研究生: |
林宛蓁 Lin, Wan-Chen |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
藝術網點導入圖像化QR Code之自我驗證研究 Self-Authentication of Graphic QR Code Using Artistic Screen |
指導教授: |
王希俊
Wang, Hsi-Chun |
口試委員: |
吳文和
Wu, Wen-ho 周遵儒 Chou, Tzren-Ru 王希俊 Wang, Hsi-Chun |
口試日期: | 2024/01/09 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
圖文傳播學系碩士在職專班 Department of Graphic Arts and Communications_Continuing Education Master's Program of Graphic Arts and Communications |
論文出版年: | 2024 |
畢業學年度: | 112 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 62 |
中文關鍵詞: | 藝術網點 、圖像化QR Code 、疊紋 、自我驗證 |
英文關鍵詞: | Artistic Screening, Graphic QR Code, Moiré, Self-Authentication |
研究方法: | 實驗設計法 |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202400324 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:91 下載:0 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
QR Code (Quick Response Code)為連結虛擬網路與實體世界的重要媒介,可透過掃描來讀取資訊、連結網址或進行電子支付,已成為現今社會中廣泛應用的重要工具。然而,其極簡的外觀、無法藉由人眼直接的辨識,又因製作簡易,竄改複製的安全問題也日益凸顯。許多學者研究如何提升QR Code美觀度、資訊量及防偽識別,儘管如此,無法在掃描條碼之前預先確認資料來源的真偽,仍然是現行使用QR Code的缺陷。
因此,本研究旨於將QR Code可視化與防偽技術整合應用,將具有隱蔽性及防偽性的微結構藝術網點,透過半色調過網技術導入圖像化QR Code中,整合成藝術網點圖像化QR Code;此外,運用疊紋原理的網屏解碼影像技術,將QR Code與針孔狀網屏遮罩片輸出於同一平面上,利用塑膠載體本身的可撓性,使用者只需將QR Code與遮罩片交疊並照光,即可進行自我驗證辨識真偽。
本研究利用四種影像強化方法,找出提升QR Code圖像與解密影像之最佳階調分布。經研究結果顯示,本研究之藝術網點圖像化QR Code可成功被判讀,透過影像強化技術有助於改善圖像暗部,同時微結構亦能有效防止複印偽造;在自我驗證解密影像中,以高斯分布解密影像效果為最佳。而本研究之成果已模擬應用於功能性塑膠票券,其QR Code既美觀、可讀取並可驗證真偽,為有價證券領域帶來了新的應用與價值,更進一步推動QR Code之防偽技術的發展。
The Quick Response Code (QR Code) serves as a crucial link between the virtual network and the physical world, facilitating information retrieval, website linking, and electronic payments through scanning. It has become an extensively utilized tool in contemporary society. However, its minimalist appearance, inability for direct recognition by the human eye, and ease of production have highlighted security concerns related to tampering and replication. Despite numerous scholarly efforts to enhance the aesthetics, information capacity, and anti-counterfeiting features of QR Codes, the inherent limitation of being unable to verify the authenticity of data sources before scanning remains a prevailing drawback.
This study aims to address this limitation by integrating visualization and anti-counterfeiting techniques into QR Code applications. Concealed and anti-counterfeiting microstructure artistic screening, referred to as "artistic screening," is incorporated into QR Codes through halftone screen technology, resulting in an integrated artistic screening graphic QR Code. Additionally, the principles of moiré patterns and screen-decoded image technology are employed to output the QR Code and a pinhole-shaped mesh screen mask on the same plane. Leveraging the flexibility of the plastic carrier itself, users can overlap the QR Code with the mask and illuminate them for self-authentication, enabling the identification of authenticity.
Four image enhancement methods are employed to identify the optimal tone distribution for improving both QR Code images and decrypted images. The research findings demonstrate the successful interpretation of the artistic screening graphic QR Code, highlighting the efficacy of image enhancement techniques in improving dark areas and the ability of microstructures to prevent replication and forgery. In the self-authentication of decrypted images, Gaussian distribution yields the best results. The outcomes of this study are simulated for application in functional plastic vouchers, presenting QR Codes that are aesthetically pleasing, readable, and verifiable, thereby introducing new applications and value to the realm of valuable securities and further advancing anti-counterfeiting technologies associated with QR Codes.
一、英文文獻
Alasia, A.V., Alasia, A.J., & Alasia T.C. (2010). Self-Authenticating Documents With Printed or Embossed Hidden Images. U.S. Patent No. 7,654,580. Washington, DC:U.S. Patent an Trademark Office.
Amidror, I. (2002). New print-based security strategy for the protection of valuable documents and products using moiré intensity profiles. Paper presented at the Optical Security and Counterfeit Deterrence Techniques IV. Vol. 4677. SPIE.
Amidror, I., Chosson, S., & Hersch, R. (Writers). (2007). Moiré methods for the protection of documents and products: A short survey. Journal of Physics: Conference Series: IOP Publishing.
Bevilacqua, A., & Azzari, P. (2007). A high performance exact histogram specification algorithm. 14th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing (ICIAP 2007), 623-628.
Chu, H. K., Chang, C. S., Lee, R. R., & Mitra, N. J. (2013). Halftone QR codes. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), 32(6), 1-8.
Hersch, R.D. ,Chosson, S.(2010). Model-based synthesis of band Moiré images for authenticating security documents and valuable products. U.S. Patent No. 7,751,608.
Kipphan, H. (2001). Handbook of print media: technologies and production methods. Springer Science & Business Media.
Lin, Y. S., Luo, S. J., & Chen, B. Y. (2013). Artistic QR code embellishment. Computer Graphics Forum 32(7), 137–146.
Lin, S. S., Hu, M. C., Lee, C. H., & Lee, T. Y. (2015). Efficient QR code beautification with high quality visual content. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 17(9), 1515-1524.
Lindstrand, M. (2019). Optical Document Security: Measurement, Characterization and Visualization: in the Light of Visual Evaluation 1995. Linköping University Electronic Press.
Ostromoukhov, V., & Hersch, R. D. (1995). Artistic screening. Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques.
Rudaz, N., Hersch, R. D., & Ostromoukhov, V. (1997). Specifying color differences in a linear color space. Proceedings of the IS&T/SID97 Color Imaging Conference, 197-202.
Rudaz, N., Hersch, R. D., & Ostromoukhov, V. (1998). An interface for the interactive design of artistic screens. Electronic Publishing, Artistic Imaging, and Digital Typography: 7th International Conference on Electronic Publishing, EP'98 Held Jointly with the 4th International Conference on Raster Imaging and Digital Typography, RIDT'98 St. Malo, France, March 30–April 3, 1998 Proceedings: Springer.
Ulichney, R. (1987). Digital halftoning. In: MIT press.
Wang, Y.M., Sun, C.T., Kuan, P.C., Lu, C.S. & Wang, H.C. (2018). Secured graphic QR Code with infrared watermark. International Conference on Applied System Innovation (ICASI’18), Chiba, Japan.
二、中文文獻
曲文豪(2018)。條碼技術在鈔券中的應用。印刷科技,34(3),21-57。
吳文和、張育菱、吳欽、石金福(2018)。疊紋技術應用在塑膠鈔券防偽之研究。中華印刷科技年報,16-27。
林浚鴻(2005)。網點細微結構產生數字形錯網之研究。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
張勝茂、高翊峰、陳馨雯(2009)。條碼知多少-淺談條碼的演進與二維條碼的應用。生活科技教育, 42(6), 157-168。
陳永輝(2007)。秘密影像及破碎影像之回顧與檢討。印刷科技,23(3),24-43。
黃克強(2023)。多個二維條碼所組合之灰階影像的列印輸出與讀取。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
葉山華(2017)。以階調修飾改善圖像化二維條碼之顯示效果。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
葉宛茹(2013)。具臺灣意象內容的藝術網點文創設計—以「蝴蝶蘭」為例。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
黎穎蓉(2023)。視覺化二維碼結合 NFT 郵票的虛實整合應用研究。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
繆紹綱(2010)。數位影像處理活用Matlab。全華圖書股份有限公司。
繆紹綱(譯)(2019)。數位影像處理(原著:Rafael C. Conzalez & Richard E. Woods)。高立圖書有限公司。
謝恩平(2014)。藝術網點之加密設計研究—以傳統剪紙鯉躍龍門為例。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
顏詠淳(2016)。藝術網點導入二維條碼加值應用。國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
羅梅君、彭瑞焜、林宗興(2008)。影像增強於跨媒體色彩管理系統之應用。中華印刷科技年報,315-328。doi:10.30153/JCAGST.200803.0022
三、網路文獻
ISO/IEC 18004,2015. Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — QR Code bar code symbology specification.
The Central Bank of Russian Federation from http://www.cbr.ru/cash_circulation/banknotes/100rub/?tab.current=y2022
台灣事實查核中心
https://tfc-taiwan.org.tw/education_cases/8228
https://tfc-taiwan.org.tw/articles/8655