簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 陳偉杰
Wei-chieh Chen
論文名稱: 立法院會議績效管理模式之建構
Modeling the Performance Management of Legislative Yuan Meetings
指導教授: 黃城
Huang, Chen
蘇聖珠
Su, Sheng-Chu
學位類別: 博士
Doctor
系所名稱: 政治學研究所
Graduate Institute of Political Science
論文出版年: 2009
畢業學年度: 97
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 352
中文關鍵詞: 立法院績效管理平衡計分卡層級分析法策略地圖
英文關鍵詞: Legislative Yuan, Performance Management, Balanced Score Card, Analytic Hierarchy Process, Strategy Maps
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:1118下載:15
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 一個有效率的會議,必須充分運用人力資源與避免時間浪費,如此始可達成會議之目的。立法院為我國最高立法機關,90年代起地位日漸重要。在精省與國民大會虛級化後,立法院更成為唯一的民意代表機關,其重要性可想而知。由於立法院所進行的會議議程關係全民福祉,因此會議績效之良窳,往往是民眾關心的重點。
    本研究採用平衡計分卡(balanced score card , BSC)之理論基礎與相關文獻分析,並提出立法院會議績效管理之五大構面、十六項策略主題及四十九項工作項目。藉由相關專家代表之問卷填答,採用層級分析法(analytic hierarchy process , AHP)分析結果,取得各層級項目之相對權重,建構出立法院會議績效管理之關鍵績效指標(key performance indicator, KPI),作為提升立法院會議績效管理之基礎;並推導出立法院會議績效管理策略地圖,歸納出主流程、次流程與關鍵流程等最佳決策,作為提供立法院提升會議績效管理之參考。
    審視立法院政治生態改變後之會議運作概況,發現立法委員人數減半對提升會議績效並無顯著成效,且會議績效不彰之原因應可歸納為非制度面與制度面探討。最後將「公民參與」概念與本研究之立法院會議績效管理指標及策略地圖相結合,勾勒出立法院會議績效管理模式雛形,作為提升會議績效管理之參考,以達成提升國會形象及尊嚴之最終目的。

    To achieve an effective conference which serves its purposes, time and resources ought to be precisely managed. The role of Legislative Yuan, the supreme legislative organization of Republic of China, has become of more importance since 1990s, with the downsizing of Taiwan Province Government and the degradation of National Assembly. As Legislative Yuan has become the sole governmental institution to gather and reflect public opinions, its status today involves power endowed by citizens and representation of nation’s interests. The regular meeting held at Legislative Yuan aim to discuss and pursue nation’s benefits, therefore, the performance management of which is inevitably the main concern of the general public.
    In this study, five constructs, sixteen theme strategies and forty nine work items are proposed on the basis of balanced score card (BSC) theory and related literatures. Respective hierarchy weights are obtained through the surveys on experts in the field by analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to develop the key performance indicators (KPI) of Legislative Yuan’s meeting performance management. Furthermore, based on the KPI acquired through survey and analysis, a strategy map for management of meeting performance will be generated on respective decision levels, as a suggestion to promotion of meeting performance management at Legislative Yuan.
    On examining the operation of the meetings after the change in political environment, the study found that the reduction of legislator seats to half doesn’t help enhance the meeting performance and the poor performance can be attributed into institutional and non-institutional factors, which are discussed in this study. Moreover, the concept of “Civil Participation” is combined with meeting performance management and strategy map in this study to propose a primary model of meeting performance management for daily practice, whose goal is to enhance the public perception and efficiency of our national congress.

    第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機與目的 1 第二節 名詞釋義與文獻分析 3 第三節 研究方法與範圍 28 第四節 待答問題與研究架構 32 第二章 會議績效管理相關理論與研究發展 37 第一節 公共管理相關理論 37 第二節 績效管理相關理論 51 第三節 平衡計分卡理論與應用 58 第四節 會議管理之探討與研析 76 第三章 研究設計與實施 85 第一節 研究流程與觀念性架構 85 第二節 專家意見調查訪問設計 90 第三節 AHP問卷設計與實施 99 第四節 層級分析法理論與應用 103 第四章 立法院會議績效管理指標建構之分析 117 第一節 第一次專家意見調查訪問結果與分析 117 第二節 第二次專家意見調查訪問結果與分析 134 第三節 立法院會議績效管理指標之層級架構 144 第五章 應用AHP探討立法院會議績效管理指標 155 第一節 立法院內之AHP問卷結果分析 155 第二節 行政部門之AHP問卷結果分析 175 第三節 立法院會議績效管理指標之綜合分析 193 第四節 立法院會議績效管理策略地圖之建構 211 第六章 立法院會議績效管理模式的評估與雛形 225 第一節 立法院政治生態改變之訴求檢討 225 第二節 立法院會議績效管理不彰之因素 232 第三節 立法院會議績效管理模型的評估 240 第四節 立法院會議績效管理模式之雛形 248 第七章 結論 255 第一節 研究發現 255 第二節 研究建議 262 第三節 研究展望 265 參考文獻 269 附錄 285

    一、中文文獻
    ARC遠擎管理顧問公司策略績效事業部(2001)譯,Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton著,《策略核心組織:以平衡計分卡有效執行企業策略》,台北:臉譜。
    于泳泓、陳依蘋(2004),《平衡計分卡完全教戰守策》,台北:梅霖。
    于泳泓譯(2002),Paul R. Niven 著,《平衡計分卡最佳實務:按部就班,成功導入》,台北:商周。
    王幼萍(2002),《國會倫理對立法院議事運作之分析》,國立政治大學行政管理碩士學程碩士論文,未出版。
    王毓仁(2000),〈公部門績效指標的設計與應用〉,《人力發展》,第82期,頁35-45。
    丘昌泰(1995),《公共政策:當代政策科學理論之研究》,台北:巨流。
    丘昌泰(2000),《公共管理:理論與實務手冊》,台北:元照。
    朱景鵬、朱鎮明(2004),〈英、美、德地方政府治理能力評鑑制度〉,《研考雙月刊》,第28 卷第5 期,頁39-54。
    江岷欽(1993),〈政府生產力之衡量(Measuring Productivity in the Public Sector)〉,《中國行政評論》,第2卷第2期,頁121-136。
    江岷欽(1998),〈政府再造的五希策略〉,《研考雙月刊》,第22卷第4期,頁19-29。
    何冠章(2005),《省道建設引發國家賠償問題之研究》,私立逢甲大學交通工程與管理學系碩士論文,未出版。
    何鴻榮(1996),〈立法院結構改造與議事效能〉,《立法院院聞》,第24卷第7期,頁11-27。
    余致力(1998),〈公共管理之銓釋〉,黃榮護主編,《公共管理》,台北:商 鼎。
    吳安妮(2002),〈淺談平衡計分卡成功實施之精髓概念〉,《會計研究月刊》,第198期,頁26-32。
    吳安妮(2004),〈平衡計分卡在公務機關實施之探討〉,《政府績效評估》,台北:行政院研究發展考核委員會,頁115-135。
    吳安妮(2005),〈策略地圖之精髓與運用〉,《馬偕院訊》,第25卷第275期,頁3-12。
    吳定、張潤書、陳德禹、賴維堯(1995),《行政學(一)》,台北:國立空中大學。
    吳威志(1990),《立法院議事自律制度之研究》,私立中國文化大學三民主義研究所碩士論文,未出版。
    吳裕群(2003),〈平衡計分卡於一般行政機關之運用—政府財經部門〉,發表於平衡計分卡在政府部門的運用研討會,台北:行政院研究發展考核委員會,第59-83頁。
    吳瓊恩、李允傑、陳銘薰(2001),《公共管理》,台北:智勝。
    李宗儒、鄭正鑫(1996),〈以分析層級程序法擬定物流中心之關鍵成功因素〉,《台灣經濟》,第236期,頁43-52。
    李長貴(1997),《績效管理與績效評估》,台北:華泰。
    李儀隆(2005),《以BSC結合AHP建立穩健營運策略─以LCD個案公司為例》,私立逢甲大學工業工程與系統管理研究所碩士論文,未出版。
    李慶忠(2006),「平衡計分卡導入軍工廠策略管理之個案研究」,《中正嶺學報》,第34卷第2期,頁131-146。
    李莅蒂(2004),《立法院議事資訊公開化之研究—以黨團協商機制法制化實施前後為例》,私立世新大學行政管理學研究所碩士論文,未出版。
    周永林(1993),《國會議事規則之分析--國會議事規則合理性的探討》,國立台灣師範大學三民主義研究所碩士論文,未出版。
    周齊武、Haddad, K.、吳安妮(2000a),〈企業推行平衡計分卡之可行結構-台灣經理人之觀點(一)〉,《會計研究月刊》,第174期,頁137-141。
    周齊武、Haddad, K.、吳安妮(2000b),〈企業推行平衡計分卡之可行結構-台灣經理人之觀點(二)〉,《會計研究月刊》,第175期,頁107-113。
    周齊武、Haddad, K.、吳安妮(2000c),〈企業推行平衡計分卡之可行結構-台灣經理人之觀點(三)〉,《會計研究月刊》,第176期,頁72-77。
    易君博(1984),《政治理論與研究方法》,台北:三民。
    林立國(2006),《中山科學研究院永續經營關鍵因素之評估》,私立中原大學企業管理學系碩士論文,未出版。
    林俊彥、郭宗賢、林楊沅、郭彥谷(2006),〈機構導入平衡計分卡策略地圖之探討-以證期會測驗中心為個案〉,《會計研究月刊》,第245期,頁39-55。
    林嘉誠(2004),〈行政機關績效評估制度的建置與回顧〉,《政府績效評估》,台北:行政院研究發展考核委員會,頁3-20。
    林進宗(2002),〈以平衡計分卡落實策略管理〉,《品質月刊》,第2卷,頁22-27。
    邱永和等(2005),《政府機關引進企業績效評估作法之研究》,台北:行政院研究發展考核委員會。
    姚蕙君(2001),《政府績效管理之理論與實務─英美實務探究與我國現況分析》,國立台北大學公共行政暨政策學系碩士論文,未出版。
    施光訓、林靜雯、翁群楷、張惠婷(2005),〈構築「一流生技公司」之策略地圖-以台鹽公司之聚焦策略為例〉,《績效與策略研究》,第2卷第1期,頁39-58。
    柯嵐祥(2006),《結合策略地圖、平衡計分卡與限制理論進行流程改善—以某政府機關為例》,國立清華大學工業工程與工程管理學系碩士論文,未出版。
    柳英莉(2004),《地方政府績效指標之研究─以英、美、日地方政府績效指標為我國借鏡》,國立中山大學公共事務管理研究所碩士論文,未出版。
    胡龍騰(2007),〈公民引領之政府績效管理:初探性模式建構〉,《行政暨政策學報》,第44期,頁79-128。
    范祥偉、王崇斌(2000),〈政府績效管理:分析架構與實務策略〉,《中國行政評論》,第10卷第1期,頁155-182。
    孫本初(1997),《公共管理》,台北:時英。
    孫本初(1999),〈課責與績效管理〉,《人事月刊》,第29卷第3期,頁28-32。
    高維泓譯(2002)Roger K. Mosvick and Robert B. Nelson著(1999),《成功會議從人開始》,台北:寂天。
    寂天出版社譯(1999),Roger K. Mosvick and Robert B. Nelson著,《會議管理》,台北:寂天。
    許世雨(2006),〈績效管理全像圖與應用過程〉,《人事月刊》,第43卷第3期,頁6-20。
    許南雄(2000),《行政學術語》,台北:商鼎。
    郭昱瑩(2004),〈政府機關績效評估探討〉,《政府績效評估》,台北:行政院研究發展考核委員會,頁161-174。
    陳文杰(2006),《應用AHP 建立系統安全工程能力成熟度模式之研究》,私立開南管理學院企業管理研究所碩士論文,未出版。
    陳正平譯(2004),Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton著,《策略地圖:Strategy Maps》,台北:臉譜。
    陳欣怡(2007),《建構醫院策略地圖與平衡計分卡—以某區域教學醫院為例》,國立成功大學會計學系碩士論文,未出版。
    陳英鈐(2002),〈委員會專業化與國會改革〉,《新世紀智庫論壇》,第17期,頁33-41。
    陳淑芳(1999),〈國會議事規範之規範形式〉,《政大法學評論》,第61期,頁87-108。
    陳淑芳(2002),〈國會改革五法實施之成效與檢討〉,《月旦法學雜誌》,第85期,頁26-41。
    陳淞山(1994a),〈國會助理與幕僚制度總論(上)〉,《立法院院聞》,第22卷第2期,頁41-50。
    陳淞山(1994b),〈國會助理與幕僚制度總論(下)〉,《立法院院聞》,第22卷第3期,頁21-33。
    陳敦源(2004),〈人民、專家與公共政策:民主理論下的「參與式知識管理」〉,《國家政策季刊》,第3 卷第1 期,頁99-134。
    陳嘉祥(2002),《公務機關實施績效管理之研究》(92年度人事行政研究發展得獎作品選輯),台北市:行政院人事行政局。
    傅肅良(1994),《行政管理學》,台北:三民。
    傅嘉宣(2008),《建構會議管理策略地圖—以立法院會議為例》,私立清雲科技大學國際企業管理研究所碩士論文,未出版。
    彭錦鵬(2001),〈從歐美經驗論國會議員人數及「立委席次減半」〉,《政治科學論叢》,第15期,頁171-190。
    彭懷真(2000),〈績效管理有極限〉,《管理雜誌》,第331期,頁120-121。
    曾榮祥(2006),《學校經營效能指標建構與應用之研究:以平衡計分卡管理策略為依據》,國立高雄師範大學教育學系博士論文,未出版。
    黃城、黃惟饒、段盛華(1996),《實用議事學》,台北:國立空中大學。
    黃新生(1987),《媒介批評:理論與方法》,台北:五南
    黃榮護等(2001),《立法資訊的建置與透明化之研究》,台北:立法院。
    黃臺生(1995a),〈公共營理概念探述(上)〉,《銓敘與公保月刊》,第4卷第9期,頁18-26。
    黃臺生(1995b),〈公共營理概念探述(下)〉,《銓敘與公保月刊》,第4卷第10期,頁21-29。
    楊泰順(2004),《立委減半 誰說得出理由?以臨時會修憲,是奇蹟也是國恥! 少一半人就可改善選風、改善議事秩序?》(內政評093-045號),台北:國家政策研究基金會。
    葉永豐(2004),《我國政府部門導入平衡計分卡之研究-以中央健康保險局分局為例》,國立台北大學會計學系碩士論文,未出版。
    劉一新(2004),〈行政法人化與平衡計分卡〉,《林業研究專訊》,第11卷第5期,頁20-27。
    劉淑惠(2002),〈國會運作效能化〉,發表於邁向正常國家研討會,台北:群策會。
    劉順仁(2004),〈平衡計分卡最新發展及其在公共部門應用的省思〉,《主計月刊》,第582期,頁12-23。
    蔡墩銘主持(1996),《從立法院與行政院的互動關係探討國會助理功能與其角色》,台北:行政院研究發展考核委員會。
    鄭文英(2000),〈分析層級程序法中的問資料統計分析〉,《管理與系統期刊》第7卷第3期,頁433-442。
    鄭國泰(1997),《新公共管理在行政革新中的困境與實踐》,國立政治大學公共行政研究所碩士論文,未出版。
    鄭國琪、黃鴻基、簡朝源(2004),〈淺談運用平衡計分卡建構醫院策略規劃-以高雄榮民總醫院為例〉,《主計月刊》,第585期,頁21-31。
    鄧振源(2005),《計畫評估方法與應用》,基隆:海洋大學運籌規劃與管理研究中心。
    鄧振源、曾國雄(1989a),〈層級分析程序法(AHP)的內涵特性與應用(上)〉,《中國統計學報》,第27卷第6期,頁5-22。
    鄧振源、曾國雄(1989b),〈層級分析程序法(AHP)的內涵特性與應用(下)〉,《中國統計學報》,第27卷第7期,頁1-20。
    薛義誠、黃振庭(2003),〈利用分析層級程序法探討臺灣中草藥製造業之關鍵成功因素〉,《中醫藥雜誌》,第14卷第2期,頁87-98。
    謝聖斌(2004),《議事效率與立法院相關立法之分析》,私立中國文化大學中山學術研究所碩士論文,未出版。
    羅傳賢(2006),《會議管理與法制》,台北:五南。

    二、英文文獻
    Allison, Graham T. (1992), “Public and Private Management: Are They Fundamentally Alike in All Unimportant Respects?” in Shafritz, J.M. & A.C. Hyde (eds.), Classics of Public Administration, 457-475.
    Barzelay, M. (1992), Breaking through Bureaucracy: A New Vision for Managing Government. Berkeley: University of California Press.
    Bennis, W. and B. Nanus (1985), Leaders: the Strategies for Taking Change. New York: Harper & Row.
    Berman, E. M. (1997), Dealing with Cynical Citizens, Public Administration Review, 57(2): 105-112.
    Bowornwathana, B. (1997), Transforming Bureaucracies for the 21st Century: The New Democratic Governance Paradigm, Public Administration Quarterly, 21(3): 294-308.
    Box, R. C. (1998), Citizen Governance: Leading American Communities into the 21st Century. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage.
    Bozeman, B. (1993), “Introduction: Two Concepts of Public Management,” in J. L. Perry, ed. Public Management, the State of Art. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publisher, l-5.
    Burgess, R. G. (1982), Field Research: A Sourcebook and Field Manual. London: George Allen & Unwin.
    Callahan, K. (2007), Elements of effective Governance: Measurement, Accountability and Participation. New Jersey: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
    Chow, C. W., Haddad, K. M., and J. E. Williamson (1997), Applying the Balanced Scorecard to Small Companies, Management Accounting, 79(2):21-27.
    Crew, R. E. (1992), Politics and Public Management: AnIintroduction. St.Paul: West Publishing Co.
    DeLeon, P. (1992), The Democratization of the Policy Sciences, Public Administration Review, 52(2):125-129.
    Denhardt, R. B. and J. V. Denhardt (2000), The New Public Service: Serving Rather Than Steering, Public Administration Review, 60(6): 549-559.
    Ferlie, E., L. Ashburner, L. Fitzgerald and A. Pettigrew (1996), The New Public Management in Actions. New York: Oxford University Press.
    Fischer, F. (1993), Citizen Participation and the Democratization of Policy Expertise: From Theoretical Inquiry to Practical Cases, Policy Sciences, 26(3): 165-187.
    Fletcher, D. H., and D. B. Smith (2004), Managing for Value: Developing a Performance Measurement System Integrating Economic Value Added and the Balanced Scorecard in Strategic Planning, Journal of Business Strategies, 21:1-17.
    Forester, J. (1989), Planning in the Face of Power. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
    Gabris, G. T. (1986), “Recognizing Management Technique Dysfunctions: How Management Tools Often Create More Problems Then They Solve?” In Kearney, R. C. and E. M. Berman (eds.) (1999), Public Sector Performance. Colorado: Westview Press, 293-303.
    Garson, G. D. and E. S. Overman (1983), Public Management Research in the United States. New York: Praeger Publishers.
    Glaser, M. A. and R. B. Denhardt (2000), Local Government Performance through the Eyes of Citizens, Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management, 12(1): 49-73.
    Graham, C. B. Jr. and S. W. Hays (1986), Managing the Public Organization. Washington, D. C.: CQ Press.
    Graham, C. B. Jr. and S. W. Hays (1993), Managing the Public Organization, (2nd ed.), Washington, D. C.: CQ Press.
    Halvorsen, K. E. (2003), Assessing the Effects of Public Participation, Public Administration Review, 63(5):535-543.
    Hedlund, R. D. (1985), “Organizational Attributes of Legislative Institutions: Structure, Rules, Norms, Resources,” In Loewenberg, G., S. C. Patterson, and M. E. Jewell (eds.), Handbook of Legislative Research. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 321-394.
    Ho, A. and P. Coates (2004), Citizen-Initiated Performance Assessment: An Initial Iowa Experience, Public Performance & Management Review, 27(3): 29-50.
    Holzer, M. and K. Callahan (1998), Government at Work: Best Practices and Model Programs. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage.
    Holzer, M. and K. Yang (2004), Performance Measurement and Improvement: An Assessment of the State of the Art, International Review of Administrative Sciences, 70(1): 15-31.
    Hood, C. (1991), A Public Management for All Seasons? Public Administration, 69: 3-19.
    Hood, C. (1998), The Art of the State: Culture, Rhetoric, and public Management. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    Hughes, O. E. (1998), Public Management & Administration, (2nd ed.), New York: Palgrave.
    Jewell, M. E. and S. C. Patterson (1977), The Legislative Process in the United States, (3rd ed.), New York: Random House.
    Kaplan, R. S. and D. P. Norton (1992), The Balanced Score Card: Measures That Drive Performance, Harvard Business Review, 70 (1):71-79.
    Kaplan, R. S. and D. P. Norton (1996a), The Balanced Scorecard: Translating into Action. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
    Kaplan, R. S. and D. P. Norton (1996b), Linking the Balanced Scorecard to Strategy, California Management Review, 39(1):53-79.
    Kaplan, R. S. and D. P. Norton (1998a), “Putting the Balanced Scorecard to Work,” In Harvard Business School (ed.), Harvard Business Review on Measuring Corporate Performance. Boston, M.A.: Harvard Business School Press, 147-181.
    Kaplan, R. S. and D. P. Norton (1998b), “The Balanced Scorecard: Measures the Drive Performance,” In Harvard Business School. (ed.), Harvard Business Review on Measuring Corporate Performance. Boston, M.A.: Harvard Business School Press, 123-146.
    Kaplan, R. S. and D. P. Norton (1998c), “Using the Balanced Scorecard as a Strategic Management System,” In Harvard Business School (ed.), Harvard Business Review on Measuring Corporate Performance. Boston, M.A.: Harvard Business school Press, 183-211.
    Kaplan, R. S. and D. P. Norton (1998d), Keeping Score on Community Investment, Leader to Leader, 33:13-19.
    Kaplan, R. S. and D. P. Norton (2000), The Strategy-Focused Organization: How Balanced Scorecard Companies Thrive in the New Business Environment. Boston, M.A.: Harvard Business School Press.
    Kaplan, R. S. and D. P. Norton (2004a), Strategy Maps: Converting Intangible Assets into Tangible Outcomes. Boston, M.A.: Harvard Business School Press.
    Kaplan, R. S. and D. P. Norton (2004b), Measuring the Strategic Readiness of Intangible Assets, Harvard Business Review, 82(2):52-63.
    Kaplan, R. S. and D. P. Norton (2004c), How Strategy Maps Frame an Organization's Objectives, Financial Executive, 20(2):40-45.
    Kaplan, R. S. and D. P. Norton (2005a), The Office of Strategy Management, Strategic Finance, 8(10): 59-60.
    Kaplan, R. S. and D. P. Norton (2005b), The Office of Strategy Management, Harvard Business Review, 72-80.
    Kaplan, R. S. and D. P. Norton (2006a), How to Implement a New Strategy without Disrupting Your Organization, Harvard Business Review, 84(3): 100-109.
    Kaplan, R. S. and D. P. Norton (2006b), Alignment: Using the Balanced Scorecard to Create Corporate Synergies. Boston, M.A.: Harvard Business School Press.
    Kaplan, R. S. and D. P. Norton (2008), Mastering the Management System, Harvard Business Review, 62-77.
    Kelly, J. M. and D. Swindell (2002), A Multiple Indicator Approach to Municipal Service Evaluation: Correlating Performance Measurement and Citizen Satisfaction across Jurisdictions, Public Administration Review, 62(5):610-621.
    Kettl, D. F. (1993), “Searching For Clues about Public Management: Slicing the Onion Different Ways”, In Bozeman B. Perry (ed.), Public Management: The State of Art. San Francisco: Jossey-bass Publisher, 55-68.
    Kettl, D. F. and H. B. Milward (eds.) (1996), The State of Public Management. London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
    King, C. S., K. M. Feltey and B. O. Susel (1998), The Question of Participation: Toward Authentic Public Participation in Public Administration, Public Administration Review, 58(4): 317-326.
    Lanoue, M. R. and J. J. Revetta (1993), An Analytic Hierarchy Approach to Major Baseball Offensive Performance Ratings, Mathematical And Computer Modelling, 17(4/5):195-209.
    Lee, S. F., K. K. Lo, R. F. Leung and A. S. Ko (2000), Strategy Formulation Framework for Vocational Education: Integrating SWOT Analysis, Balanced Scorecard, QFD Methodology and MBNQA Education Criteria, Managerial Auditing Journal, 15(8):407-423.
    Leigh, J. (2002), Organizing and Participating in Meetings. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    Lynn, L. E. (1996), Public Management as Art, Science and Profession. New Jersey: Chatham House Publishers.
    Mathiasen, D. G. (1997), The New Public Management and Its Critics, International Public Management Journal, 2(1):90-111.
    Melkers, J. and J. C. Thomas (1998), What Do Administrators Think Citizens Think? Administrator Predictions as an Adjunct to Citizen Surveys, Public Administration Review, 58(4): 327-334.
    Mendenhall, W., D.D. Wackerly and R.L. Scheaffer (1990), Mathematical Statistics with Applications, (4th ed.), Boston: PWSKENT.
    Nalbandian, J. (1999), Facilitating Community, Enabling Democracy: New Roles for Local Government Managers, Public Administration Review, 59(3): 187-197.
    Nicholas, L. H. (1986), Public Administration and Public Affairs. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Englewood.
    Niven, P. R. (2002), Balanced Scorecard Step by Step: Maximizing Performance and Mmaintaining Results. New York: John Wiley & Sons
    Osborne, D. and T. Gaebler (1992), Reinventing Government: How the Entrepreneurial Spirit Is Transforming the Public Sector. M.A.: Addison-Wesley.
    Ott, J. O., A. C. Hyde and J. M. Shafritz (1991), Public Management: The Essential Readings. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, Inc.
    Overman, E. S. (1984), Public Management: What’s New and Different? , Public Administration Review, 44(3):275.
    Overman, E. S. and Boyd, K. L. (1994), Best Practice Research and Post-bureaucratic Reform, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 4(1): 67-83.
    Perry, J. L. and K. L. Kraemer (1983), Public Management: Public and Private Perspectives. California: Mayfield Publishing.
    Roberts, N. C. (1997), Public Deliberation: An Alternative Approach to Crafting Policy and Setting Direction, Public Administration Review, 57(2): 124-132.
    Roberts, N. C. (2002), Keeping Public Officials Accountable through Dialogue: Resolving the Accountability Paradox, Public Administration Review, 62(6): 658-669.
    Rosenbloom, D. H. (1998), Public Administration: Understanding Management, Politics, and Law in the Public Sector, (4th ed.), New York: The McGraw-Hill.
    Rosenbloom, D. H. and R. S. Kravchuk (2005) Public Administration: Understanding Management, Politics, and Law in the Public Sector, (6th ed.), New York: The McGraw-Hill.
    Saaty, T. L. (1980), The Analytic Hierarchical Process. New York: The McGraw-Hill.
    Saaty, T. L. (1996), Absolute and Relative Measurement with the AHP – The Most Livable Cities in the United States, Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 20(6):327-331.
    Schachter, H. L. (1995), Reinventing Government or Reinventing Ourselves: Two Models for Improving Government Performance, Public Administration Review, 55(6): 530-537.
    Shafritz, J. M. (1988), The Dorsey Dictionary of American Government and Politics. Pacific Grove: Books/Cole Publishing.
    Shafritz, J. M. and A. C. Hyde (1992), Classics of Public Administration, (3rd ed.), Pacific Grove: Books/Cole Publishing Co.
    Sim, K. L. and H. C. Koh (2001), Balanced Scorecard: A rising Trend in Strategic Performance Measurement, Measuring Business Excellence, 5(2):18-26.
    Smith, G. E. and C. A. Huntsman (1997), Reframing the Metaphor of the Citizen-Government Relationship: A Value-Centered Perspective, Public Administration Review, 57(4): 309-318.
    Starling, G. (1998), Managing the Public Sector, (5th ed.), Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishers.
    Talbot, C. (1999), Public Performance-toward A New Model, Public policy and Administration, 14(3):15-34.
    Van Ryzin, G. G. (2004), The Measurement of Overall Citizen Satisfaction, Public Performance & Management Review, 27(3): 9-28.
    Van Ryzin, G. G. and S. Immerwahr (2004), Derived Importance-Performance Analysis of Citizen Survey Data, Public Performance & Management Review, 27(4): 144-173.
    Van Ryzin, G. G., D. Muzzio, S. Immerwahr, L. Gulick and E. Martinez (2004), Drivers and Consequences of Citizen Satisfaction: An Application of the American Customer Satisfaction Index Model to New York City, Public Administration Review, 64(3): 331-341.
    Vigoda, E. (2002), From Responsiveness to Collaboration: Governance, Citizens, and the Next Generation of Public Administration, Public Administration Review, 62(5): 527-540.
    Wedley, W. C. (1990), Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Factors-An Analytic Hierarchy Approach, Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 24(1):57-64.
    Zahedi, F. (1986a), The Analytic Hierarchy Process- A Survey of the Method and Its Applications, Interfaces, 16(4): 96-108.
    Zahedi, F. (1986b), A Simulation Study of Estimation Methods in the Analytic Hierarchy Process, Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 20(6):347-354.

    三、網路資源
    立法院全球資訊網,http://www.ly.gov.tw
    立法院國會圖書館,http://npl.ly.gov.tw/do/www/homePage
    澄社國會評鑑(2007),http://www.ts.twmail.org/content/default.asp?cateID=7

    下載圖示
    QR CODE