研究生: |
陳珮萱 Chen, Pei-Xuan |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
民眾對基因改造生物議題的理解及其與永續發展目標的關聯 The public's understanding of the genetically modified organisms and their connections with the sustainable development goals |
指導教授: |
葉欣誠
Yeh, Shin-Cheng |
口試委員: |
劉湘瑤
Liu, Shiang-Yao 張育森 Chang, Yu-Sen |
口試日期: | 2021/06/24 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
環境教育研究所 Graduate Institute of Environmental Education |
論文出版年: | 2021 |
畢業學年度: | 109 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 165 |
中文關鍵詞: | 基因改造生物 、永續發展 、永續發展目標 |
英文關鍵詞: | genetically modified organisms, sustainable development, sustainable development goals |
研究方法: | 半結構式訪談法 、 問卷調查法 |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202101193 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:206 下載:15 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
科技的發展與創新占據人類社會進步中重要的一席之地,而在生命科學中,生物的遺傳物質一直是熱門的科學議題,隨著時間發展與技術成熟,以基因工程為基礎的基因改造生物誕生,相關技術成熟發展,不同功能的GMO相繼開發與應用,引起相關議題討論。GMO議題同時具有爭議性以及複雜性兩項特色,漸漸成為長期存在的社會性科學議題。目前,GMO已在農業、醫療、食品等三種等領域廣泛應用,具有跨領域特色,人們也逐漸發現,GMO從一開始的環境問題,逐漸擴及到社會與經濟層面,為永續發展帶來全面性的影響。在2015年,聯合國永續發展目標公布,為世界朝向永續的未來提供具體目標,GMO作為為永續發展帶來重大影響的議題,亦可以SDGs為框架,以科學的角度分析民眾認為GMO為SDGs帶來的影響。
本研究以問卷調查的方式探討民眾對基因改造生物的看法、民眾為購買到非基因改造產品之願付價格,與民眾認為基因改造生物與永續發展目標之間的關聯,並計算民眾為了避免購買到GMO產品,以及可以購買有機產品的願付價格比例,最後以訪談的方式,深入了解不同利害關係人對GMO的真實看法。問卷分析的結果發現,民眾對GMO的看法會受到知識、態度、行動以及部分人口學變項影響,女性對GMO的態度較男性負面,大學主修為生命科學領域的民眾對GMO有較高的正面觀感,年齡越小的民眾對GMO的態度越正面,但居住在鄉村或是都市並不影響民眾對GMO的態度。而在SDGs的結果分析中發現,民眾普遍對GMO抱持正面觀感,其中,民眾認為GMO對SDG 2消除飢餓、SDG 1消除貧窮、SDG 9產業創新與基礎設施最具有正面影響,而SDG 15路與生命、SDG 14水下生命、SDG 12負責任的消費與生產則最會帶來負面影響;在調查民眾為購買到非基改產品願付價格發現,願意額外付出的金額普遍偏集中在1%~30%,加權計算後得到民眾平均願意額外付出25.4%購買非GMO產品,以及額外付出30.12%的價格購買有機產品,相較於非GMO產品,民眾更在意有機產品的價值。
最後,本研究以訪談法來詢問不同利害關係人對GMO的看法,生命科學領域的受訪者對GMO抱有正面觀感,環保團體的受訪者則相反,農業從業人員認為,在減少一般農民種植的成本下,農民會使用GMO作物,儘管不同領域的利害關係人對GMO有不同的看法,但皆認同GMO會對永續發展帶來重大影響。
The development and innovation of science and technology occupy an important place in the progress of human society. In the life sciences, the genetic material of organisms has always been a hot scientific topic. With the development of time and the maturity of technology, genetically modified organisms based on genetic engineering were born. Related technologies have matured and developed, and GMOs with different functions have been developed and applied one after another, causing discussions on related topics. GMO issues are controversial and complex and is a long-standing social science issue. At present, GMO has been widely used in agriculture, medical treatment, food and other fields, with cross-domain characteristics, and people have gradually discovered that the environmental problems of GMO from the beginning have gradually expanded to the social and economic levels. In 2015, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals were announced, providing specific goals for the world to move towards a sustainable future. GMO as a topic that has a significant impact on sustainable development, can use SDGs frame Analyze the public’s perception of the impact of GMO on SDGs. This study uses a questionnaire survey to explore the public’s views on genetically modified organisms, the price paid by the public for non-genetically modified products, and the public’s perception of the relationship between genetically modified organisms and sustainable development goals. Calculation willingness to pay (WTP) for the purchase of GMO products. Finally, through interviews, we have an in-depth understanding of the true views of different stakeholders on GMO.
The results of the questionnaire analysis found that people’s perceptions of GMO are affected by knowledge, attitudes, actions and some personal background variables. Women’s attitudes towards GMO are negative compared to men. People who majored in life sciences at university have a higher attitude towards GMO. The younger the public, the more positive the attitude towards GMO. Living in a rural or urban area does not affect people’s attitude towards GMO. In the analysis of SDGs results, people mostly hold a positive view of GMO. From the analysis of the public’s perception of the impact of GMO on the goal of sustainable development, it is found that the public generally hold a positive view of GMO. Among them, the public believes that GMO has the most positive impact on SDG 2, SDG 1, SDG 9. Believes that GMO has the most negative impacts SDG 15, SDG 14, and SDG 12.
We analyzed the surveyed people are willing to pay for the purchase of non-GMO products, it is found that the amount of additional payment is generally low, people are willing to pay the price for purchasing non-genetically modified products between 1% and 30%.After Weighted calculation, the public is average willing to pay an extra 25.4% for non-GMO products and an extra 30.12% for organic products.
Finally, this study uses interviews to ask different stakeholders about their views on GMO. Those in the field of life sciences have a positive view of GMO, while the alternatives of environmental groups are on the contrary. The agricultural practitioners believe that they are reducing the amount of farmers planting. Under the cost, farmers will use GMO crops. Although stakeholders in different fields have different views on GMO, they all agree with GMO and sustainable development will bring a significant impact.
Agostini, M. G., Roesler, I., Bonetto, C., Ronco, A. E., & Bilenca, D. (2020). Pesticides in the real world:The consequences of GMO-based intensive agriculture on native amphibians. Biological Conservation, 241, 108355.
American Cancer Society, 2019, Known and Probable Human Carcinogens, from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-causes/general-info/known-and-probable-human-carcinogens.html
Arruda, P. (2012). Genetically modified sugarcane for bioenergy generation. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 23(3), 315-322.
Asche, F. (2008). Farming the sea. Marine Resource Economics, 23(4), 527-547.
AquaBounty Technologies, Inc., “Environmental Assessment for AquAdvantage Salmon” (AquaBounty Technologies, Waltham, MA, 2010).
Bredahl, L. (2001). Determinants of consumer attitudes and purchase intentions with regard to genetically modified food–results of a cross-national survey. Journal of consumer policy, 24(1), 23-61.
Brookes, G., & Barfoot, P. (2018). Environmental impacts of genetically modified (GM) crop use 1996-2016:Impacts on pesticide use and carbon emissions. GM crops & food, 9(3), 109-139.
Bunge, J. (2016). Behind the Monsanto Deal, Doubts about the GMO Revolution. Wall Street Journal.
Bonny, S. (2003). Why are most Europeans opposed to GMOs?: Factors explaining rejection in France and Europe. Electronic journal of biotechnology, 6(1), 7-8.
Chang, T. C. (2019). Curriculum Development for the Issue of Environmental Education in the 12-year Basic Education: Using the Theme of Sustainable Development as an Example. Xuexiao Xingzheng Shuangyuekan, School Administrators, (123), 54-67.
Chern, W. D., & Rickertsen, K. (2004). A Comparative Analysis of Consumer Acceptance of GM Foods in Norway and in the USA. Consumer acceptance of genetically modified foods, 95.
Cohen, S. N., & Chang, A. C. (1973). Recircularization and autonomous replication of a sheared R-factor DNA segment in Escherichia coli transformants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 70(5), 1293-1297.
Costa-Font, M., Gil, J. M., Traill, W. B. (2008). Consumer acceptance, valuation of and attitudes towards genetically modified food: Review and implications for food policy. Food policy, 33(2), 99-111.
Directive 2001/18/EC – EUR-Lex – Europa EU, 2018, from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32001L0018
Dunlap, R. E., Van Liere, K. D., Mertig, A. G., & Jones, R. E. (2000). New trends in measuring environmental attitudes: measuring endorsement of the new ecological paradigm: a revised NEP scale. Journal of social issues, 56(3), 425-442.
European Food Safety Authority, 2019, Food safety in the EU, Retrieved from https://www.efsa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/corporate_publications/files/Eurobarometer2019_Food-safety-in-the-EU_Full-report.pdf
Federal Register., 2018, National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard., from https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/12/21/2018-27283/national-bioengineered-food-disclosure-standard
Fernández Ríos, D., Rubinstein, C., & Vicién, C. (2018). Capacities for the risk assessment of GMOs: challenges to build sustainable systems. Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 6, 40.
Food and Drug Administration (2017), AquAdvantage Salmon Approval Letter and Appendix, from: fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animals-intentional-genomic-alterations/aquadvantage-salmon-approval-letter-and-appendix
Fuganti-Pagliarini, R., Ferreira, L. C., Rodrigues, F. A., Molinari, H. B., Marin, S. R., Molinari, M. D., ... & Neumaier, N. (2017). Characterization of soybean genetically modified for drought tolerance in field conditions. Frontiers in plant science, 8, 448.
Galata, L., Karantininis, K., & Hess, S. (2014). Cross-Atlantic differences in biotechnology and GMOs: A media content analysis. In Agricultural cooperative management and policy (pp. 299-314). Springer, Cham.
Gaskell, G., Bauer, M. W., Durant, J., & Allum, N. C. (1999). Worlds apart? The reception of genetically modified foods in Europe and the US. Science, 285(5426), 384-387. Martha Augoustinos, Shona Crabb and Richard Shepherd. 2010.
Gaskell, G., Allum, N., Wagner, W., Kronberger, N., Torgersen, H., Hampel, J., & Bardes, J. (2004). GM foods and the misperception of risk perception. Risk Analysis: An International Journal, 24(1), 185-194.
Gayeski, N. J., Stanford, J. A., Montgomery, D. R., Lichatowich, J., Peterman, R. M., & Williams, R. N. (2018). The Failure of Wild Salmon Management: Need for a Place‐Based Conceptual Foundation. Fisheries, 43(7), 303-309.
Gillam, C. (2017). Whitewash: The Story of a Weed Killer, Cancer, and the Corruption of Science. Island Press.
Goeddel, D. V., Kleid, D. G., Bolivar, F., Heyneker, H. L., Yansura, D. G., Crea, R., ... & Riggs, A. D. (1979). Expression in Escherichia coli of chemically synthesized genes for human insulin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 76(1), 106-110.
Hall, M. A., & Wright, R. F. (2008). Systematic content analysis of judicial opinions. Calif. L. Rev., 96, 63.
Hilbeck, A., Binimelis, R., Defarge, N., Steinbrecher, R., Székács, A., Wickson, F., ... & Novotny, E. (2015). No scientific consensus on GMO safety. Environmental Sciences Europe, 27(1), 4.
Hu, H. W., He, J. Z., & Singh, B. K. (2017). Harnessing microbiome‐based biotechnologies for sustainable mitigation of nitrous oxide emissions.
Imperatives, S. (1987). Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our common future. Accessed Feb, 10.
ISAAA. (2018). Pocket K No.16 Biotech Crop Highlights in 2017. Manila: International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA).
Izard, C. E., Libero, D. Z., Putnam, P., & Haynes, O. M. (1993). Stability of emotion experiences and their relations to traits of personality. Journal of personality and social psychology, 64(5), 847.
Jackson, D. A., Symons, R. H., & Berg, P. (1972). Biochemical method for inserting new genetic information into DNA of Simian Virus 40: circular SV40 DNA molecules containing lambda phage genes and the galactose operon of Escherichia coli. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 69(10), 2904-2909.
Jaenisch, R., & Mintz, B. (1974). Simian virus 40 DNA sequences in DNA of healthy adult mice derived from preimplantation blastocysts injected with viral DNA. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 71(4), 1250-1254.
Kaneko, N., & Chern, W. S. (2005). Willingness to pay for genetically modified oil, cornflakes, and salmon: evidence from a US telephone survey. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, 37(3), 701-719.
Krimsky, S. (2015). An illusory consensus behind GMO health assessment. Science, Technology, & Human Values, 40(6), 883-914.
Krippendorff, K. (2014). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage publications.
Kolodinsky, J., DeSisto, T. P., & Narsana, R. (2004). Influences of question wording on levels of support for genetically modified organisms. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 28(2), 154-167.
Laros, F. J., & Steenkamp, J. B. E. (2004). Importance of fear in the case of genetically modified food. Psychology & Marketing, 21(11), 889-908.
Le Blanc, D. (2015). Towards integration at last? The sustainable development goals as a network of targets. Sustainable Development, 23(3), 176-187.
Leonelli, G. C. (2018). GMO risks, food security, climate change and the entrenchment of neo-liberal legal narratives. Transnational Legal Theory, 9(3-4), 302-315.
Linnhoff, S., Volovich, E., Martin, H. M., & Smith, L. M. (2017). An examination of millennials’ attitudes toward genetically modified organism (GMO) foods: is it Franken-food or super-food?. International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology, 13(4), 371-390.
Lusk, J. L., House, L. O., Valli, C., Jaeger, S. R., Moore, M., Morrow, J. L., & Traill, W. B. (2004). Effect of information about benefits of biotechnology on consumer acceptance of genetically modified food: evidence from experimental auctions in the United States, England, and France. European review of agricultural economics, 31(2), 179-204.
Maeseele, P. A., & Schuurman, D. (2008). Biotechnology and the popular press in Northern Belgium: a case study of hegemonic media discourses and the interpretive struggle. Science Communication, 29(4), 435-471.
Moon, W., & Balasubramanian, S. K. (2003). Willingness to Pay for Non‐biotech Foods in the US and UK. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 37(2), 317-339.
Napier, T. L., Tucker, M., Henry, C., & Whaley, S. R. (2004). Consumer attitudes toward GMOs: the Ohio experience. Journal of Food Science, 69(3), CRH69-CRH76.
Nerini, F. F., Tomei, J., To, L. S., Bisaga, I., Parikh, P., Black, M., ... & Milligan, B. (2018). Mapping synergies and trade-offs between energy and the Sustainable Development Goals. Nature Energy, 3(1), 10-15.
Paarlberg, R. L. (2001). The politics of precaution: Genetically modified crops in developing countries. Intl Food Policy Res Inst.
Palmieri, N., Simeone, M., Russo, C., & Perito, M. A. (2020). Profiling Young Consumers’ Perceptions of GMO Products: A Case Study on Italian Undergraduate Students. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 100224.
Paine, J. A., Shipton, C. A., Chaggar, S., Howells, R. M., Kennedy, M. J., Vernon, G., ... & Drake, R. (2005). Improving the nutritional value of Golden Rice through increased pro-vitamin A content. Nature biotechnology, 23(4), 482.
Popek, S., & Halagarda, M. (2017). Genetically modified foods: Consumer awareness, opinions and attitudes in selected EU countries. International journal of consumer studies, 41(3), 325-332.
Qaim, M., & Kouser, S. (2013). Genetically modified crops and food security. PloS one, 8(6), e64879.
Qaim, M. (2020). Role of new plant breeding technologies for food security and sustainable agricultural development. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 42(2), 129-150.
Rizzo, G., Borrello, M., Dara Guccione, G., Schifani, G., & Cembalo, L. (2020). Organic food consumption: The relevance of the health attribute. Sustainability, 12(2), 595.
Rosendal, G. K., & Myhr, A. I. (2009). GMO assessment in Norway: Societal utility and sustainable development. EMBO reports, 10(9), 939-940.
Sadler, T. D. (2004). Informal reasoning regarding socioscientific issues: A critical review of research. Journal of Research in Science Teaching: The Official Journal of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, 41(5), 513-536.
Sandler, R., & Kay, W. D. (2006). The GMO-nanotech (dis) analogy?. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 26(1), 57-62.
Schermer, M., & Hoppichler, J. (2004). GMO and sustainable development in less favoured regions—the need for alternative paths of development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 12(5), 479-489.
Scott, S. E., Inbar, Y., Wirz, C. D., Brossard, D., & Rozin, P. (2018). An overview of attitudes toward genetically engineered food. Annual Review of Nutrition.
Siegrist, M. (2003). Perception of gene technology, and food risks: results of a survey in Switzerland. Journal of Risk Research, 6(1), 45-60.
Siegrist, M. (2000). The influence of trust and perceptions of risks and benefits on the acceptance of gene technology. Risk analysis, 20(2), 195-204
Sjöberg, L. (2008). Genetically modified food in the eyes of the public and experts. Risk Management, 10(3), 168-193.
Smith, M. D., Roheim, C. A., Crowder, L. B., Halpern, B. S., Turnipseed, M., Anderson, J. L., ... & Selkoe, K. A. (2010). Sustainability and global seafood. Science, 327(5967), 784-786.
Stanley, J., Hutchinson, K., Godwin, I., Gregg, P., Jessop, R., Katz, M., ... & Thompson, D. (2006). Biotechnology (GMO) issues and research priorities in natural resource management. Land & Water Australia, Canberra, Australia.
STEWART, P.A. and MCLEAN, W.P. (2005). Public opinion toward the first, second, and third generations of plant biotechnology. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, vol. 41, no. 6, p. 718-724
Sorgo, A., Jausovec, N., Jausovec, K., & Puhek, M. (2012). The influence of intelligence and emotions on the acceptability of genetically modified organisms. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 15(1), 1-1.
Spendrup, S., Eriksson, D., & Fernqvist, F. (2021). Swedish consumers´ attitudes and values to genetic modification and conventional plant breeding–The case of fruit and vegetables. GM Crops & Food, 12(1), 342-360.
Suzanne Goldenberg(2013), US Department of Agriculture probes Oregon Monsanto GM wheat mystery, The Guardian, From https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/jun/22/agriculture-oregon-monsanto-gm-wheat
TAROS, F.J.M. and STEENKAMP, J.E.M. (2004). Importance of fear in the case of genetically modified food. Psychology and Marketing, vol. 21, no. 11, p. 889-908.
Tavakol, M., & Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. International journal of medical education, 2, 53.
Teng, P. P. (2008). An Asian perspective on GMO and biotechnology issues. Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition, 17.
Tepfer, M., Racovita, M., & Craig, W. (2013). Putting problem formulation at the forefront of GMO risk analysis. GM crops & food, 4(1), 10-15.
Tesfahun, W. (2018). RETRACTED ARTICLE: Climate change mitigation and adaptation through biotechnology approaches: A review. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 4(1), 1512837.
United Nations. The Sustainable Development Goals Report, 2019. Geneva: UN 2 019.
Ureña, F., Bernabéu, R., & Olmeda, M. (2008). Women, men and organic food: differences in their attitudes and willingness to pay. A Spanish case study. international Journal of consumer Studies, 32(1), 18-26.
Watson, J. D., & Crick, F. (1953). A structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid.
Wesseler, J., & Purnhagen, K. (2020). Is the Covid‐19 Pandemic a Game Changer in GMO Regulation?. EuroChoices, 19(3), 49-52.
Wilen, J. E. (2006). Why fisheries management fails: treating symptoms rather than the cause. Bulletin of Marine Science, 78(3), 529-546.
World Health Organization. (2014). Frequently asked questions on genetically modified foods. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
Vinuesa, R., Azizpour, H., Leite, I., Balaam, M., Dignum, V., Domisch, S., ... & Nerini, F. F. (2020). The role of artificial intelligence in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Nature communications, 11(1), 1-10.
Yeh, S. C., Chiou, H. J., Wu, A. W., Lee, H. C., & Wu, H. C. (2019). Diverged preferences towards sustainable development goals? A comparison between academia and the communication industry. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(22), 4577.
YUNTA, E.R.; HERRERA, C.V.; MISSERONI, A.; MILLA, L.F.; OUTOMURO, D.; LEMUS, I.S.; LUES, M.F. and STEPKE, F.L. (2005). Attitudes towards genomic. Research in four Latin American countries. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 8, no. 3.
Zeidler, D. L., & Nichols, B. H. (2009). Socioscientific issues: Theory and practice. Journal of Elementary Science Education, 21(2), 49.
Zerbe, N. (2004). Feeding the famine? American food aid and the GMO debate in Southern Africa. Food Policy, 29(6), 593-608.
Zhang, M., & Liu, G. L. (2015). The effects of consumer’s subjective and objective knowledge on perceptions and attitude towards genetically modified foods: objective knowledge as a determinant. International journal of food science & technology, 50(5), 1198-1205.
Zilberman, D., Holland, T. G., & Trilnick, I. (2018). Agricultural GMOs—what we know and where scientists disagree. Sustainability, 10(5), 1514.
牛惠之. (2006). 從基因改造產品之特性論規範模式之建構-彈性與穩定性規範思維. 科技發展政策報導, 366-380
中華人民共合國農業農村部. (2017). 中華人民共和國農業部令 2017年 第8號, 擷取自 http://www.moa.gov.cn/nybgb/2017/201712/201802/t20180201_6136253.htm
王鴻濬. (1997). 非市場財貨的經濟評估論述-以戶外遊憩的自然環境爲例. 戶外遊憩研究, 10(4), 1-6.
石敏俊. (2004). 對中國大陸消費者非轉基因菜油支付意願的研究 (Doctoral dissertation).
白軍飛. (2003). 中國大陸城市消費者對轉基因食品的接受程度和購買意願的研究 (Doctoral dissertation).
李中一. (2004). 測量工具的效度與信度. 我國公共衛生雜誌, 23(4), 272-281.
李素華,2004,各國 GM 管理法規及比較~ 以美國, 歐盟, 德國, 加拿大及我國基改食品為中心.”
余祁暐. (2011). 淺談各國基因改造食品管理體系. 農業生技產業季刊, (27), 11-19
吳又茗. (2017). 基改世代: 基因改造的發展, 爭議與規範. 國立臺灣大學出版中心.
吳麗珍, 黃惠滿, & 李浩銑. (2014). 方便取樣和立意取樣之比較. 護理雜誌, 61(3), 105-111.
沈暉. (2010). 三角校正法的意義及其在社會研究中的應用. 華中師範大學學報 (人文社會科學版), 4.
呂瑞汝. (2016). 基因改造食品新聞文本內容分析之研究(碩士論文). 擷取自 https://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgibin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/ccd=uqTdsS/record?r1=1&h1=0
林金定, 嚴嘉楓, & 陳美花. (2005). 質性研究方法: 訪談模式與實施步驟分析. 身心障礙研究季刊, 3(2), 122-136.
食品安全衛生管理法。(2019)。擷取自 全國法規資料庫: https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=L0040001
侯守禮, 王威, & 顧海英. (2004). 消費者對轉基因食品的意願支付: 來自上海的經驗證據. 農業技術經濟, 4(2), 9.
侯新龍. (2007). 基因改造作物的發展現況及爭議. 教師之友, 48(4), 5-9.
姜萍. (2010). 傳媒視角下科學家, 媒體, 公眾與轉基因技術關係研究的討論. 華中農業大學學報 (社會科學版), 2010(6), 20-24.
馬雲海。(2013)。傳統與現代植物育種方法的優缺點,分子育種的進展。擷取自 百度文庫 https://wenku.baidu.com/view/99074a12580216fc700afdaa.html
翁蘇偉, & 邱鴻峰. (2016). 中國大陸主流媒體轉基因議題關注週期與報導框架. 浙江傳媒學院學報, 23(4), 98-104.
混合型基因改造食品安全性評估原則。(2010)。擷取自 衛生福利部食品藥物管理署: https://www.fda.gov.tw/tc/siteContent.aspx?sid=1753
基因重組實驗守則。(2015)。擷取自 生命科學研究發展司: https://www.most.gov.tw/bio/ch/detail?article_uid=42fbce09-0748-40f8-885a-538c7dd38416&menu_id=0fa168d4-1dee-42f2-9f08-6b20c4300eb1&l=ch
高美玲, & 葉美玲. (1999). 結構方程模式的應用-驗證性因素分析. 護理研究, 7(6), 594-605.
莊謹綺. (2004). 基因改造食品之消費者偏好與風險願付價值分析.
陳映君(2017)。科學新聞中的框架與論證–以基改新聞為例(未出版之碩士論文)。國立台中教育大學,台中市。 81頁
陳映均, & 李松濤. (2017). 社會性科學議題新聞的框架分析-以基因改造新聞為例. 科學教育學刊, 25(S), 439-462.
陳桂榮. (2005). 公眾對轉基因食品的瞭解和接受程度——對昆明市消費者的調查與分析 (Doctoral dissertation).
黃三光, & 曾經洲. (2001). 基因改造作物的優勢與潛藏危機. 藥毒所專題報導, (63), 1-11.
黃湘萍, 趙莉芬, 王瑜欣, 劉英妹, 倪麗芬, & 簡淑慧. (2017). 建構及檢測護理客觀結構式臨床技能測驗考題之信效度, 鑑別度及難易度. 護理雜誌, 64(6), 67-76.
黃程煜. (2018). 我國民眾對環境荷爾蒙之理解與避險之願付價格研究. 臺灣師範大學環境教育研究所學位論文, 1-116.
黃姵嫙(2018)。綠色招募活動對組織人才吸引力之影響:以個人組織配適知覺為中介變數與個人環保態度為干擾變數(未出版之碩士論文)。東海大學,台中市。
進出境轉基因產品檢驗檢疫管理辦法。(2018) 擷取自 食品法規中心: http://law.foodmate.net/show-1648.html
陸雲(1990),環境資源估價之研究-非市場估價方法,中央研究院經濟研究所經濟論文,第18卷,第1期,頁93~135。
傅祖壇, 盧淑芫, & 黃美瑛. (2013). 我國民眾對基因改造產品之接受度: 一般化行為模式之提出及驗證. 調查研究-方法與應用, (30), 97-127.
楊永存, 楊小柯, 楊冬燕, 蔣麗娟, 牟謹, 李錦, & 鄧平建. (2007). 深圳居民轉基因食品衛生安全認知狀況調查. 中國大陸公共衛生, 23(4), 488-489.
楊長苓. (2000). 質性研究工作坊系列一: 訪談法.
農業轉基因生物安全管理條例。(2001)。擷取自 中國大陸法院網: http://www.gov.cn/flfg/2005-08/06/content_21003.htm
農業轉基因生物安全評價管理辦法。(2017)。擷取自 中華人民共和國農業農村部: http://www.moa.gov.cn/ztzl/zjyqwgz/zcfg/201712/t20171227_6129154.htm
農業轉基因生物進口安全管理辦法。(2017)。擷取自 中華人民共和國農業農村部: http://www.moa.gov.cn/ztzl/zjyqwgz/zcfg/201007/t20100717_1601304.htm
萬文隆. (2004). 深度訪談在質性研究中的應用. 生活科技教育月刊, 三十七卷, (4), 17-23.
趙如涵, & 羅晨. (2016). 科技新聞報導中的共識製造: 轉基因議題的框架與話語分析. 新聞界, (11), 15-20.
蘇楠, & 吳貴生. (2011). 基於社會網路分析方法的我國創新系統演進研究 (Doctoral dissertation).