is a synergistic effect on cognitive function after acute endurance exercise. Purpose: It aimed to investigate the effects of CAF supplementation on performance of acute endurance exercise after PSD and whether there is a synergistic effect on cognitive function after acute endurance exercise. Method: 10 young physically active men were recruited and double-blinded, repeat the measurement and crossover design. PSD (3:00-6:00) was treated with each trial, CAF (6mg/kg) supplementation or placebo (PLA), followed by a treadmill 10-km time-trial (TT)and cognitive function tests were measured pre-supplementation, post-supplementation, and post-exercise. In addition, data on V̇O2 max, HR, and RPE were also collected during the experiment. A repeated measures ANOVA with two within factors (time and supplemenetary) was used to determine different the coginitive function;The t test compares the performance of the supplementary factor on the treadmill 10 km TT after PSD. Results: There was a significant difference in CAF supplementation or PLA of the 10km TT (47.85 ± 7.29 min vs. 51.39 ± 8.42 min) (p < .05). There was no sigficant difference in CAF supplementation or PLA between the trials of the correct response rate, whether in a consistent or inconsistent situation (p > .05);Response time (RT), no matter consistent or inconsistent, there was no significant difference, but pre-supplementation was significantly greater than post-supplementation, and post-supplementation was greater than post-exercise (p < .05). Conclusion: Supplementing CAF (6mg/kg) can increased endurance exercise performance in conditions of PSD, but did not improved cognitive function.
衛生福利部 (2014)。選購認清咖啡因含量,保障你我健康。取自 https://www.mohw.gov.tw/cp-3204-21749-1.html
Abbiss, C. R., & Laursen, P. B. (2005). Models to explain fatigue during prolonged endurance cycling. Sports Medicine, 35(10), 865-898.
Angevaren, M., Aufdemkampe, G., Verhaar, H. J., Aleman, A., & Vanhees, L. (2008). Physical activity and enhanced fitness to improve cognitive function in older people without known cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Systematic Review(3), Cd005381. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005381.pub3
Astorino, T. A., Cottrell, T., Lozano, A. T., Aburto-Pratt, K., & Duhon, J. (2012). Increases in cycling performance in response to caffeine ingestion are repeatable. Nutrition research (New York, NY), 32(2), 78-84.
Axelsson, J., Kecklund, G., Akerstedt, T., Donofrio, P., Lekander, M., & Ingre, M. (2008). Sleepiness and performance in response to repeated sleep restriction and subsequent recovery during semi-laboratory conditions. Chronobiology International, 25(2), 297-308. doi:10.1080/07420520802107031
Ayas, N. T., White, D. P., Al-Delaimy, W. K., Manson, J. E., Stampfer, M. J., Speizer, F. E., ... Hu, F. B. (2003). A prospective study of self-reported sleep duration and incident diabetes in women. Diabetes Care, 26(2), 380-384. doi:10.2337/diacare.26.2.380
Azboy, O., & Kaygisiz, Z. (2009). Effects of sleep deprivation on cardiorespiratory functions of the runners and volleyball players during rest and exercise. Acta Physiologica Hungarica, 96(1), 29-36.
Balkin, T. J., Bliese, P. D., Belenky, G., Sing, H., Thorne, D. R., Thomas, M., ... Wesensten, N. J. (2004). Comparative utility of instruments for monitoring sleepiness‐related performance decrements in the operational environment. Journal of Sleep Research, 13(3), 219-227.
Belenky, G., Wesensten, N. J., Thorne, D. R., Thomas, M. L., Sing, H. C., Redmond, D. P., ... Balkin, T. J. (2003). Patterns of performance degradation and restoration during sleep restriction and subsequent recovery: a sleep dose-response study. Journal of Sleep Research, 12(1), 1-12. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2003.00337.x
Bell, D. G., McLellan, T. M., & Sabiston, C. M. (2002). Effect of ingesting caffeine and ephedrine on 10-km run performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(2), 344-349. doi:10.1097/00005768-200202000-00024
Bonnet, M. H. (1986). Performance and sleepiness following moderate sleep disruption and slow wave sleep deprivation. Physiology and Behavior, 37(6), 915-918.
Borg, G. (1970). Perceived exertion as an indicator of somatic stress. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine.
Bostrom, N., & Sandberg, A. (2009). Cognitive enhancement: methods, ethics, regulatory challenges. Science Engineering Ethics, 15(3), 311-341. doi:10.1007/s11948-009-9142-5
Bridge, C., & Jones, M. (2006). The effect of caffeine ingestion on 8 km run performance in a field setting. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(4), 433-439.
Buxton, O. M., Pavlova, M., Reid, E. W., Wang, W., Simonson, D. C., & Adler, G. K. (2010). Sleep restriction for 1 week reduces insulin sensitivity in healthy men. Diabetes, 59(9), 2126-2133. doi:10.2337/db09-0699
Buysse, D. J., Reynolds III, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research, 28(2), 193-213.
Bühler, E., Lachenmeier, D., Schlegel, K., & Winkler, G. (2014). Development of a tool to assess the caffeine intake among teenagers and young adults. Ernahrungs Umschau, 61(4), 58-63.
Chang, Y.-K., Chu, C.-H., Wang, C.-C., Wang, Y.-C., Song, T.-F., Tsai, C.-L., & Etnier, J. L. (2015). Dose-response relation between exercise duration and cognition. Medicine and Science Sports in Exercise, 47, 159-165.
Chen, X., Zhang, L., Yang, D., Li, C., An, G., Wang, J., ... Ma, Q. (2020). Effects of Caffeine on Event-Related Potentials and Neuropsychological Indices After Sleep Deprivation. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 14, 108. doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00108
Christopher, G., Sutherland, D., & Smith, A. (2005). Effects of caffeine in non-withdrawn volunteers. Human Psychopharmacology, 20(1), 47-53. doi:10.1002/hup.658
Cook, C., Beaven, C. M., Kilduff, L. P., & Drawer, S. (2012). Acute caffeine ingestion’s increase of voluntarily chosen resistance-training load after limited sleep. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 22(3), 157-164.
Cook, C. J., Crewther, B. T., Kilduff, L. P., Drawer, S., & Gaviglio, C. M. (2011). Skill execution and sleep deprivation: effects of acute caffeine or creatine supplementation - a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 8, 2. doi:10.1186/1550-2783-8-2
Colcombe, S., & Kramer, A. F. (2003). Fitness effects on the cognitive function of older adults: a meta-analytic study. Psychological Science, 14(2), 125-130. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.t01-1-01430
Cotman, C. W., & Berchtold, N. C. (2002). Exercise: a behavioral intervention to enhance brain health and plasticity. Trends in Neurosciences, 25(6), 295-301. doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(02)02143-4
Cullen, T., Thomas, G., Wadley, A. J., & Myers, T. (2019). The effects of a single night of complete and partial sleep deprivation on physical and cognitive performance: a bayesian analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 37(23), 2726-2734. doi:10.1080/02640414.2019.1662539
Cunningham, J. E. A., Jones, S. A. H., Eskes, G. A., & Rusak, B. (2018). Acute Sleep Restriction Has Differential Effects on Components of Attention. Front Psychiatry, 9, 499. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00499
Davis, C. L., Tomporowski, P. D., McDowell, J. E., Austin, B. P., Miller, P. H., Yanasak, N. E., ... Naglieri, J. A. (2011). Exercise improves executive function and achievement and alters brain activation in overweight children: a randomized, controlled trial. Health Psychology, 30(1), 91-98. doi:10.1037/a0021766
Ding, Q., Vaynman, S., Akhavan, M., Ying, Z., & Gomez-Pinilla, F. (2006). Insulin-like growth factor I interfaces with brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mediated synaptic plasticity to modulate aspects of exercise-induced cognitive function. Neuroscience, 140(3), 823-833. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.02.084
Donald, C. M., Moore, J., McIntyre, A., Carmody, K., & Donne, B. (2017). Acute Effects of 24-h Sleep Deprivation on Salivary Cortisol and Testosterone Concentrations and Testosterone to Cortisol Ratio Following Supplementation with Caffeine or Placebo. International Journal Exercise Science, 10(1), 108-120.
Doran, S. M., Van Dongen, H. P., & Dinges, D. F. (2001). Sustained attention performance during sleep deprivation: evidence of state instability. Archives Italiennes de Biologie, 139(3), 253-267.
Drummond, S. P., Anderson, D. E., Straus, L. D., Vogel, E. K., & Perez, V. B. (2012). The effects of two types of sleep deprivation on visual working memory capacity and filtering efficiency. PloS One, 7(4), e35653.
Durmer, J. S., & Dinges, D. F. (2005). Neurocognitive consequences of sleep deprivation. Seminars in Neurology, 25(1), 117-129. doi:10.1055/s-2005-867080
Dyer, F. N. (1971). The duration of word meaning responses: Stroop interference for different preexposures of the word. Psychonomic Science, 25(4), 229-231.
Einöther, S. J., & Giesbrecht, T. (2013). Caffeine as an attention enhancer: reviewing existing assumptions. Psychopharmacology, 225(2), 251-274.
Ellemberg, D., & St-Louis-Deschênes, M. (2010). The effect of acute physical exercise on cognitive function during development. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11(2), 122-126.
Ferré, S. (2016). Mechanisms of the psychostimulant effects of caffeine: implications for substance use disorders. Psychopharmacology, 233(10), 1963-1979. doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4212-2
Fietze, I., Strauch, J., Holzhausen, M., Glos, M., Theobald, C., Lehnkering, H., & Penzel, T. (2009). Sleep quality in professional ballet dancers. Chronobiology International, 26(6), 1249-1262. doi:10.3109/07420520903221319
Flowers, J. H. (1975). “Sensory” interference in a word-color matching task. Perception and Psychophysics, 18(1), 37-43.
Frank, M. G., & Benington, J. H. (2006). The role of sleep in memory consolidation and brain plasticity: dream or reality? The Neuroscientist, 12(6), 477-488.
Fredholm, B. B. (1995). Adenosine, adenosine receptors and the actions of caffeine. Pharmacology and Toxicology, 76(2), 93-101.
Fredholm, B. B., Abbracchio, M. P., Burnstock, G., Daly, J. W., Harden, K. T., Jacobson, K. A., ... Williams, M. (1994). VI. Nomenclature and classification of purinoceptors. Pharmacological Reviews, 46(2), 143.
Fredholm, B. B., Bättig, K., Holmén, J., Nehlig, A., & Zvartau, E. E. (1999). Actions of caffeine in the brain with special reference to factors that contribute to its widespread use. Pharmacological Reviews, 51(1), 83-133.
Fullagar, H. H., Skorski, S., Duffield, R., Hammes, D., Coutts, A. J., & Meyer, T. (2015). Sleep and athletic performance: the effects of sleep loss on exercise performance, and physiological and cognitive responses to exercise. Sports Medicine, 45(2), 161-186. doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0260-0
Gottlieb, D. J., Redline, S., Nieto, F. J., Baldwin, C. M., Newman, A. B., Resnick, H. E., & Punjabi, N. M. (2006). Association of usual sleep duration with hypertension: the Sleep Heart Health Study. Sleep, 29(8), 1009-1014. doi:10.1093/sleep/29.8.1009
Grandou, C., Wallace, L., Fullagar, H. H. K., Duffield, R., & Burley, S. (2019). The Effects of Sleep Loss on Military Physical Performance. Sports Medicine, 49(8), 1159-1172. doi:10.1007/s40279-019-01123-8
Grundgeiger, T., Bayen, U. J., & Horn, S. S. (2014). Effects of sleep deprivation on prospective memory. Memory, 22(6), 679-686. doi:10.1080/09658211.2013.812220
Harrison, Y., & Home, J. A. (2000). The Impact of Sleep Deprivation on Decision Making: a review. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 6(3), 236-249.
Harrison, Y., & Horne, J. A. (1999). One night of sleep loss impairs innovative thinking and flexible decision making. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 78(2), 128-145.
Haskell, C. F., Kennedy, D. O., Wesnes, K. A., & Scholey, A. B. (2005). Cognitive and mood improvements of caffeine in habitual consumers and habitual non-consumers of caffeine. Psychopharmacology, 179(4), 813-825. doi:10.1007/s00213-004-2104-3
Hartley, S., Barbot, F., Machou, M., Lejaille, M., Moreau, B., Vaugier, I., ... Quera-Salva, M. (2013). Combined caffeine and bright light reduces dangerous driving in sleep-deprived healthy volunteers: a pilot cross-over randomised controlled trial. Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology, 43(3), 161-169.
Hausswirth, C., Louis, J., Aubry, A., Bonnet, G., Duffield, R., & Y, L. E. M. (2014). Evidence of disturbed sleep and increased illness in overreached endurance athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 46(5), 1036-1045. doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000177
Hirshkowitz, M., Whiton, K., Albert, S. M., Alessi, C., Bruni, O., DonCarlos, L., ... Ware, J. C. (2015). National Sleep Foundation's updated sleep duration recommendations: final report. Sleep Health, 1(4), 233-243. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2015.10.004
Hillman, C. H., Snook, E. M., & Jerome, G. J. (2003). Acute cardiovascular exercise and executive control function. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 48(3), 307-314.
Horne, J. A., & Östberg, O. (1976). A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness-eveningness in human circadian rhythms. International Journal of Chronobiology.
Horne, J., & Pettitt, A. (1984). Sleep deprivation and the physiological response to exercise under steady-state conditions in untrained subjects. Sleep, 7(2), 168-179.
Hogervorst, E., Bandelow, S., Schmitt, J., Jentjens, R., Oliveira, M., Allgrove, J., ... Gleeson, M. (2008). Caffeine improves physical and cognitive performance during exhaustive exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 40(10), 1841-1851. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31817bb8b7
Irwin, C., Khalesi, S., Desbrow, B., & McCartney, D. (2020). Effects of acute caffeine consumption following sleep loss on cognitive, physical, occupational and driving performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 108, 877-888.
Jarraya, S., Jarraya, M., Chtourou, H., & Souissi, N. (2014). Effect of time of day and partial sleep deprivation on the reaction time and the attentional capacities of the handball goalkeeper. Biological Rhythm Research, 45(2), 183-191.
Jennings, J. R., Muldoon, M. F., Hall, M., Buysse, D. J., & Manuck, S. B. (2007). Self-reported sleep quality is associated with the metabolic syndrome. Sleep, 30(2), 219-223. doi:10.1093/sleep/30.2.219
Jones, A. M., & Doust, J. H. (1996). A 1% treadmill grade most accurately reflects the energetic cost of outdoor running. Journal of Sports Sciences, 14(4), 321-327.
Kenemans, J. L., Wieleman, J. S., Zeegers, M., & Verbaten, M. N. (1999). Caffeine and stroop interference. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 63(4), 589-598.
Khcharem, A., Souissi, M., Atheymen, R., Ben Mahmoud, L., & Sahnoun, Z. (2020). Effects of caffeine ingestion on 8-km run performance and cognitive function after 26 hours of sleep deprivation. Biological Rhythm Research, 1-11.
Kripke, D. F., Garfinkel, L., Wingard, D. L., Klauber, M. R., & Marler, M. R. (2002). Mortality associated with sleep duration and insomnia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59(2), 131-136. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.2.131
Landolt, H.-P. (2008). Sleep homeostasis: a role for adenosine in humans? Biochemical Pharmacology, 75, 2070-2079.
Lanini, J., Galduróz, J. C. F., & Pompéia, S. (2016). Acute personalized habitual caffeine doses improve attention and have selective effects when considering the fractionation of executive functions. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 31(1), 29-43.
Law, R., & Clow, A. (2020). Stress, the cortisol awakening response and cognitive function. International Review of Neurobiology, 150, 187-217.
Law, R., Evans, P., Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., & Clow, A. (2015). The cortisol awakening response predicts same morning executive function: results from a 50-day case study. Stress, 18(6), 616-621.
Lojovich, J. M. (2010). The relationship between aerobic exercise and cognition: is movement medicinal? Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 25(3), 184-192. doi:10.1097/HTR.0b013e3181dc78cd
Lo, J. C., Ong, J. L., Leong, R. L., Gooley, J. J., & Chee, M. W. (2016). Cognitive Performance, Sleepiness, and Mood in Partially Sleep Deprived Adolescents: the need for sleep study. Sleep, 39(3), 687-698. doi:10.5665/sleep.5552
López-Torres Hidalgo, J. (2019). Effectiveness of physical exercise in the treatment of depression in older adults as an alternative to antidepressant drugs in primary care. BioMed Central Psychiatry, 19(1), 21. doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1982-6
Louca, M., & Short, M. A. (2014). The effect of one night's sleep deprivation on adolescent neurobehavioral performance. Sleep, 37(11), 1799-1807. doi:10.5665/sleep.4174
Maridakis, V., Herring, M. P., & O'Connor, P. J. (2009). Sensitivity to change in cognitive performance and mood measures of energy and fatigue in response to differing doses of caffeine or breakfast. International Journal of Neuroscience, 119(7), 975-994.
Mattson, M. P., Maudsley, S., & Martin, B. (2004). BDNF and 5-HT: a dynamic duo in age-related neuronal plasticity and neurodegenerative disorders. Trends in Neurosciences, 27(10), 589-594. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2004.08.001
Martin, B. J. (1981). Effect of sleep deprivation on tolerance of prolonged exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 47(4), 345-354.
MacIntosh, B. R., & Wright, B. M. (1995). Caffeine ingestion and performance of a 1,500-metre swim. Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology, 20(2), 168-177.
Mallon, L., Broman, J. E., & Hetta, J. (2002). Sleep complaints predict coronary artery disease mortality in males: a 12-year follow-up study of a middle-aged swedish population. Journal of Internal Medicine, 251(3), 207-216. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.2002.00941.x
Machado, S., Sá Filho, A. S., Campos, C., de Paula, C. C., Bernardes, F., Murillo-Rodriguez, E., . . . Lattari, E. (2020). Can caffeine intake combined with aerobic exercise lead to improvement in attentional and psychomotor performance in trained individuals? IBRO reports, 8, 76-81.
McLellan, T. M., Bell, D. G., & Kamimori, G. H. (2004). Caffeine improves physical performance during 24 h of active wakefulness. Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine, 75(8), 666-672.
McLellan, T. M., Caldwell, J. A., & Lieberman, H. R. (2016). A review of caffeine's effects on cognitive, physical and occupational performance. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 71, 294-312. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.001
Meney, I., Waterhouse, J., Atkinson, G., Reilly, T., & Davenne, D. (1998). The effect of one night's sleep deprivation on temperature, mood, and physical performance in subjects with different amounts of habitual physical activity. Chronobiology International, 15(4), 349-363.
Mougin, F., Bourdin, H., Simon-Rigaud, M., Nhu, U. N., Kantelip, J., & Davenne, D. (2001). Hormonal responses to exercise after partial sleep deprivation and after a hypnotic drug-induced sleep. Journal of Sports Sciences, 19(2), 89-97. .
Nawrot, P., Jordan, S., Eastwood, J., Rotstein, J., Hugenholtz, A., & Feeley, M. (2003). Effects of caffeine on human health. Food Additives and Contaminants, 20(1), 1-30.
Oliver, S. J., Costa, R. J., Laing, S. J., Bilzon, J. L., & Walsh, N. P. (2009). One night of sleep deprivation decreases treadmill endurance performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 107(2), 155-161. doi:10.1007/s00421-009-1103-9
Park, S., & Etnier, J. L. (2019). Beneficial effects of acute exercise on executive function in adolescents. Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 16(6), 423-429.
Peterson, J., Lanier, L. H., & Walker, H. (1925). Comparisons of white and negro children in certain ingenuity and speed tests. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 5(3), 271.
Pesce, C., Cereatti, L., Forte, R., Crova, C., & Casella, R. (2011). Acute and chronic exercise effects on attentional control in older road cyclists. Gerontology, 57(2), 121-128. doi:10.1159/000314685
Rao, A., Hu, H., & Nobre, A. C. (2005). The effects of combined caffeine and glucose drinks on attention in the human brain. Nutritional Neuroscience, 8(3), 141-153. doi:10.1080/10284150500096994
Renda, G., Committeri, G., Zimarino, M., Di Nicola, M., Tatasciore, A., Ruggieri, B., ... Stuppia, L. (2015). Genetic determinants of cognitive responses to caffeine drinking identified from a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 25(6), 798-807.
Roberts, S. S., Teo, W.-P., Aisbett, B., & Warmington, S. A. (2019). Effects of total sleep deprivation on endurance cycling performance and heart rate indices used for monitoring athlete readiness. Journal of Sports Sciences, 37(23), 2691-2701.
Rogers, P. J., Heatherley, S. V., Hayward, R. C., Seers, H. E., Hill, J., & Kane, M. (2005). Effects of caffeine and caffeine withdrawal on mood and cognitive performance degraded by sleep restriction. Psychopharmacology, 179(4), 742-752. doi:10.1007/s00213-004-2097-y
Scarpina, F., & Tagini, S. (2017). The stroop color and word test. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 557.
Schmidt, C., Collette, F., Cajochen, C., & Peigneux, P. (2007). A time to think: circadian rhythms in human cognition. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 24(7), 755-789.
Sibley, B. A., Etnier, J. L., & Le Masurier, G. C. (2006). Effects of an acute bout of exercise on cognitive aspects of Stroop performance. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 28(3), 285-299.
Skein, M., Duffield, R., Edge, J., Short, M. J., & Mündel, T. (2011). Intermittent-sprint performance and muscle glycogen after 30 h of sleep deprivation. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(7), 1301-1311. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31820abc5a
Smith, A., Sutherland, D., & Christopher, G. (2005). Effects of repeated doses of caffeine on mood and performance of alert and fatigued volunteers. Journal Psychopharmacology, 19(6), 620-626. doi:10.1177/0269881105056534
Smith, P. J., Blumenthal, J. A., Hoffman, B. M., Cooper, H., Strauman, T. A., Welsh-Bohmer, K., ... Sherwood, A. (2010). Aerobic exercise and neurocognitive performance: a meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials. Psychosomatic Medicine, 72(3), 239-252. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181d14633
Smirmaul, B. P., de Moraes, A. C., Angius, L., & Marcora, S. M. (2017). Effects of caffeine on neuromuscular fatigue and performance during high-intensity cycling exercise in moderate hypoxia. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 117(1), 27-38. doi:10.1007/s00421-016-3496-6
Snel, J., & Lorist, M. M. (2011). Effects of caffeine on sleep and cognition. Progress in Brain Research (Vol. 190, pp. 105-117): Elsevier.
Souissi, W., Hammouda, O., Ayachi, M., Ammar, A., Khcharem, A., de Marco, G., ... Driss, T. (2020). Partial sleep deprivation affects endurance performance and psychophysiological responses during 12-minute self-paced running exercise. Physiology and Behavior, 227, 113165. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113165
Souissi, M., Abedelmalek, S., Bou Dhiba, D., Theodoros Nikolaidis, P., Ben Awicha, H., Chtourou, H., & Sahnoun, Z. (2015). Morning caffeine ingestion increases cognitive function and short-term maximal performance in footballer players after partial sleep deprivation. Biological Rhythm Research, 46(5), 617-629.
Souissi, M., Chikh, N., Affès, H., & Sahnoun, Z. (2018). Caffeine reversal of sleep deprivation effects on alertness, mood and repeated sprint performances in physical education students. Biological Rhythm Research, 49(5), 746-760.
Souissi, M., Chtourou, H., Abedelmalek, S., Ghozlane, I. B., & Sahnoun, Z. (2014). The effects of caffeine ingestion on the reaction time and short-term maximal performance after 36 h of sleep deprivation. Physiology and Behavior, 131, 1-6. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.04.012
Sturz, B. R., Green, M. L., Locker, L., Jr., & Boyer, T. W. (2013). Stroop interference in a delayed match-to-sample task: evidence for semantic competition. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 842. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00842
Stadheim, H. K., Kvamme, B., Olsen, R., Drevon, C. A., Ivy, J. L., & Jensen, J. (2013). Caffeine increases performance in cross-country double-poling time trial exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 45(11), 2175-2183. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182967948
Taber, K. H., & Hurley, R. A. (2006). Functional neuroanatomy of sleep and sleep deprivation. The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 18(1), 1-5.
Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R. (2001). Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 37(1), 153-156.
Tarazona-Santabalbina, F. J., Gómez-Cabrera, M. C., Pérez-Ros, P., Martínez-Arnau, F. M., Cabo, H., Tsaparas, K., ... Viña, J. (2016). A Multicomponent Exercise Intervention that Reverses Frailty and Improves Cognition, Emotion, and Social Networking in the Community-Dwelling Frail Elderly: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 17(5), 426-433. doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2016.01.019
Thomas, M., Sing, H., Belenky, G., Holcomb, H., Mayberg, H., Dannals, R., ... Rowland, L. (2000). Neural basis of alertness and cognitive performance impairments during sleepiness. I. Effects of 24 h of sleep deprivation on waking human regional brain activity. Journal of Sleep Research, 9(4), 335-352.
Trabulo, M., Mendes, M., Mesquita, A., & Seabra-Gomes, R. (1994). Does the modified Bruce protocol induce physiological stress equal to that of the Bruce protocol? Revista portuguesa de cardiologia: orgao oficial da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia= Portuguese journal of cardiology: an official journal of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology, 13(10), 753-760; 735-756.
van den Berg, J., & Neely, G. (2006). Performance on a simple reaction time task while sleep deprived. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 102(2), 589-599. doi:10.2466/pms.102.2.589-599
Vgontzas, A. N., Zoumakis, E., Bixler, E. O., Lin, H.-M., Follett, H., Kales, A., & Chrousos, G. P. (2004). Adverse effects of modest sleep restriction on sleepiness, performance, and inflammatory cytokines. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 89(5), 2119-2126.
Walton, C., Kalmar, J. M., & Cafarelli, E. (2002). Effect of caffeine on self-sustained firing in human motor units. Journal of Physiology, 545(2), 671-679. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2002.025064
Wang, C., Zhu, Y., Dong, C., Zhou, Z., & Zheng, X. (2020). Effects of Various Doses of Caffeine Ingestion on Intermittent Exercise Performance and Cognition. Brain Sciences, 10(9), 595.
Williamson, A. M., & Feyer, A.-M. (2000). Moderate sleep deprivation produces impairments in cognitive and motor performance equivalent to legally prescribed levels of alcohol intoxication. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 57(10), 649-655.
Wimmer, F., Hoffmann, R. F., Bonato, R. A., & Moffitt, A. R. (1992). The effects of sleep deprivation on divergent thinking and attention processes. Journal of Sleep Research, 1(4), 223-230.