`分'在客語中扮演著多重的角色,本論文旨在探討`分'在句法或語意上的
用法.`分'為一介詞,能賦予其後的名詞不同的格,如主事格,與格,或目標
格,所以`分'也被視為一格標記.此外,它也是個雙賓動詞與使役動詞.`分'
與'佢'的併合現象值得進一步的研究. 在客語中的雙賓結構中,兩個`分'
可同時出現,但此種句型並沒有被動,除非有`係'的標記.不同於國語的 `
給',`分'沒有處置的語意,但'分'與'將'可同時出現.`分'主要出現在使役
與被動兩大句型.在客語使役結構中,如`喊',`害'或`請'等具有使役語意
之動詞出現時,`分'通常不出現.使役結構有`故意'和`無意'兩種語意.`
分'前後的名詞可有不同或相同的指稱, 其指稱視上下文(context)來決
定.`分'於被動中,標示其後的名詞為主事格.'le'(了)的角色暫定為時態
標記與事況改變標記.通常`分'的出現較國語的`被'受限,多用以表示逆境
或不幸之情況,且有突顯主題的功用.此種語素,值得作進一步跨方言的探
究.

Pun is a very versatile morpheme in Hakka; it plays a multiple
role in theHakka grammar. First, it is a preposition with the
capability to assign itsfollowing NP with different cases,
such as an agent case, a dative case or agoal case. Pun is
also a ditransitive verb, meaning 'give' and a cause verbPun
and Ki can contract as Pi; this contraction is similar to 'hong'
in Tai-wanese. Pun equips several unique properties. Two puns
can co-occur in DoubleObject Construction. However, the
occurrence of three puns is forbidden,unlike gei in
Mandarin. Besides, pun does not carry the disposal meaning.
InHakka, pun is allowed to co-occur with the disposal marker,
'tsiong'. To bebrief, pun is usually present in two major
sentence constructions. One iscausative and the other is
passive. In Hakka causative, pun can take an NP(either
animate or inanimate) or a clause as its subject. Two types of
Hakkacausative are classified: one-verb and two-verb. If such
verbs as 'ham','hoe''ts'iang' appear in Hakka causative, then
pun is usually absent. Thesemantic functions of Hakka
causative may be intentional or unintentional. Thedecisive
factor lies in whether the subject has the capability o f
performinga volitional action. The basic form for a pun
sentence is: NP1 Pun NP2 VPWhen NP2 is the third person
pronoun (ki/ki-nem), NP1 and NP2 may refer tothe same thing
or different things depending on the context in which
theyappear. Two basic properties of Hakka passive are discussed
here. First, punin passive marks its following NP as an agent.
Next, the syntactic status of'le' in this thesis is
tentatively set as both an aspect marker and a markerof
signaling the change in the state of the affairs. Three
types of verbcomplements with pun are classified. Generally
speaking, pun in passiveeither specifies an inflictive
situation or marks the topic prominence. Thisthesis is also
expected to shed some light on a cross-dialectal study of
thismulti-functional morpheme.
Pun is a very versatile morpheme in Hakka; it plays a multiple