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研究生: 趙曉雯
Hsiao-Wen Chao
論文名稱: 優秀男女網球選手正、反拍搶打截擊之運動力學分析
The biomechanical analysis of elate male and female of forehand and backhand tennis poaching
指導教授: 黃長福
Huang, Chen-Fu
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 體育學系
Department of Physical Education
論文出版年: 2009
畢業學年度: 97
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 102
中文關鍵詞: 網球雙打搶打截擊開跳步肌電圖牽張縮短循環
英文關鍵詞: tennis doubles, poaching, split-step, electromyography, stretch-shortening-cycle
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:187下載:11
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  • 目的:比較臺灣優秀甲組男女子網球選手在網球正反拍搶打截擊動作時之運動學參數、牽張反射對搶打截擊表現的影響。針對競技運動特殊性來探討網球選手在正反拍搶打截擊的過程中是否因為適當的啟動時機而增加搶打截擊的成功率。方法:甲組全國排名前32強之男子(平均年齡21.00 ± 2.33歲,平均身高182.06 ± 2.73公分,平均體重74.62 ± 6.23公斤)及女子(平均年齡20.90 ± 2.10歲,平均身高169.12 ± 3.52公分,平均體重60.38 ± 5.73公斤)各8名慣用手皆為右手的網球選手參與本實驗,在室內體育館內黏貼製作網球場地,利用送球員及控球員來控制實驗過程中的球速及方向,並在實驗場區外以兩台FASTEC Inline的高速攝影機同步收集控球員及受試者2D的運動學資料,九台VICON三維動作捕捉系統同步收集受試者的全身3D運動學資料以及用DASYLab收集下肢肌電訊號,並收集正反拍各三次成功的數據取其平均值來進行分析,並將所有數據以相依樣本t-test考驗來進行正反拍參數之差異。
    經資料處理分析後,本研究運動學參數經討論獲得結論如下:
    一、本研究男女子選手在正拍搶打截擊的成功率明顯高於反拍,但開跳步的啟動時機是沒有差異。
    二、在搶打過程動量的來源以下肢為主,男子正拍在開跳步離心期的身體重心高度明顯高於反拍;女子反拍在動作腳跟著地的身體重心高度明顯高於正拍。在女子反拍在啟動腳跟著地及擊球的重心速度皆明顯快於正拍。搶打截擊必須縮短球拍與球接觸的時間,增加揮拍力量,雖然男女子在正反拍揮拍擊拍速度方面皆無顯著差異,但在反拍搶打回擊球的速度上是明顯高於正拍搶打。另外,在男子正拍搶打的動作反應時間明顯快於反拍。
    經資料處理分析後,本研究肌電訊號經討論獲得結論如下:
    一、在牽張反射動作上,在下蹲(離心)期時為了使肌肉能夠有較佳的儲存能量的效能,而花了比上跳(向心)期較多的時間,顯示開跳步動作可能具有利於瞬間能量轉換機制存在。
    二、肌肉作用力的大小與預先準備啟動的方向有一致性的結果。

    Purpose: Kinematics data and EMG data was collected from elite tennis players to determine the effects of the split step on the poaching action used in doubles tennis. Specifically the timing of the split step was examined to see if it affected the success rate of the poaching action. Methods: The subjects who participated in this study are: Eight male players (age 21 ± 2.33 years; height 182.06 ±2.73cm; weight 74.62 ± 6.23kg) and eight female players (age 20.9 ± 2.10 years; height 169.12 ± 3.52cm; weight 60.38 ± 5.73kg) who have no injury within six months and are ranked in the top 32 players of the country. The ball velocity and direction was controled by other players during the experiment. Two high-speed FASTEC Inline cameras were synchronized to collect 2D kinematics data. Nine Vicon Motion Capture System cameras and an EMG system were synchronized to collect 3D kinematics data. A dependent t-test was used to test the kinematic difference between forehand and backhand poaching. Conclusion:
    The following are the results of kinematics data :
    1. The results of this research clearly show that the success rate of the forehand poaching for both male and female is much greater than the backhand poaching. Interestingly the speed of the split step is the same for both.
    2. The change in the height of male’s center of gravity (CG) was greater on their backhand. This occurred at the time of the split step. For females, the greatest change in the height of the center of gravity (CG) occurred when their lead foot was planted on their forehand. The speed of the lateral movement of the center of gravity (CG) for female from the time the leading foot leaves the court to the moment the trailing foot is planted and the ball is struck, is faster on their backhand side. For male, the speed of the entire stroke for both forehand and backhand is the same. This is true for both male and female. Reaction time for male is fast for their forehand.
    The following are the results of electromyography (EMG) data :
    1. The crouch of the split step takes longer than the jump. It is during the crouch that the muscle stores the energy needed for the jump. So the split step is an important step that prepares the leg muscles for the springing action needed in the footwork of the poaching action.
    2. At the time of the crouch in the split step, the EMG activity of muscles is directly related to whether the player will hit a forehand or backhand stroke.

    目 次 中文摘要…………………………………………………………Ⅰ 英文摘要…………………………………………………………Ⅱ 謝 誌…………………………………………………………Ⅳ 目 次…………………………………………………………Ⅴ 圖 次……………………………………………..…………..Ⅸ 表 次…………………………………………………....……Ⅹ 第壹章 序論 一、研究背景……………………………………………………………01 二、研究問題……………………………………………………………04 三、研究目的……………………………………………………………05 四、研究假設……………………………………………………………06 五、研究範圍……………………………………………………………06 六、研究限制……………………………………………………………06 七、名詞解釋與操作性定義……………………………………………07 八、研究的重要性………………………………………………………12 第貳章 文獻探討 一、網球搶打截擊的種類與技巧………………………………………13 二、網球截擊與步伐……………………………………………………17 三、知覺預期能力………………………………………………………17 四、牽張-縮短循環………………………………...………………… 19 五、肌肉彈性能…………………………………………………………19 六、肌肉牽張反射之肌電活動現象……………………………………20 七、文獻探討總結………………………………………………………22 第叁章 研究方法與步驟 一、研究對象..……..……………………………………………………25 二、實驗時間與地點……………………………………………………26 三、實驗設計……………………………………………………………26 四、實驗器材……………………………………………………………29 五、實驗場地佈置………………………………………………………31 六、資料收集……………………………………………………………33 七、實驗步驟……………………………………………………………40 八、資料處理……………………………………………………………43 九、統計分析……………………………………………………………46 第肆章 結果 一、運動學參數…………………………………………………………47 二、下肢主作用肌肌電訊號的時間序列及參與程度比較……………56 第伍章 討論與結論 一、正反拍動作對回擊球速度的影響…………………………………69 二、正反拍動作對進球成功率的影響…………………………………70 三、各階段時間分期對正反拍的動作反應的影響……………………71 四、身體重心位移對正反拍的影響……………………………………73 五、重心速度對正反拍的影響…………………………………………74 六、正反拍動作對揮拍速度的影響……………………………………75 七、下肢主作用肌對正反拍的影響……………………………………76 八、結論…………………………………………………………………77 九、建議…………………………………………………………………79 引用文獻 中文部份………………………………………………………………..81 英文部分………………………………………………………………..82 附錄 附錄一 受試者須知及參與同意書……………………..……………85 附錄二 受試者基本資料表……………………………..……………86 附錄三 成功進球率的計算方式……………………………..………87 附錄四 受試者擊球成功的動作編號…………………..……………88 圖次 圖1 儀器操作與動作關係圖………………………………………..…11 圖2 正拍搶打截擊球點高度和方向的選擇圖……………………..…15 圖3 實驗器材圖……………………………………………………..…31 圖4 室內體育館實景………………………………………………..…31 圖5 實驗場地佈置圖………………………………………….…….…32 圖6 ViconGolem of Visual 3D反光標記的貼法圖示……………….35 圖7 正面反光點黏貼部位實景圖………………………………….….39 圖8背面反光點黏貼部位實景圖………………………….…………..39 圖9 實驗步驟流程圖…………………………………………….…….42 圖10 男子正拍原始肌電圖………………………………...............…58 圖11 男子正拍搶打擊球開跳步之下肢肌電時間序列圖……….......58 圖12 男子反拍原始肌電圖…………....................................................60 圖13 男子反拍搶打擊球開跳步之下肢肌電時間序列圖....................60 圖14 女子正拍原始肌電圖…………………........................................62 圖15 女子正拍搶打擊球開跳步之下肢肌電時間序列圖....................62 圖16 女子反拍原始肌電圖………………………................................64 圖17 女子反拍搶打擊球開跳步之下肢肌電時間序列圖....................64 表次 表1 受試者基本資料…………………………………………………..25 表2 站位及動作要求…………………………………………………..28 表3 反光球黏貼位置說明表…………………………………………..36 表4 表面肌電電極片黏貼位置表………..…………………………....37 表5徒手測試最大自主等長收縮姿勢表…….……………………….38 表6 Visual 3d模型之建立的肢段定義表………..……………………44 表7男子實驗球速控制……….……………………………………….47 表8 女子實驗球速控制……….………………..………….……….….48 表9 男子正反拍搶打截擊不同動作時間……………………………..50 表10 女子正反拍搶打截擊不同動作時間……………………………50 表11 男子不同動作時間點重心高度…………………….…………...52 表12 女子不同動作時間點重心高度.….…………..............................52 表13 男子不同動作時間點啟動速度.…………...................................54 表14 女子不同動作時間點啟動速度.…………...................................54 表15 男子正反拍搶打截擊球動作的揮拍速度....................................55 表16 女子正反拍搶打截擊球動作的揮拍速度....................................55 表17 男子下蹲(離心)期左右腳之積分值……....................................65 表18 女子下蹲(離心)期左右腳之積分值………...............................66 表19 男子上跳(向心)期左右腳之積分值…...........................…….....67 表20 女子上跳(向心)期左右腳之積分值…...........................…….....68

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