儘管近年來在生技與醫藥產業合作研究和開發有所增加，但這個領域的研究成果仍屬有限。為了彌補生技與醫藥產業創新能力實徵研究的不足，本研究比較之前研究更深入探討地理距離與研發合作模式對創新能力的影響。在研究數據來自美國專利商標局(USPTO)，其中包含127國家的全球生技與醫藥產業專利數據。並利用專利品質指標的三個指標：專利原創性，專利普遍性和專利引用次數來衡量創新能力。使用迴歸分析不同的四個領域中，地理距離與研發合作對創新能力的影響。主要研究結果如: (a)在製藥領域、生物科技領域、醫療技術領域與生物材料四個領域中，地理距離對創新能力的有正向的影響。(b)四個領域中，隨著地理距離增加與專利權人數量越多時，產生技術外溢效果越大。讓研發合作效果達到最佳效果. (c) 而在生技與醫藥產業中，地理距離與研發合作強弱關係在交互作用中沒有效果。本研究所呈現的具有重要策略價值，尤其針對不同研發合作模式選擇、地理距離與合作夥伴的國家。

Although in recent years there has been an increase in number of the research and development of collaboration for Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical, the research results in this field are still limited. In order to make up for this lack of innovation capability of the Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industry research, this current study compares to previous studies to investigated the influence between geographical distance and R&D collaborations on innovation capability, and it is in more detailed than has been done earlier. In terms of research methods, data for the research come from a sample of the USPTO, which contains 127 national biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry patent data. And use the three aspects of patent quality index: patent originality, patent universality and patent citation count to measure innovation capability. Regression analysis was used to analyze the impact of geographic distance and R&D collaboration on innovation capability among the four different fields. The major findings are (a) In the four fields of pharmaceutical, biotechnology , medical technology and Analysis of Biological Materials, the geographical distance has a significant impact on innovation capability;(b)The greater the geographic distance and the number of Assignee Country increase, the greater the effect of technology spillovers, and it let the R&D collaboration achieve to the best effect;(c)The interaction between strong ties and weak ties of geographical distance and R&D collaboration has an insignificant impact on the Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical industry. The data presented in this paper may have significant Strategy value, notably with respect to choose the country, geographical distance, and collaboration mode of the partner in the R&D collaboration.

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