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研究生：	楊雅菁
論文名稱：	臺灣產鷲蛛科之分類研究
指導教授：	陳世煌
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	生命科學系 Department of Life Science
論文出版年：	2005
畢業學年度：	93
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	122
中文關鍵詞：	蜘蛛目、台灣、新種、新紀錄種、枝疣蛛屬、旋管狂蛛屬、分類、狂蛛屬、近狂蛛屬、齒蛛屬、鷲蛛屬、希托蛛屬、掠蛛屬、鷲蛛科
論文種類：	學術論文
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中文摘要
本論文對台灣產鷲蛛科蜘蛛進行分類研究，主要到全省各地採集活體標本，並檢視台灣師範大學生命科學系館藏標本，以形態學方法於解剖顯微鏡下觀察雌、雄蜘蛛的生殖構造及其他外部特徵，並重新繪圖與測量。雄蛛觸肢器及雌蛛外雌器以細剪剪下，詳細觀察其構造，外雌器以10%KOH溶液加熱處理，觀察內部構造。本研究中所使用的標本皆以70%酒精溶液保存，並存放於台灣師範大學生命科學系（NTNUB-Ar）。
本研究結果將台灣產鷲蛛科處理為8屬16種及1個排除種，新增6屬13種。其中掠蛛屬（Drassodes）、希托蛛屬（Hitobia）、齒蛛屬（Odontodrassus）、近狂蛛屬（Drassyllus）、旋管狂蛛屬（Setaphis）與枝疣蛛屬（Cladothela）為新紀錄屬；鋸齒掠蛛（Drassodes serratidens）、單帶希托蛛（Hitobia unifascigera）、波氏狂蛛（Zelotes potanini）、本渡齒蛛（Odontodrassus hondoensis）、小狂蛛（Zelotes exiguus）、小枝疣蛛（Cladothela parva）、沙勞越狂蛛（Zelotes sarawakensis）、和八木沼氏希托蛛（Hitobia yaginumai）等八種為新紀錄種。台北近狂蛛（Drassyllus taipeiensis sp. nov.）、台灣旋管狂蛛（Setaphis formosanus sp. nov.）、南化狂蛛（Zelotes nanhuaensis sp. nov.）、台東狂蛛（Zelotes taitungensis sp. nov.），及台灣狂蛛（Zelotes taiwanensis sp. nov.）等五種為新種。疑問種為西表狂蛛（Zelotes iriomotensis Hayashi, 1994）和白環鷲蛛（Kishidaia albimaculata Saito, 1934）還需更進一步的鑑定。武昌狂蛛（Zelotes wuchangensis Schenkel, 1963）為排除種。
本研究結果不僅可增進我們對台灣鷲蛛科蜘蛛資源及物種多樣性的了解，並可作為未來鷲蛛科生活史、行為與系統演化等領域研究之基礎。

Abstract
The spider family Gnaphosidae (Araneae) in Taiwan is taxonomically revised based on morphological observations. Specimens collected from Taiwan were examined and measured using a stereomicroscope. Female epigynum was removed and pre-cleaned with 10% KOH solution to examine the inner genital structures. Specimens examined in the present study were preserved in 70% ethanol and deposited in the Arachnological collections of the Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University (NTNUB-Ar).
Sixteen species in eight genera of the gnaphosid spiders were recognized from Taiwan in this study; among which six genera, Drassodes, Hitobia, Odontodrassus, Drassyllus, Setaphis, and Cladothela, and eight species, Cladothela parva Kamura, 1991, Drassodes serratidens Schenkel, 1963, Hitobia unifascigera (Bsenberg & Strand, 1906), Zelotes potanini Schenkel, 1963, Odontodrassus hondoensis Saito, 1939, Zelotes exiguous (Mller & Schenkel, 1895), Zelotes sarawakensis (Thorell, 1890), and Hitobia yaginumai Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 were newly recorded from Taiwan. In addition, five species, Drassyllus taipeiensis sp. nov., Setaphis formosanus sp. nov., Zelotes tainanensis sp. nov., Zelotes nanhuaensis sp. nov., and Zelotes taiwanensis sp. nov. are new to the science. Zelotes wuchangensis Schenkel, 1963 was excluded from the spider fauna of Taiwan.
The present study not only provides a basic knowledge for the diversity conservation of spiders in Taiwan, but also provides a chance for further studies on the life history, behavior and phylogenetics of gnaphosid spiders.

附表目次……………………………………………………………....Π附圖目次………………………………………………………………Ⅲ
中文摘要……………………………………………………………...VI英文摘要……………………………………………………………..VII
壹、前言……………………………………………………………    1
貳、材料與方法……………………………………………………    4
參、生活習性與形態特徵…………………………………………    7
肆、分類處理………………………………………………………    17
枝疣蛛屬(Genus Cladothela)……………………………………    19
掠蛛屬(Genus Drassodes)………………………………………    21
近狂蛛屬(Genus Drassyllus)……………………………………    24
鷲蛛屬(Genus Gnaphosa)…………………………………………    26
希托蛛屬(Genus Hitobia)………………………………………    30
齒蛛屬(Genus Odontodrassus)…………………………………    35
旋管狂蛛屬(Genus Setaphis)……………………………………    38
狂蛛屬(Genus Zelotes)…………………………………………    41
伍、參考文獻………………………………………………………    59
附錄一、採集地名中英對照表……………………………………    117
附錄二、台灣產鷲蛛科蜘蛛名錄…………………………………    120
附錄三、彩色圖版…………………………………………………    122

附表目次
Table 1.    Measurement of leg segments of Cladothela parva Kamura, 1991………    68
Table 2.    Measurement of leg segments of Drassodes serratidens Schenkel, 1963.…    68
Table 3.    Measurement of leg segments of Drassyllus taipeiensis sp. nov…………    68
Table 4.    Msurement of leg segments of Gnaphosa kompirensis Bsenberg &
    Strand, 1906………………………………………………..……………    69
Table 5.    Measurement of leg segments of Hitobia unifascigera (Bsenberg &
    Strand, 1906) ………………………………………………………………    69
Table 6.    Measurement of leg segments of Hitobia yaginumai Deeleman-Reinhold,    2001……    69
Table 7.    Measurement of leg segments of Odontodrassus hondoensis Saito, 1939…    70
Table 8.    Measurement of leg segments of Setaphis formosanus sp. nov……    ………    70
Table 9.    Measurement of leg segments of Zelotes asiaticus (Bsenberg &
    Strand, 1906)….………...…………………………………………...…..….    71
Table 10.    Measurement of leg segments of Zelotes exiguus (Mller & Schenkel,
    1895)………………………………………………………………………..    71
Table 11.     Measurement of leg segments of Zelotes nanhuaensis sp. nov…….............    71
Table 12.    Measurement of leg segments of Zelotes potanini Schenkel, 1963...............    72
Table 13.    Measurement of leg segments of Zelotes sanmen Platnick & Song, 1986....    72
Table 14.    Measurement of leg segments of Zelotes sarawakensis (Thorell, 1890)…...    73
Table 15.    Measurement of leg segments of Zelotes taitungensis sp. nov………..……    73
Table 16.    Measurement of leg segments of Zelotes taiwanensis sp. nov……………..    73


附圖目次

Figure 1.    Pattern variations on the marginal teeth of Gnaphosidae from Taiwan……    9
Figure 2.    Epigynum of gnaphosid. A. Epigynum, ventral view; B. Vulva, dorsal
    view.…………………………………………………………………….    12
Figure 3.    Pattern variations on the epigyna of Gnaphosidae from Taiwan (A-G)...    13
Figure 4.    Left palpal organ of gnaphosid, ventral view…………………………..    14
Figure 5.    Pattern variations on the left palp of Gnaphosidae from Taiwan (A-E)..    15
Figure 6.    Pattern variations on the tibial apophysis of Gnaphosidae from Taiwan.    16
Figure 7.    External features of spider……………………………………………...    74
Figure 8.    External features of spider……………………………………………...    75
Figure 9.    Cladothela parva Kamura, 1991…………………………………….….    76
Figure 10.    Drassodes serratidens Schenkel, 1963…………………………………    77
Figure 11.    Drassodes serratidens Schenkel, 1963 ………………………………..    78    78
Figure 12.    Drassyllus taipeiensis sp. nov…………………………………………..    79
Figure 13.    Gnaphosa kompirensis Bsenberg & Strand, 1906……………………..    80
Figure 14.    Gnaphosa kompirensis Bsenberg & Strand, 1906…….……………….    81
Figure 15.    Hitobia unifascigera (Bsenberg & Strand, 1906)…....………………..    82
Figure 16.    Hitobia yaginumai Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001…………………………    83
Figure 17.    Odontodrassus hondoensis Saito, 1939…………………..….…………    84
Figure 18.    Odontodrassus hondoensis Saito, 1939.…………………….……….…    85    85
Figure 19.    Setaphis formosanus sp. nov…………………………………………....    86    …86
Figure 20.    Setaphis formosanus sp. nov…………………….…………………….    87    87
Figure 21.    Zelotes asiaticus (Bsenberg & Strand, 1906)………………………...    88    88
Figure 22.    Zelotes asiaticus (Bsenberg & Strand, 1906)………………………...    89    .89
Figure 23.    Zelotes exiguus (Mller & Schenkel, 1895)………….……….………..    90
Figure 24.    Zelotes nanhuaensis sp. nov………………………….…………    ……...     91
Figure 25.    Zelotes potanini Schenkel, 1963………………………..…………........     92
Figure 26.    Zelotes potanini Schenkel, 1963............................….....…………….....     93
Figure 27.    Zelotes sanmen Platnick & Song, 1986……………………    …………..     94
Figure 28.    Zelotes sanmen Platnick & Song, 1986……………………    …………..     95
Figure 29.    Zelotes sarawakensis (Thorell, 1890)….……………………..    ……......    96
Figure 30.    Zelotes taitungensis sp. nov………………………    …………………....     97
Figure 31.    Zelotes taitungensis sp. nov………………    ………..…………………..     98
Figure 32.    Zelotes taiwanensis sp. nov…………………    …………..……………..    99
Figure 33.    Zelotes taiwanensis sp. nov……………    ……………..………………...    100
Figure 34.    Collecting locations of Cladothela parva Kamura, 1991 in Taiwan……    101
Figure 35.    Collecting locations of Drassodes serratidens Schenkel, 1963 in
    Taiwan………………………………………………………………….    102
Figure 36.    Collecting location of Drassyllus taipeiensis sp. nov. in Taiwan……....    103
Figure 37.    Collecting locations of Gnaphosa kompirensis Bsenberg & Strand,
    1906 in Taiwan………..……………………    …………..……………….    104
Figure 38.    Collecting location of Hitobia unifascigera (Bsenberg & Strand,
    1906) in Taiwan…………………………………………………………    105
Figure 39.    Collecting locations of Hitobia yaginumai Deeleman-Reinhold,
    2001 in Taiwan…...…………    ………………………………………….    106
Figure 40.    Collecting locations of Odontodrassus hondoensis Saito, 1939
    in Taiwan………………………………………………………………..    107
Figure 41.    Collecting locations of Setaphis formosanus sp. nov. in Taiwan…….....    108

Figure 42.    Collecting locations of Zelotes asiaticus (Bsenberg & Strand, 1906)
    in Taiwan………….………………………………………………….....    109
Figure 43.    Collecting locations of Zelotes exiguus (Mller & Schenkel, 1895)
    in Taiwan……………………………………………………...……......    110
Figure 44.    Collecting location of Zelotes nanhuaensis sp. nov. in Taiwan………...    111
Figure 45.    Collecting locations of Zelotes potanini Schenkel, 1963 in Taiwan….    112
Figure 46.    Collecting locations of Zelotes sanmen Platnick & Song, 1986 in    .…
    Taiwan………………………………………………………………….    113
Figure 47.    Collecting location of Zelotes sarawakensis (Thorell, 1890) in Taiwan..    114
Figure 48.    Collecting location of Zelotes taitungensis sp. nov. in Taiwan .………..    115
Figure 49.    Collecting locations of Zelotes taiwanensis sp. nov. in Taiwan...………    116
                                

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