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研究生：	黃凱莉 Avis Kai-Li Huang
論文名稱：	Person-Environment Fit and Its Affective Outcomes-NPO Participants in Taiwan as An Example Person-Environment Fit and Its Affective Outcomes-NPO Participants in Taiwan as An Example
指導教授：	賴志樫 Lai, Chin-Chien
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	國際人力資源發展研究所 Graduate Institute of International Human Resource Developmemt
論文出版年：	2010
畢業學年度：	98
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	131
中文關鍵詞：	個人與組織配適、個人與工作配適、個人與職業配適、個人與團隊配適、個人與個人配適
英文關鍵詞：	person-organization fit, person-job fit, person-vocation fit, person-group fit, person-person fit
論文種類：	學術論文
相關次數：	點閱：336 下載：0
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As non-profit organizations (NPOs) are constructed base on the integration of people and conceptions, and the participants of NPOs are not bounded to their organizations for economical reasons, there exists a difficulty in motivating workers to increase their operation effectiveness by compensation or performance appraisal systems, hence understanding the relationships between person and environment and their impact on affective outcomes in the workplace are often used as the solution for the assistance in increasing NPOs’ effectiveness.

However, through the literature reviewed, the researcher found little studies discussed person-environment (P-E) fit in the context of NPOs, and in the limited studies found regarding P-E issues on NPOs had discussed mainly on the outcomes of person-organization (P-O) fit, person-vocation (P-V) fit, and person-job (P-J) fit, little dwelled upon person-group (P-G) fit and person-person (P-P) fit which are relatively blur areas that are less discussed but worth deeper exploration.

The study set its research samples as NPO participants including both volunteers and employees in Taiwan, and established the research framework based on Jansen and Kristof-Brown’s (2006) research covering the foregoing five dimensions of fit, expatiated on the impact of diverse dimensions of P-E fit on affective outcomes by conducting quantitative approach. Research results of this study which can serve as important references to NPOs and their human resource professionals as well as recommendations for future research are provided.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACTV     I
TABLE OF CONTENTS     III
LIST OF TABLES     V
LIST OF FIGURES     IX

CHAPTER I.INTRODUCTION     1
Background of the Study     1
Significance of the Study     3
Purposes of the Study     5
Questions of the Study     6
Delimitations      6
Conceptual Definition of Terms     7

CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW     11
The Meaning of NPOs     11
Definition of Volunteering and Volunteerism     16
Connotation of P-E Fit     16
Connotation of Affective Outcomes     28

CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY     35
Research Framework     35
Research Procedure     36
Research Sample     40
Instrument Development     41
Reliability of Pilot Test     54
Data Collection     56
Data Analyses     56

CHAPTER IV. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION     59
Descriptive Statistics     59
Reliability and Validity     82
SEM Analysis of the P-E Fit and Affective Outcomes Model     91
Correlations     94
Discussions     97

CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS     101
Chapter Overview     101
Conclusions     101
Limitations     105
Recommendations     107

REFERENCES     111
APPENDIX A. QUESTIONNAIRE OF THE STUDY (Chinese Version)     123
APPENDIX B. QUESTIONNAIRE OF THE STUDY (English Version)     129

LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1. Definitions of P-E Fit     17
Table 2.2. Dimensions of P-E Fit     21
Table 2.3. Definitions of P-E Fit Dimensions     27
Table 2.4. Effects of P-E Fit Dimensions     27
Table 3.1. Foundations Participated in the Study     40
Table 3.2. List of Professional and Academic Experts     42
Table 3.3. Coding System of Demographic Characteristics in SPSS     43
Table 3.4. Sources of the Instruments (P-E Fit     45
Table 3.5. Coding System of P-E fit Dimensions in SPSS     45
Table 3.6. Items of P-O Fit     46
Table 3.7. Items of P-J Fit     47
Table 3.8. Items of P-V Fit     47
Table 3.9. Items of P-G Fit     48
Table 3.10. Items of P-P Fit     49
Table 3.11. Sources of the Instrument(Affective Outcomes).50
Table 3.12. Coding System of Affective Outcomes Dimensions in SPSS     51
Table 3.13. Items of Job Satisfaction     52
Table 3.14. Items of Organizational and Occupational Commitment     53
Table 3.15. Items of Intention to Leave     54
Table 3.16. Criteria of Cronbach’s Alpha Values     55
Table 3.17. Reliability of the Pilot Test Instrument(N=48)     55
Table 4.1. Frequency and Percentage of the Overall Samples (N=243)     60
Table 4.2. Independent Sample t-test of Occupation Status on P-E Fit and Its Dimensions (N=243)     62
Table 4.3. Independent Sample t-test of Occupation Status on Affective Outcomes and Its Dimensions  (N=243     63
Table 4.4. Independent Sample t-test of Gender on P-E Fit and Its Dimensions (N=243)      64
Table 4.5. Independent Sample t-test of Gender on Affective Outcomes and Its Dimension (N=243)      65
Table 4.6. Independent Sample t-test of Foundation Types on P-E Fit and Its Dimension (N=243)66
Table 4.7. Independent Sample t-test of Foundation Types on Affective Outcomes and Its Dimension (N=243)      66
Table 4.8. Summary of Significant Differences of Demographic Characteristics on the Variables (Occupation Status, Gender, and Foundation    Types)      67
Table 4.9. One-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc of Age on P-E Fit Dimensions (N=243)      69
Table 4.10. One-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc of Age on Affective Outcomes and Its Dimensions (N=243)      71
Table 4.11. One-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc of Education Background on P-E Fit and Its Dimensions(N=243)      72
Table 4.12. One-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc of Education Background on Affective Outcomes and Its Dimensions (N=243)74
Table 4.13. One-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc of Marital Status on P-E Fit and Its Dimensions (N=243)      75
Table 4.14. One-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc of Marital Status on Affective Outcomes and Its Dimensions (N=243)      77
Table 4.15. One-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc of Seniority on P-E Fit and Its Dimensions (N=243)      78
Table 4.16. One-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc of Seniority on Affective Outcomes and Its Dimensions (N=243)      80
Table 4.17. Summary of Significant Differences of Demographic Characteristics on the Variables (Age, Education Background, Marital Status, and Seniority)      81
Table 4.18. Reliability of the Formal Test Instrument      83
Table 4.19. Summary of Factor Loading Values (First-order CFA)      86
Table 4.20. Summary of Factor Loading Values (Second-order CFA)      89
Table 4.21. The Comparison of Original and New Reliability      90
Table 4.22. Result of Instrument Model Fitness      94
Table 4.23. Correlation Matrix of All Variables (All Samples, N=243)      96


LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1. The definitions of NPOs      14
Figure 2.2. Relationships among affective outcomes      32
Figure 3.1. Conceptual framework of the study      36
Figure 3.2. Research procedure      39
Figure 4.1. Instrument structure      84
Figure 4.2. Result of first-order CFA      85
Figure 4.3. First-order CFA after item reduction      87
Figure 4.4. Result of second-order CFA (P-E fit)      88
Figure 4.5. Result of second-order CFA (affective outcomes)      89
Figure 4.6. The construction of a SEM      91
Figure 4.7. The structural model of the instrument      93
Figure 4.8. Correlations among all variables      95
                                

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