簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: Rossana María Obregón Córdoba
Rossana María Obregón Córdoba
論文名稱: Impact of Service Offerings of Business Incubators on Performance of Micro, Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Nicaragua.
Impact of Service Offerings of Business Incubators on Performance of Micro, Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Nicaragua.
指導教授: 葉俶禎
Yeh, Chu-Chen
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 國際人力資源發展研究所
Graduate Institute of International Human Resource Developmemt
論文出版年: 2013
畢業學年度: 101
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 98
中文關鍵詞: Business IncubatorsBusiness performanceMicroSmall and Medium Sized Enterprises (MSMEs)
英文關鍵詞: Business Incubators, Business performance, Micro, Small and Medium Sized
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:148下載:6
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • Business Incubators play a significant role in the development of Micro, Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (MSMEs) in Nicaragua. Therefore, this research examined the impact of the service offerings of business incubators on MSMEs performance. Specifically, this study assessed which aspects of performance are more likely to be affected by the four types of assistance incubators provide, namely technology, financing, networking and training. The aspects of performance studied are product/service innovation, quality of the product/service, capacity to respond to market demand, and internal organizational administration. A quantitative study was conducted with the use of SPSS and SmartPLS software in order to statistically analyze the information gathered from 100 MSMEs who had been or are current tenants in a business incubator in Nicaragua. It was found that training and technology assistance are the two service offerings more likely to have a positive effect on the performance of MSMEs. Quality of product/service is more likely to happen if technology assistance is provided, and innovation of product/service if training is provided. These two service offerings seemed to have a positive effect on formal organization administration as well. Financing did not seem to have any relation to MSMEs’ performance. Since the majority of responses came from tenants of two incubators, the results can be a reflection on the assistance provided by these two institutions, and are limited in generalizing to other contexts.

    Business Incubators play a significant role in the development of Micro, Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (MSMEs) in Nicaragua. Therefore, this research examined the impact of the service offerings of business incubators on MSMEs performance. Specifically, this study assessed which aspects of performance are more likely to be affected by the four types of assistance incubators provide, namely technology, financing, networking and training. The aspects of performance studied are product/service innovation, quality of the product/service, capacity to respond to market demand, and internal organizational administration. A quantitative study was conducted with the use of SPSS and SmartPLS software in order to statistically analyze the information gathered from 100 MSMEs who had been or are current tenants in a business incubator in Nicaragua. It was found that training and technology assistance are the two service offerings more likely to have a positive effect on the performance of MSMEs. Quality of product/service is more likely to happen if technology assistance is provided, and innovation of product/service if training is provided. These two service offerings seemed to have a positive effect on formal organization administration as well. Financing did not seem to have any relation to MSMEs’ performance. Since the majority of responses came from tenants of two incubators, the results can be a reflection on the assistance provided by these two institutions, and are limited in generalizing to other contexts.

    Abstract I Table of Contents II List of Tables IV List of Figures V CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1 Background of the Study 1 Problem Statement 2 Rationale of the Study 3 Research Questions 3 Purpose of the Study 4 Scope of the Study 4 Contribution of the Study 4 Definition of Terms 5 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 7 Micro, Small and Medium Sized Enterprises: Definition 7 Importance of Micro, Small and Medium Sized Enterprises 8 Needs of Micro, Small and Medium Sized Enterprises. 10 Performance Indicators of Micro, Small and Medium Sized Enterprises 12 Business Incubators: Origin and Definition 17 Impact of Incubators in MSMEs Performance 18 Service Offerings of Business Incubators 19 CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY 27 Research Framework 27 Hypothesis 28 Research Design 30 Research Procedure 30 Instruments and Measures 31 Sample 36 Data Collection 36 Validity and Reliability of Measures 41 CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 55 Correlation Analysis 55 Model Testing in PLS 60 Post Hoc Analysis 71 CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 76 Conclusions 76 Research Implications 77 Practical Implications 78 Limitations 79 Future Research Suggestions 79 REFERENCES 81 APPENDIX A: QUESTIONNAIRE 88 LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Descriptive statistic of the sample: Business Profile...……………………………..40 Table 3.2 Descriptive statistic of the sample: Program of Assistance Profile………………….41 Table 3.3 Descriptive statistic of the sample: Owners Profile………………………………….42 Table 3.4 Matrix of rotated components………………………………………………………45 Table 3.5 Descriptive Statistics, Factor Loading, Composite Reliability, AVE and Items of Studied Constructs……………………………………………………………………………...47 Table 3.6 Factor loadings and cross loadings among variables…………………………….…...50 Table 3.7 Overview of discriminant validity testing among constructs…………………….......53 Table 4.1 Correlation analysis……………………………………………………………….......59 Table 4.2 Path coefficient, error, t-value and R square……………………………………….....61 Table 4.3 Overview of hypotheses testing……………………………………………………....70 Table 4.4 ANOVA post hoc analysis……………………………………………………….…....72 Table 4.5 ANOVA post hoc analysis: Scheffe test………………………………………………73 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1 Research Framework……………………………………………………………..…28 Figure 3.2 Research Procedure…………………………………………………………………32 Figure 4.1 Hypotheses testing, path coefficient and R square……………………………….....66 Figure 4.2 PLS Model………………………………………………………………………......67 Figure 4.3 PLS Algorithm Result………………………………………………….…………...68 Figure 4.4 PLS bootstrapping Result………………………………………………………...…69

    Abdi, H. (n.d). University of Texas. Retrieved from: http://www.utd.edu/~herve/Abdi-PLSR2007-pretty.pdf.

    Abduh, M., D'Souza, C., Quazi, A., & Burley, H. T. (2007). Investigating and classifying clients' satisfaction with business incubator services. Managing Service Quality, 17 (1), 74 – 91.

    Abell, D. (1980). Defining the business: The starting point of strategic planning. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall.

    Abimbola, T. (2001).Branding as a competitive strategy for demand management in SME´s. Journal of Research in Marketing & Entrepreneurship, 3(2), 97-106.

    Almeida, J. G. (1999). Firm resources, environmental perceptions, business-level strategies and firm performance: An empirical investigation. University of South Carolina (Doctoral dissertation).

    Bates, T. (1990). Entrepreneur Human Capital Inputs and Small Business Longevity. The Review of Economics and Statistics. 72 (4), 551-559.

    Boden, R. & Nucci, A. (2000). On the survival prospects of men´s and women´s new business ventures. Journal of business venturing 15, 347 – 362.

    Cassar, G. (2007). Money, money, money? A longitudinal investigation of entrepreneur career reasons, growth preferences and achieved growth. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 19(1), 89-107.
    Chaston, I., Badger, B. & Sadler-Smith, E. (1999a). Small firm organizational learning: comparing the perceptions of need and style among UK support service advisors and small firm managers. Journal of European Industrial Training, 23(1), 36-43.

    Chaston, I., Badger, B. & Sadler-Smith, E. (1999b). Organizational Learning: Research Issues and Application in SME sector firms. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research, 5(4), 191-203.

    Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Cooper, A. C., Woo, C. Y. & Dunkelberg, W. C. (1989). Entrepreneurship and the initial size of firms. Journal of Business Venturing 4, 317–332.

    Day, G. (1997). Aligning the organization to the market. In D. R. Lehman and K. E. Jocz, (Editors), Reflections on the futures of marketing (pp.67-93). Cambridge, MA: Marketing Science Institute.

    El Observador Economico(2011).Retrieved from http://www.elobservadoreconomico.com/articulo/1146

    Ellinger, A.D., Watkins, K.E. & Bostrom, R.P. (1999). Managers as facilitators of learning in learning organizations. Human Resource Development, 10(2), 105-127.

    European Central Bank (2012). Survey on the Access to Finance of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in the Euro Area, April – September. Retrieved from: http://www.ecb.int/stats/money/surveys/sme/html/index.en.html

    European Union (EU). Retrieved from: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sme/facts-figures-analysis/sme-definition/index_en.htm

    Feigenbaum, A.V.(1982). Quality and business growth today. Journal of Quality Progress, 15(11), 22-25.

    Freel, M.S. (2000). Barriers to product innovation in small manufacturing firms. Journal of International Small Businesses, 18(2), 60-80.

    Fornell, C. & Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement errors. Journal of Marketing Research, pp. 39-50.

    Gabrielsson, M., Sasi, V. & Darling, D. (2004). Finance strategies of rapidly-growing finnish MSMEs: Born internationals and born globals. European Business Review, 16, 590 – 604.

    Garcia-Morales, V. J., Llorens-Montes, F.J, & Verdu-Jover, A. J. (2007). Influence of personal mastery on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation in large firms and SME´s. Technovation, 27, 547-568.

    Garengo, P., Biazzo, S. & Bititci, U. S. (2005). Performance measurement systems in MSMEs: A review for a research agenda. International Journal of Management Review, 7, 25-47.

    Gibb, A.A. (1997). Small firms’ training and competitiveness. Building upon small business as a learning organization. International Small Business Journal, 15(3), 13-29.

    Gunasekaran, A, B., Lloria-Aramburo & March-Chroda, I. (2002). Product development process in Spanish MSMEs: An empirical research. Technovation, 22, 301-312.

    Hadjimanolis, A. (1999). Barriers to innovation for SMEs in a small less developed country (Cyprus). Technovation, 19(9), 561-570.

    Haenlein, M. & Kaplan, A.M. (2004). A beginner’s guide to partial least squares analysis. Understnding Statistics, 3(4), 283-297.

    Hair, J.F. Jr, Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L. & Black, W.C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis, 5th ed., Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.

    Hair, J.F, Ringle, C.M & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. The Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice. 19(2), 139 - 152.

    Haksever, C. (1996). TQM in small business environment. Business Horizons, 39(2), 33-40.

    Hannon, P. D., & Chaplin, P. (2003). Are incubators good for business? Understanding incubation practice-the challenges for policy. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 21, 861-881.

    Hatcher, L. (1994) A step-by-step approach to using the SAS system for factor analysis and structural equation modeling. SAS Institute.

    He, W. & Baker, H. K. Small business financing: survey evidence in west texas. Journal of Entreprenurial Finance and Business Venture, 12(1), 27-54.

    Henricks, M. (1992). Quality makes a difference. Small Business Reports,17(12), 29-38.

    Quazi, H. A., & Padibjo, S. R. (1998). A journey toward total quality management through ISO 9000 certification-a study on small-and medium-sized enterprises in Singapore. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 15(5), 489-508.

    Hinkin, T. R. (1998). A brief tutorial on the development of measures for use in survey questionnaires. Journal of Organizational Research Methods, 1(1), 104-121.

    International Finance Corporation (IFC). Retrieved from:
    http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/sme.nsf/Content/SME_Toolkit

    International Standard (1994). International Standard ISO 8402, Quality Management and Quality Assurance: Vocabulary (Geneva, International Organization for Standardization).

    Jennings, P.L., & Banfield, P. (1993). Improving competence in small firms. Proceedings of the 16th National Small Firm Policy and Reseacrh Conference. Nottingham: The Nottingham Trent University.

    Johnson, S. (2002). Lifelong learning and MSMEs issues for research and policy. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 9(3), 285-95.

    Kinnear, P., & Gray, C. (2000). SPSS for windows made simple, release 10. London, UK: Psychology Press, Taylor & Francis Group.

    Knight, G. (1998). Entrepreneurship and marketing strategy: The SME´s under globalization. Journal of International Marketing, 8(2), 12-32.

    Knight, G. A. (2001). Entrepreneurship and strategy in the international SME. Journal of International Management, 7(3), 155-171.

    Kueng, P. (2000). Process performance measurement system: a tool to support process-based organizations. Journal of Total Quality Management, 11(1), 67-85.

    Kwaku, A. A. & Satyendra, S. (1998). Customer orientation and performance: a study of MSMEs. Journal of Management Decision, 36, 385 – 394.

    La Prensa (2012). Retrieved from: http://www.laprensa.com.ni/2012/03/15/activos/94117

    LEY 645, ART. 4 & DECRETO 17-2008, ART. 3. Ministerio de Fomento, Industria y Comercio (MIFIC).
    (Law 645, article 4 and decree 17-2008, article 3.Ministry of Promotion, Industry and Commerce in Nicaragua, MIFIC).

    Lichtenstein, G.A. (1992). The significance of relationships in entrepreneurship: a case study of the ecology of enterprise in two business incubators. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation) University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA.

    Lukacs, E. (2005). The Economic role of MSMEs in world economy, especially in Europe. European Integration Studies, 4(1), 3-12.

    Mack, N., Woodsong, C., MacQueen, K. M., Guest, G., & Namey, E. (2005).Qualitative research methods: A data collector's field guide. EEUU: Family Health International.

    Malecki, E. (1994). Entrepreneurship in regional and local development. International Regional Science Review, 16, 119-153.

    McCole, P., Morrow, T., Ponsonby, S. & Kelly, B. (2001). The potential training impact of
    technology on MSMEs in Northern Ireland. Journal of European Industrial Training, 25 (2), 90-97.

    Melkers, J., Bulger, D. & Bozeman, L. (1993).Technology transfer and economic development, R Bingham, R Mier (Eds.). Theories of local economic development, Sage, Newbury Park (CA).

    Moore, D.S., McCabe, G.P., Duckworth, W.M., & Alwan, L.C. (2009). The practice of Business Statistics: Using data for decisions (2nd Edition). W.H. Freeman and Company. New York.

    Mowery, D.C. (1988). The diffusion of new manufacturing technologies. The impact of technological change on employment and economic growth. Ballinger, Cambridge (MA).

    National Business Incubation Association (2009a). Retrieved from:
    http://www.nbia.org/resource_library/history/index.php

    National Business Incubation Association (2009b). Retrieved from:
    https://www.nbia.org/resource_library/what_is/

    Nicaraguan Ministry of Promotion, Industry and Commerce (2009): http://www.mific.gob.ni

    Nicolescu, O. (2009). Main features of MSMEs organization system. Review of international comparative management, 10, 405-413.

    Nonaka, I. (1991). The knowledge creating company. Harvard Business Review, 11(12), 96-104.

    Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd edition). New York: McGraw- Hil

    Obregon, R. & Yeh, R. (2013, May). Exploring the needs of small and medium size enterprises in Nicaragua: owner´s and expert´s perspective. Paper presented at the 2013 Symposium on Global Business Operation and Management.

    OECD (1996). Technology, Productivity and Job Creation, Paris.

    OECD (1997). Globalization and Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris.

    OECD (2000). Enhancing the Competitiveness of MSMEs through Innovation. Conference for Ministers responsible for MSMEs and Industry Ministers. Bologna, Italy, 14-15 June 2000

    OECD (2001). Innovative Networks: Cooperation in National Innovation Systems.

    OECD (2004a).Facilitating SME´s access to international markets. 2nd OECD Conference of Ministers Responsible for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises.

    OECD (2004b). Networks, Partnerships, Cluster and Intellectual Property Rights: Opportunities and Challenges for Innovative MSMEs in a Global Economy. 2nd OECD Conference of Ministers Responsible for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises. Istanbul, Turkey, June.

    OECD (2005). SME and Entrepreneurship Outlook, Paris, page 17. Retrieved from:
    http://www.camaras.org/publicado/europa/pdf/8505011E.pdf

    OECD (2006). Financing SME´s and Entrepreneurs. Retrieved from:
    http://www.oecd.org/cfe/37704120.pdf

    OECD (2012). Financing MSMEs and Entrepreneurs 2012: An OECD Scoreboard, OECD Publishing. Retrived from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264166769

    Oertel, S. & Walgenbach, P. (2009). How the organizational ecology approach can enrich business research on small and medium-sized enterprises: three areas for future research. Journal of Business Review, 61, 250-269.
    Ostgaard, T.A. & Birley, S. (1994). Personal networks and firm competitive strategy: A strategic or coincidental match? Journal of Business Venturing, 9(4), 281–305.

    Peña, I. (2004). Business incubation centers and new firm growth in the basque country. Journal of Small Business Economics, 22, 223-236.

    Phillips, R. G. (1996). A test of business growth analysis of a technology business incubator. (Doctoral dissertation), Georgia Institute of Technology.

    Phillips, R. G. (2002). Technology business incubators: how effective as technology transfer mechanisms? Journal of Technology in Society, 24, 299-316.
    Pissarides, F. (1999). Is lack of funds the main obstacle to growth? EBRD´s (European Bank for Reconstruction and Development) experience with MSMEs in Central and Eastern Europe. Journal of Business Venturing, 14, 519–539,

    Quazi, H. A, & Padibjo, S.R. (1998). A journey toward total quality management through ISO 9000 certification - a study on small- and medium-sized enterprises in Singapore. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 15(5) 489-508.

    Reeves, C.A. & Bednar, D.E.(1994). Defining quality: alternatives and implications. Academy of Management Review, 19(3), 419-445.

    Rice, M. P. (2002). Co-production of business assistance in business incubators: An exploratory study. Journal of Business Venturing, 17, 163-187.

    Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Will, A. (2005). SmartPLS 2.0 (beta). Retrieved June, 2013, from http://www.smartpls.de
    Strategic Planning Institute (SPI) (1986), The PIMS letter on business strategy, Cambridge, MA.

    Stuart, R. W. & Abetti, P. A. (1990). Impact of entrepreneurial and management experience on early performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 5, 151-162.

    Thorsten, B., & Asli Demirguc, K. (2006).Small and medium-size enterprises: Access to finance as a growth constraint. Journal of Banking and Science, 30, 2931-2943.

    Van de Ven, A.H. (1986). Central problems in the management of innovation. Journal of Management Science, 32,590-607.

    Wiklund, J. & Sheperd, D. (2003). Knowledge-based resources, entrepreneurial orientation and the performance of small and medium sized businesses. Journal of Strategic Management, 24, 1307–1314.

    Woodsong, C., MacQueen, K. M., Guest, G. & Namey, E. (2005). Qualitative research methods: A data collections field guide. Family Health International. USAID.

    World Bank (2001). The Challenge: Review of Small Business Activities.

    Zoltan, J. A. & Audretsch, D. B. (1988). Innovation in large and small firms: An empirical analysis. Journal of the American Economic Review, 78(4), 678-690.

    下載圖示
    QR CODE