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研究生: 陳宏盈
論文名稱: 手持重物立定跳遠之運動生物力學分析
Biomechanic Analysis of Standing Long Jump with Extra Weights
指導教授: 黃長福
Huang, Chen-Fu
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 體育學系
Department of Physical Education
論文出版年: 2004
畢業學年度: 92
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 68
中文關鍵詞: 立定跳遠運動生物力學
英文關鍵詞: Standing long jump, Biomechanics
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:255下載:7
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  • Minetti and Ardigo (2002) 的模擬研究指出,手持適當負重可以提高立定跳遠的水平跳躍距離,但研究中缺乏實際的人體測試。本研究以人體手持重物進行立定跳遠動作,目的為(一)了解手持重物對立定跳遠成績的影響,(二)探討手持重物,立定跳遠運動學參數與力學要素的變化,(三)觀察手持重物,立定跳遠下肢淨關節肌肉力矩、功率與下肢肌群肌電訊號的變化。12位有規律訓練之男性田徑選手參與本實驗。實驗要求受試者雙手持重物,執行最大努力之立定跳遠。本實驗將重物的重量分為四個層級,即無負重、低負重 (2kg, 4kg)、高負重 (6kg, 8kg) 與超負重 (10kg),而每位受試者僅隨機分配低負重與高負重中的一種重量,但每位受試者皆須完成各負載層級的跳躍。利用一塊Kistler測力板 (1250Hz)、一台Redlake高速攝影機 (125Hz) 和Biovision肌電圖儀器 (1250Hz) 等,進行各項參數的收集,並利用動力學逆過程的方法探討下肢各關節的力學參數,本實驗僅選取每位受試者各負載層級之最佳試跳進行分析。本研究發現手持適當重量,可提高立定跳遠的水平距離。手持重物擺動有助於下肢往後推蹬地面,產生更多的水平衝量,且踝、膝關節的肌肉力矩會有變大的現象。手持重物立定跳遠在向心期會對下肢肌群產生較強的刺激,且在單位時間內募集更多運動單位參與推蹬動作,其中小腿伸踝肌群受重物影響的幅度較於大腿伸膝肌群大。

    Minetti and Ardigo (2002) used the computer simulation technique to find that subjects with extra weights would gain better standing long jump performances, however, their research did not use human subjects to perform standing long jumps. The purpose of this study was to investigate (1) the effects of extra weights on standing long jump performance (2) the differences of ground reaction forces while subjects grip extra weights (3) the effects of extra weights in joint moment, power and EMG data of the lower limbs.
    Twelve elite track and field players served as subjects in the study, and each subject was asked to grip weights when performing maximal standing long jump. In the study, the weights were defined as four loading levels: no weight, low weight (2kg, 4kg), high weight (6kg, 8kg), and super high weight (10kg). Each subject was assigned randomly only one weight of low high and high weight. Each subject need to finish each loading level. A Redlake high-speed camera (125Hz), a Kistler force platform (1250Hz), and the Biovision EMG system (1250 Hz) were used to collect the kinematic and kinetic data of jumping performance. All equipments were synchronized. The best jumps for each subject were selected for analysis. Four best jumps (one unloaded and three loaded trials) for each subject were selected for analysis.
    We concluded that extra weights could improve standing jump performance. In the study, the most optimal extra weight for extending standing jump distance is 0.0625 BW. It is concluded that optimal extra weights can increase the horizontal propulsive time during standing long jump, which also produce a greater horizontal impulse. The knee and ankle moments during jumping increase with extra weights. In additional, greater EMG activities are observed on lower extremity muscles. The ankle extensors have greater EMG activity amplitude than the knee extensors.

    目 次 第壹章、緒論 一、前言 二、問題背景 三、研究目的 四、研究範圍 五、研究限制 六、名詞解釋與操作性定義 第貳章、文獻探討 一、垂直跳相關研究 二、立定跳遠相關研究 三、動力學逆過程與肌電訊號相關研究 四、文獻總結 第參章、研究方法與步驟 一、研究對象 二、實驗時間與地點 三、實驗儀器設備 四、實驗場地佈置 五、實驗說明與流程 六、資料收集 七、資料處理 第肆章、結果 一、重物對立定跳遠水平跳躍距離之影響 二、重物對運動學參數之影響 三、重物對動力學參數之影響 四、兩質點的相對運動 五、重物對下肢髖、膝、凈關節力矩與功率之影響 六、重物對下肢肌群肌電訊號之影響 第伍章、討論 一、負重影響立定跳遠運動表現 二、手持重物跳躍兩質心的相對運動 三、負重對下肢關節與肌群的影響 第陸章、結論與建議 一、結論 二、建議 參考文獻 一、中文部分 二、英文部分 附錄一 受試者同意書 附錄二 受試者詳細基本資料 附錄三 手持重物立定跳遠之重要參數 附錄四 變異數分析摘要表

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