研究生: |
林郁芹 Lin, Yu-Cin |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
The effects between Coming Out and Workplace Friendship on Job Satisfaction in Taiwan The effects between Coming Out and Workplace Friendship on Job Satisfaction in Taiwan |
指導教授: |
賴志樫
Lai, Chin-Chien |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
國際人力資源發展研究所 Graduate Institute of International Human Resource Developmemt |
論文出版年: | 2018 |
畢業學年度: | 106 |
語文別: | 英文 |
論文頁數: | 83 |
中文關鍵詞: | come out 、workplace friendship 、job satisfaction 、homosexual |
英文關鍵詞: | come out, workplace friendship, job satisfaction, homosexual |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/THE.NTNU.GIHRD.012.2018.F06 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:141 下載:11 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
無中文摘要
Recently, more attention has been paid to the right and awareness of homosexual people. More and more scholars abroad have studied the related issues. For homosexual, however, whether to come out in the workplace remains a difficult decision. It is possible that after coming out in the workplace, the homosexual people might be discriminated or treated unequally. To put it differently, coming out will not only let homosexual gain self-confidence but also release the stress from the workplace, furthermore, it can be transformed to a positive attitude to advance the degree of job satisfaction. As a consequence, the mission of this study is to investigate: (a) how will coming out influence job satisfaction; (b) the relationship between workplace friendship and job satisfaction; (c) how workplace friendship will influence coming out choice. In total, 515 valid responses were collected by online questionnaire and respondents were asked for filling demographic information then data were analyzed by AMOS and SPSS. Results showed that coming out and workplace friendship will improve job satisfaction. This study hopes to understand coming out status and the level of workplace friendship that homosexual people are treated in the company, giving them the guidance to help improve job satisfaction.
Alanko, K., Santilla, P., Harlaar, N., Witting, K., Varjonen, M., Jern, P., Sandnabba, N. K. (2010). Common genetic of gender atypical behavior in childhood and sexual orientation in adulthood: A study of Finnish twins. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39(1), 81-92.
Andrew, A., & Montague, J. (1998). Women’s friendship at work. Women's Studies International Forum, 21(1), 355-361.
Bader, H. A., Hashim, I. H., & Zaharim, N. M. (2013). Workplace friendships among bank employees in Eastern Libya. Digest of Middle East Studies, 22(1), 94-116.
Badgett, M. V., Lau, H., Sears, B., & Ho, D. (2007). Bias in the workplace: Consistent evidence of sexual orientation and gender identity discrimination. Retrieved from https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/prd/content/qt5h3731xr/qt5h3731xr.pdf
Bailey, J. M., & Bell, A. P. (1993). Familiality of female and male homosexuality. Behavior Genetics, 23(4), 313-322.
Bailey, J. M., Pillard, R. C., Dawood, K., Miller, M. B., Farrer, L. A., Trivedi, S., & Murphy, R. L. (1999). A family history study of male sexual orientation using three independent samples. Behavior Genetics, 29(2), 79-86.
Bailey, J. M., Willerman, L., & Parks, C. (1991). A test of the maternal stress theory of human male homosexuality. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 20(3), 277-293.
Bailey, N. W., Hoskins, J. L., Green, J., & Ritchie, M. G. (2013). Measuring same-sex sexual behaviour: The influence of the male social environment. Animal Behaviour, 86(1), 91-100.
Ben-Ari, A. (1995). The discovery that an offspring is gay: Parents', gay men's, and lesbians' perspectives. Journal of Homosexuality, 30(1), 89-112.
Berman, E. M., West, J. P., & Richter Jr, M. N. (2002). Workplace relations: Friendship patterns and consequences (according to managers). Public Administration Review, 62(2), 217-230.
Blanchard, R. (2012). Fertility in the mothers of firstborn homosexual and heterosexual men. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41(3), 551-556.
Blanchard, R., Zucker, K. J., Cohen-Kettenis, P. T., Gooren, L. J., & Bailey, J. M. (1996). Birth order and sibling sex ratio in two samples of Dutch gender-dysphoric homosexual males. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 25(5), 495-514.
Blandford, J. M. (2003). The nexus of sexual orientation and gender in the determination of earnings. ILR Review, 56(4), 622-642.
Bohan, J. S. (1996). Psychology and sexual orientation: Coming to terms. New York, NY: Routledge.
Button, S. B. (1996). Organizational efforts to affirm sexual diversity: A multi-level examination. (Doctoral dissertation) Retrieved from The Pennsylvania state University.
Button, S. B. (2001). Organizational efforts to affirm sexual diversity: A cross-level examination. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 17.
Cain, R. (1991). Stigma management and gay identity development. Social Work, 36(1), 67-73.
Carpenter, C. (2008). Sexual orientation, income, and non-pecuniary economic outcomes: New evidence from young lesbians in Australia. Review of Economics of the Household, 6(4), 391-408.
Carpenter, C. S. (2005). Sexual orientation and economic well-being in Canada. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Mimeo, The Paul Merage School of Business, University of California, Irvine.
Cass, V. C. (1979). Homosexuality identity formation: A theoretical model. Journal of Homosexuality, 4(3), 219-235.
Chakraborty, A., McManus, S., Brugha, T. S., Bebbington, P., & King, M. (2011). Mental health of the non-heterosexual population of England. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 198(2), 143-148.
Chen, C. Y., Mao, H. Y., Hsieh, A. T., Liu, L. L., & Yen, C. H. (2013). The relationship among interactive justice, leader–member exchange, and workplace friendship. The Social Science Journal, 50(1), 89-95.
Chou, H. S., (1995). Discussions of relationship between homosexuals. Hong Kong, HK: Hong Kong Homosexuals Research Institution. [text in Chinese 同志論]
Chung, D. C., (1998). The stress and adaptive strategy of gay men, when they encounter AIDS and AIDS control policy. Formosan Journal of Sexology, 4(1), 16-27. [text in Chinese男同志在面對愛滋烙印與防治政策時的壓力及其因應策略]
Clain, S. H., & Leppel, K. (2001). An investigation into sexual orientation discrimination as an explanation for wage differences. Applied Economics, 33(1), 37-47.
Clark, A. E. (1997). Job satisfaction and gender: why are women so happy at work? Labour Economics, 4(4), 341-372.
Croteau, J. M. (1996). Research on the work experiences of lesbian, gay, and bisexual people: An integrative review of methodology and findings. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 48(2), 195-209.
Croteau, J. M., Anderson, M. Z., & VanderWal, B. L. (2008). Models of workplace sexual identity disclosure and management: Reviewing and extending concepts. Group & Organization Management, 33(5), 532-565.
D’Augelli, A. R., & Grossman, A. H. (2001). Disclosure of sexual orientation, victimization, and mental health among lesbian, gay, and bisexual older adults. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 16(10), 1008-1027.
Day, N. E., & Schoenrade, P. (1997). Staying in the closet versus coming out: Relationships between communication about sexual orientation and work attitudes. Personnel Psychology, 50(1), 147-163.
D’Cruz, P., & Noronha, E. (2011). The limits to workplace friendship: Managerialist HRM and bystander behaviour in the context of workplace bullying. Employee Relations, 33(3), 269-288.
De Cecco, J. P., & Shively, M. G. (1984). From sexual identity to sexual relationships: A contextual shift. Journal of Homosexuality, 9(2-3), 1-26.
Diamond, L. M. (2013). Sexual-minority, gender-nonconforming, and transgender youths. In Bromberg, D. S., & O’Donohue, W. T., Handbook of child and adolescent sexuality (pp. 275-300). doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/C2010-0-69245-5
Dotan, H. (2007). Friendship ties at work: Origins, evolution and consequences for managerial effectiveness (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of California, Los Angeles, CA.
Drago, R., & Wooden, M. (1992). The determinants of labor absence: Economic factors and workgroup norms across countries. ILR Review, 45(4), 764-778.
Drydakis, N. (2011). Women's sexual orientation and labor market outcomes in Greece. Feminist Economics, 17(1), 89-117.
Drydakis, N. (2012). Health-impaired employees' job satisfaction: new evidence from Athens, Greece. Applied Economics Letters, 19(8), 789-793.
Ellison, G., & Gunstone, B. (2009). Sexual orientation explored: A study of identity, attraction, behaviour and attitudes in 2009. Manchester, England: Equality and Human Rights Commission.
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. (2009). EU-MIDIS, European union minorities and discrimination survey. Budapest, Hungary: The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, FRA.
Faragher, E. B., Cass, M., & Cooper, C. L. (2005). The relationship between job satisfaction and health: a meta-analysis. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 62(2), 105-112.
Fassinger, R. E. (1996). Notes from the margins: Integrating lesbian experience into the vocational psychology of women. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 48(2), 160-175.
Feeley, T. H., Hwang, J., & Barnett, G. A. (2008). Predicting employee turnover from friendship networks. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 36(1), 56-73.
Fehr, B. (1996). Friendship processes. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Fields, D. L. (2002). Taking the measure of work: A guide to validated scales for organizational research and diagnosis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Fine G.A. (1986) Friendships in the work place. In V.J. Derlega & B.A. Winstead, Friendship and social interaction (pp.185-206). doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4880-4_10
Frey, B. S., & Stutzer, A. (2002). What can economists learn from happiness research? Journal of Economic Literature, 40(2), 402-435.
Gates, G. J. (2011). How many people are lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender? Los Angeles, CA: The Williams Institute.
Gazioglu, S., & Tansel, A. (2006). Job satisfaction in Britain: individual and job related factors. Applied Economics, 38(10), 1163-1171.
Gibbons, D. E. (2004). Friendship and advice networks in the context of changing professional values. Administrative Science Quarterly, 49(2), 238-262.
Gonsiorek, J. C. (1995). Gay male identities: Concepts and issues. In A. R. D’Augelli & C. J. Patterson (Eds.), Lesbian, gay, and bisexual identities over the lifespan: Psychological perspectives (pp. 24–47). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Goodman, R. E. (1997). Understanding human sexuality—specifically homosexuality and the paraphilias—in terms of chaos theory and fetal development. Medical Hypotheses, 48(3), 237-243.
Grant, R. M., Lama, J. R., Anderson, P. L., McMahan, V., Liu, A. Y., Vargas, L., et al., (2010). Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men. New England Journal of Medicine, 363(27), 2587-2599.
Green, F. (2010). Well-being, job satisfaction and labour mobility. Labour Economics, 17(6), 897-903.
Green, S. B., & Salkind, N. J. (2016). Using SPSS for Windows and Macintosh, Books a la Carte. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc.
Griffith, K. H., & Hebl, M. R. (2002). The disclosure dilemma for gay men and lesbians:" coming out" at work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(6), 1191.
Hamilton, E. A. (2007). Firm friends: Examining functions and outcomes of workplace friendship among law firm associates (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Boston College, United States.
Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. (2008). Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 53-60
Huffman, A. H., Watrous‐Rodriguez, K. M., & King, E. B. (2008). Supporting a diverse workforce: What type of support is most meaningful for lesbian and gay employees? Human Resources Management, 47(2), 237-253.
Hulin, C. L., & Judge, T. A. (2003). Job attitudes. In W. C. Borman, D. R. Ilgen, & R. J. Klimoski (Eds.), Handbook of psychology (pp. 255-276). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Hunt, R., & Jensen, J. (2007). The experiences of young gay people in Britain's schools. London, England: Stonewall.
Jehn, K. A., & Shah, P. P. (1997). Interpersonal relationships and task performance: An examination of mediation processes in friendship and acquaintance groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(4), 775.
Jordan, K. M., & Deluty, R. H. (1998). Coming out for lesbian women: Its relation to anxiety, positive affectivity, self-esteem, and social support. Journal of Homosexuality, 35(2), 41-63.
Judge, T. A., Thoresen, C. J., Bono, J. E., & Patton, G. K. (2001). The job satisfaction-job performance relationship: A qualitative and quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 127(3), 376-407.
Juster, R. P., Smith, N. G., Ouellet, É., Sindi, S., & Lupien, S. J. (2013). Sexual orientation and disclosure in relation to psychiatric symptoms, diurnal cortisol, and allostatic load. Psychosomatic Medicine, 75(2), 103-116.
King, E. B., Mohr, J. J., Peddie, C. I., Jones, K. P., & Kendra, M. (2017). Predictors of identity management: An exploratory experience-sampling study of lesbian, gay, and bisexual workers. Journal of Management, 43(2), 476-502.
Kram, K. E., & Isabella, L. A. (1985). Mentoring alternatives: The role of peer relationships in career development. Academy of Management Journal, 28(1), 110-132.
Lane, J. D., & Wegner, D. M. (1995). The cognitive consequences of secrecy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(2), 237-253.
Lax, J. R., & Phillips, J. H. (2009). Gay rights in the states: Public opinion and policy responsiveness. American Political Science Review, 103(3), 367-386.
Levine, M. P., & Leonard, R. (1984). Discrimination against lesbians in the work force. Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 9(4), 700-710.
Liddle, B. J., Luzzo, D. A., Hauenstein, A. L., & Schuck, K. (2004). Construction and validation of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered climate inventory. Journal of Career Assessment, 12(1), 33-50.
Lin, Z. Y., (2001). The construct and deconstruct of homosexual’s right and status: Discussion from the policy of homosexual entering military service (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). National Taiwan University, Taipei. [text in Chinese從同性戀者入伍服役政策論同性戀者權利主體地位之建構與解構]
Lincoln, J. R., & Miller, J. (1979). Work and friendship ties in organizations: A comparative analysis of relation networks. Administrative Science Quarterly,24(2), 181-199.
Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. In M. D. Dunnette (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 1297-1347). Chicago, Illinois: Rand McNally.
Maas, J., Wismeijer, A. A., Van Assen, M. A., & Aquarius, A. E. (2012). Is it bad to have secrets? Cognitive preoccupation as a toxic element of secrecy. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 12(1), 23-37.
Madera, J. M. (2010). The cognitive effects of hiding one's homosexuality in the workplace. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 3(1), 86-89.
Marsiglio, W. (1993). Attitudes toward homosexual activity and gays as friends: A national survey of heterosexual 15 to 19‐year‐old males. Journal of Sex Research, 30(1), 12-17.
Morgan, E. M. (2013). Contemporary issues in sexual orientation and identity development in emerging adulthood. Emerging Adulthood, 1(1), 52-66.
Morris, J. F., Waldo, C. R., & Rothblum, E. D. (2001). A model of predictors and outcomes of outness among lesbian and bisexual women. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 71(1), 61-71.
Morrison, R. L. (2008). Negative relationships in the workplace: Associations with organizational commitment, cohesion, job satisfaction and intention turnover. Journal of Management and Organization, 14, 330–344.
Mount, M., Ilies, R., & Johnson, E. (2006). Relationship of personality traits and counterproductive work behaviors: The mediating effects of job satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 59(3), 591-622.
Ozeren, E. (2014). Sexual orientation discrimination in the workplace: A systematic review of literature. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109(2014), 1203-1215.
Pachankis, J. E. (2007). The psychological implications of concealing a stigma: a cognitive-affective-behavioral model. Psychological Bulletin, 133(2), 328-345.
Pagán, R., & Malo, M. Á. (2009). Job satisfaction and disability: lower expectations about jobs or a matter of health? Spanish Economic Review, 11(1), 51-74.
Patterson, M., Warr, P., & West, M. (2004). Organizational climate and company productivity: The role of employee affect and employee level. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(2), 193-216.
Pettinger, L. (2005). Friends, relations and colleagues: The blurred boundaries of the workplace. The Sociological Review, 53(2), 37-55.
Ragins, B. R., & Cornwell, J. M. (2001). Pink triangles: antecedents and consequences of perceived workplace discrimination against gay and lesbian employees. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(6), 1244-1261.
Ragins, B. R., Singh, R., & Cornwell, J. M. (2007). Making the invisible visible: Fear and disclosure of sexual orientation at work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(4), 1103-1118.
Rice, W. R., Friberg, U., & Gavrilets, S. (2012). Homosexuality as a consequence of epigenetically canalized sexual development. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 87(4), 343-368.
Riordan, C. M., & Griffeth, R. W. (1995). The opportunity for friendship in the workplace: An underexplored construct. Journal of Business and Psychology, 10(2), 141-154.
Rodriguez, R. R., & Kelly, A. E. (2006). Health effects of disclosing secrets to imagined accepting versus nonaccepting confidants. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25(9), 1023-1047.
Ross, J. A. (1997). Does friendship improve job performance? Harvard Business Review, 75(2), 8-9.
Rothblum, E. D. (2000). “Somewhere in Des Moines or San Antonio”: Historical perspectives on lesbian, gay and bisexual mental health. In K. J. Bieschke, R. M. Perez, & K. A. DeBord (Eds.), Handbook of counseling and psychotherapy with lesbian, gay, bisexual clients (pp.82-89). Washington, DC: APA.
Saari, L. M., & Judge, T. A. (2004). Employee attitudes and job satisfaction. Human Resource Management, 43(4), 395-407.
Sanders, S.A., Reinisch, J.M. and McWhirter, D.P. (1990) Homosexuality/heterosexuality: an overview. In D.P. McWhirter, S.A. Sanders and J.M. Reinisch (Eds) Homosexuality/heterosexuality: Concepts of sexual orientation (pp.10-12). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Savin-Williams, R. C. (1990). Gay and lesbian youth: Expressions of identity. Washington, DC: Hemisphere Publishing Corp.
Savin-Williams, R. C. (1998). The disclosure to families of same-sex attractions by lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 8(1), 49-68.
Schwartz, G., Kim, R. M., Kolundzija, A. B., Rieger, G., & Sanders, A. R. (2010). Biodemographic and physical correlates of sexual orientation in men. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39(1), 93-109.
Sears, B., & Mallory, C. (2011). Documented evidence of employment discrimination and its effects on LGBT people. Los Angeles, CA: The Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law.
Segars, A. H. (1997). Assessing the unidimensionality of measurement: A paradigm and illustration within the context of information systems research. Omega, 25(1), 107-121.
Shah, P. P., & Jehn, K. A. (1993). Do friends perform better than acquaintances? The interaction of friendship, conflict, and task. Group Decision and Negotiation, 2(2), 149-165.
Sias, P. M. (2005). Workplace relationship quality and employee information experiences. Communication Studies, 56(4), 375-395.
Sias, P. M., & Cahill, D. J. (1998). From coworkers to friends: The development of peer friendships in the workplace. Western Journal of Communication, 62(3), 273-299.
Song, S. H. (2005). Workplace friendship and its impact on employees’ positive work attitudes-A comparative study of Seoul City and New Jersey state government public officials. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). The State University of New Jersey, United States.
Song, S. H. (2006). Workplace friendship and employees’ productivity: LMX theory and the case of the Seoul city government. International Review of Public Administration, 11(1), 47-58.
Song, S. H., & Olshfski, D. (2008). Friends at work: A comparative study of work attitudes in Seoul city government and New Jersey state government. Administration & Society, 40(2), 147-169.
Tavakol, M., & Dennick, R. (2011). Making Sense of Cronbach’s Alpha. International Journal of Medical Education, 2, 53-55.
Trau, R. N. (2015). The impact of discriminatory climate perceptions on the composition of intraorganizational developmental networks, psychosocial support, and job and career attitudes of employees with an invisible stigma. Human Resource Management, 54(2), 345-366.
Uppal, S. (2005). Disability, workplace characteristics and job satisfaction. International Journal of Manpower, 26(4), 336-349.
Vargo, M. (1998). Acts of disclosure: The coming-out process of contemporary gay men. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press.
Waldo, C. R. (1999). Working in a majority context: A structural model of heterosexism as minority stress in the workplace. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 46(2), 218-232.
Wang, Y. G., (1999). Gender and relationship (volume 2): Gender and culture, reappears. Taipei: Psychological. [text in Chinese性屬關係 (下): 性別與文化, 再現]
Warren, C. A. (2003). Sex and gender in the 1970s. Qualitative Sociology, 26(4), 499-513.
Weiss, D. J., Dawis, R. V., & England, G. W. (1967). Manual for the Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Industrial Relations Center, University of Minnesota.
Winfeld, L., & Spielman, S. (2001). Straight talk about gays in the workplace. New York, NY: Harrington Park Press.
Wong, C. Y., & Tang, C. S. K. (2003). Personality, psychosocial variables, and life satisfaction of Chinese gay men in Hong Kong. Journal of Happiness Studies, 4(3), 285-293.
Wong, C. Y., & Tang, C. S. K. (2004). Coming out experiences and psychological distress of Chinese homosexual men in Hong Kong. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 33(2), 149-157.
Zera, D. (1992). Coming of age in a heterosexist world: The development of gay and lesbian adolescents. Adolescence, 27(108), 849.