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研究生: 黃姿榕
Huang, Tzu-Jung
論文名稱: --動口不動手-- 以運動控制觀點檢視 華語聲調特性及不同組合中聲調的改變
The influence of tonal contexts in Mandarin speech production: A motor control perspective
指導教授: 劉有德
Liu, Yeou-Teh
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 運動競技學系
Department of Athletic Performance
論文出版年: 2013
畢業學年度: 101
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 135
中文關鍵詞: 運動控制動力系統雙字詞類說話
英文關鍵詞: motor control, dynamic system, di-syllable word, speech-like
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:135下載:11
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  • 華語是一種有聲調的語言,不同聲調在音高、音長…等皆有獨特性,會因不同情境而改變。以往對於華語聲調都僅止於在語音聲學的研究,較少有以說話動作型態作為了解聲調特性的方法。本研究以運動控制的觀點檢視華語的聲調表現,以動力系統理論的方法來解釋不同聲調在不同情境下的動作型態。8名華語(台灣地區)為母語的成年人,以不同速度類說話的方式,說雙字詞句子(工作一)與非雙字詞句子(工作二),並擷取下唇垂直方向的開、闔口位移與時間進行資料分析,以二因子重複量數變異數分析檢驗四種聲調在開闔口與聲調間的關係。結果顯示四種聲調沒有差別,但聲調在開闔口表現上有差異,聲調會因為不同的說話情境而改變動作型態。華語聲調確實會因為在句中有不同的角色,而有不同的動作型態。

    The tones in spoken Mandarin provide an extra element to distinguish words in addition to the syllables. Speech production involves a major part of controlling the motor system to perform the appropriate tone-syllable combinations. However, there has been little research on the Mandarin tone variations from the motor control perspective. The purpose of the study was to examine the kinematic characteristics of different tones under different situations. Eight Taiwanese male Mandarin native speakers participated in the experiment. The first task was to perform the disyllabic words with all 16 possible bi-tonal combinations of the four lexical tones of Mandarin. One of the 16 possible bi-tonal combinations of the 4 tones was used and repeated for 5 times to construct the meaningful sentence. Another task was to perform 4meaningful sentences constructed with words of irregular number of syllables. The kinematics data of the lower lip movement were captured and digitized for analyses. The amplitude and the duration of the opening and closing gestures were examined using 2 way repeated measures ANOVA.The results show that the four tones of Taiwanese Mandarin do not behaved differently in spoken sentences. However, they do have different performance on opening and closing gestures. The context dependent tonal characteristics were observed in the motor performance of the spoken disyllabic words. Using the speech-like task to investigate the feature of language provides further understanding of the influence of the tonal contexts in Mandarin speech production.

    摘要 I 致謝詞 III 圖次 4 表次 5 第壹章緒論 8 第一節 研究背景 9 第二節 研究目的 10 第三節 研究問題 10 第四節 研究假設 10 第五節 研究範圍與限制 10 第六節 名詞操作型定義 11 第七節 研究重要性 12 第貳章文獻探討 12 第一節 運動控制 13 第二節 運動控制之相關理論 15 第三節 以動力系統理論的架構探討說話行為 21 (一) KELSO, J.A.S., VATIKIOTIS‐BATESON, E., SALTZMAN, E.L., & KAY, B. (1985). A QUALITATIVE DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF REITERANT SPEECH PRODUCTION: PHASE PORTRAITS, KINEMATICS, AND DYNAMIC MODELING 21 (二) VATIKIOTIS-BATESON, E., & KELSO, J.A.S. (1993). RHYTHM TYPE AND ARTICULATORY DYNAMICS IN ENGLISH, FRENCH AND JAPANESE. 23 第四節 說話速度對說話行為的影響 25 第五節 華語四種聲調在聲學上的特性 26 第六節 文獻總結 27 第參章研究方法 29 第一節 前導實驗 29 第二節 正式實驗 38 一、實驗參與者 38 二、實驗工具 38 三、實驗工作 39 第肆章結果 45 第一節雙字詞的四種聲調之運動學表現 45 第二節雙字詞不同聲調組合的運動學表現 56 第三節非雙字詞四種聲調運動學表現之異同 72 3 第四節非雙字詞不同聲調組合的運動學表現 77 第伍章討論 94 第一節華語四種聲調的動作表現 94 第二節同聲調的雙字詞動作表現 96 第三節不同聲調組合對聲調運動表現的影響 98 第四節結論與建議 99 參考文獻 101 附錄一、資料敘述統計值 107

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