研究生: |
王曄 Wang Yeh |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
2,2-雙取代-1-硝基烯之簡易製備法 The easy method for the preparation of 2,2-disubstituted-1-nitroalkenes |
指導教授: |
姚清發
Yao, Ching-Fa |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
化學系 Department of Chemistry |
論文出版年: | 2000 |
畢業學年度: | 88 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 172 |
中文關鍵詞: | 2,2-雙取代-1-硝基烯類 、亨利反應 |
英文關鍵詞: | 2,2-disubstituted 1-nitroalkenes, Henry reaction |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:481 下載:8 |
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酮類(ketones)1a-e可與硝基甲烷(nitromethane)2在催化量的piperidine 3存在下與trapping reagents 4(thiophenol 4a、α-toluenthiol 4b或allyl mercaptan 4c)反應產生β-nitroalkylsulfides(5a-d、6a-e或7a-e)。於0 ℃條件下用CH2Cl2為溶劑,m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA) 8 可將β-nitroalkylsulfides(5a-d、6a-e或7a-e)氧化成β-nitroalkylsulfoxides(9a-d、10a-e或11a-e),然後再用CCl4為溶劑在迴流的條件下脫去PhSOH產生2,2-雙取代-1-硝基烯類12a-e。其反應機構之不可逆性除了可克服亨利反應(Henry reaction)中在合成2,2-雙取代-1-硝基烯類12a-b時之不實用性(可逆反應)外,亦可由環酮類合成環外硝基烯類12c-e。由此簡易改良法可將12a-e產率提昇至中等至高產率,在類似的反應條件下5-substituted adamantan-2-ones 16a-f和2及催化量的3亦可得到5-substituted-2-nitromethylene-admantanes 18a-f。同時發現β-nitroalkylsulfoxides(9b、10c、10d、11c或11e)在鹼性水溶液處理下亦可得到12b-e,但產率約在25-65%之間,比上述之熱解反應之產率稍低。
Ketones 1a-e、nitromethane 2 can react with the trapping reagents 4(thiophenol 4a, α-toluenthiol 4b or allyl mercaptan 4c)in the presence of catalytic amount of piperidine 3 to produce β-nitroalkylsulfides(5a-d, 6a-e or 7a-e). By the use of CH2Cl2 as solvent and at 0 ℃, β-nitroalkylsulfides(5a-d, 6a-e or 7a-e)can be oxidized by m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA) 8 to produce β-nitroalkyl sulfoxides(9a-d、10a-e or 11a-e)and subsequently elimination to produce 2,2-disubstituted 1-nitroalkenes 12a-e. The irreversibility of the synthetic mechanism not only could overcome the impracticability of the Henry reaction in the synthesis of 2,2-disubstituted 1-nitroalkenes 12a-b but also could produce the major product "exo-nitroolefins" 12c-e when cyclic ketones were used. By using this improved and easy methodology to prepare 2,2-disubstituted-1-nitroalkenes 12a-e, the yields of the products are medium to high. Under similar reaction conditions 5-substituted adamantan-2-ones 16a-f can also react with 2 in the presence of catalytic amount of piperidine 3 to produce 5-substituted-2-nitromethylene-admantanes 18a-f. 12b-e Also can be produced when β-nitroalkylsulfoxides(9b, 10c, 10d, 11c , and 11e)are treated with dilute aqueous basic solution, but the yields are lower than those of pyrolysis condition.
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