研究生: |
黃信軒 Huang, Hsin-Hsuan |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
4-氯苯乙烯之第一電子激發態暨離子態振動光譜研究 two-color resonant two-photon ionization and mass-analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy of 4-chlorostyrene |
指導教授: |
曾文碧
Tzeng, Wen-Bih 林振煌 Lin, Cheng-Huang |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
化學系 Department of Chemistry |
論文出版年: | 2016 |
畢業學年度: | 104 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 140 |
中文關鍵詞: | 4-氯苯乙烯 、質量解析臨界游離光譜術 、離子態光譜 |
英文關鍵詞: | 4-chlorostyrene, mass-analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy, ionization spectroscopy |
DOI URL: | https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202204580 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:116 下載:6 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
我們應用高解析度共振雙光子游離與質量解析臨界游離光譜術來記錄4-氯苯乙烯的第一電子激發態暨離子態光譜,精準地量測電子躍遷能(E1)和游離能(IE),以及這個分子的活化振動,用以討論分子特性。
由實驗測得4-氯苯乙烯的E1和絕熱IE分別為33977 2及67972 5 cm-1,由於目前的儀器解析度極限,35Cl與37Cl的4-氯苯乙烯同位素異構物具有相同的E1和絕熱IE。由於兩倍的第一電子躍遷能(E1)稍小絕熱IE,我們必須利用雙色共振雙光子游離技術才能測得正確的E1和第一電子激發態光譜。
比較4-氯苯乙烯與氯苯、苯乙烯及苯的實驗的數據,我們發現在絕熱游離能存在添加規則(additivity rule),也意味著4-氯苯乙烯分子內的乙烯和氯取代基之間的作用力是微弱的。此外,我們也利用從頭計算法(ab inito)及密度泛函理論計算與實驗結果對照,以利合理的解釋我們取得的實驗數據。
關鍵詞 : 4-氯苯乙烯, 質量解析臨界游離光譜術, 離子態光譜
We applied the resonant two-photon ionization and mass-analyzed threshold ionization techniques to record the vibronic and cation spectra of 4-chlorostyrene to get the precise S1 ← S0 excitation energy (E1), adiabatic ionization energy (IE) and vibrational frequency to investigate ther molecular properties. The band origins of E1 of 35Cl-4-Chlorostyrene and 37Cl-4-chlorostyrene both appear at 33977 ± 2 cm-1. The mass-analyzed threshold ionization (MATI) spectra give the IE of 67972 ± 5 cm-1 for both isotopologues. Because the E1 is smaller than one half of the IE, we used the two-color resonant two-photon ionization (2C-R2PI) technique to measured the E1 and the vibronic spectrum. Comparing the E1‘s and IEs of 4-chlorostyrene, chlorobenzene, and styrene we have found an additivity rule which implies weak interactions among the Cl and vinyl substituents. We have also performed the ab initio and density functional theory calculations which help us in spectral assignment and support our experimental findings.
Keyword : 4-chlorostyrene, mass-analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy, ionization spectroscopy
[1] M. Schmitt, U. Henrichs, H. Mulller, K. Kleinermanns, J. Chem. Phys. 103 (1995) 9918.
(Intermolecular vibrations of the phenol dimer revealed by spectral hole burning and dispersed fluorescence spectroscopy)
[2] R.J. Bouwens, J.A. Hammerschmidt, M.M. Grzeskowiak, T.A. Stegink, P.M. Yorba, W.F. Polik, J. Chem. Phys. 104 (1996) 460.
(Pure vibrational spectroscopy of S 0 formaldehyde by dispersed fluorescence)
[3] A.M. Ellis, E.S.J. Robles, T.A. Miller, Chem. Phys. Lett. 201 (1993) 132.
(Dispersed fluorescence spectroscopic study of the ground
electronic state of silver trimer)
[4] T.G. Dietz, M.A. Duncan, M.G. Liveman, R.E. Smalley, J. Chem. Phys. 73 (1980) 4816.
(Resonance enhanced two‐photon ionization studies in a supersonic
molecular beam: Bromobenzene and iodobenzene)
[5] B.C. Giordano, L. Jin, A.J. Couch, J.P. Ferance, J.P. Landers, Anal. Chem. 76 (2004) 4705.
(Microchip laser-induced fluorescence detection of proteins at
submicrogram per milliliter levels mediated by dynamic labeling
under pseudonative conditions)
[6] M. Takayanagi, D. Negishi, Y. Skurai, J. Phys. Chem. A 106 (2002) 7690.
(Torsional potential of methyl group in m-tolunitrile-H2O and
m-tolunitrile-N2O complexes studied by laser-induced
fluorescence and hole-burning spectroscopies)
[7] P.B. McKibbin, K. Otsuka, S. Terabe, Anal. Chem. 74 (2002) 3736.
(On-line focusing of flavin derivatives using dynamic pH junction-sweeping capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection)
[8] H. Wang, J. Xing, W. Tan, M. Lam, T. Carnelley, M. Weinfeld, X.C. Le, Anal. Chem. 74 (2002) 3714.
(Binding stoichiometry of DNA adducts with antibody studied by
capillary electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence)
[9] A. Nakajima, M. Hirano, R. Hasumi, K. Kaya, H. Watanabe, C.C. Carter, J.M. Williamson, T.A. Miller, J. Phys. Chem. A 101 (1997) 392.
(High-Resolution Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectra of
7-Azaindole−Water Complexes and 7-Azaindole Dimer)
[10] S.V. Rahavendran, H.T. Karnes, Anal. Chem. 68 (1996) 3763.
(Application of rhodamine 800 for reversed phase liquid
chromatographic detection using visible diode laser-Induced
fluorescence)
[11] D.E. Powers, J.B. Hopkins, R.E. Smally, J. Chem. Phys. 72 (1980) 5721.
(Vibrational relaxation in jet‐cooled p a r a‐alkylanilines)
[12] K. Watanabe, J. Chem. Phys. 22 (1954) 1564.
(Photoionization and total absorption cross section of gases. I.
ionization potentials of several molecules. cross sections of NH3
and NO)
[13] C. Nordling, E. Sokolowski, K. Siegbahn, Precision method for obtaining absolute values of atomic binding energies, Phys. Rev. 105 (1957) 1676-1677.
(Precision Method for Obtaining Absolute Values of Atomic Binding
Energies)
[14] S. HagstrӦm, C.Nordling, K.Siegbahn, Phys. Lett. 9 (1964) 235-236.
(Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis)
[15] D.W. Turner, M.I. Al Joboury, J. Chem. Phys. 37 (1962) 3007.
(Determination of Ionization Potentials by Photoelectron Energy
Measurement)
[16] G.C. King, A.J. Yencha, M.C.A. Lopes, J. Electron Spectrosc. 17 (1999) 37.
(Photo-double ionization of deuterium chloride studied by threshold
photoelectrons coincidence spectroscopy)
[17] K. Yosida, K. Suzuki, S. Ishiuchi, M. Sakai, M. Fujii, Caroline E. H. Dessent, K. Müller-Dethlefs Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys 4 (2002) 2534-2538.
(The PFI-ZEKE photoelectron spectrum of m-fluorophenol and its aqueous complexes: Comparing intermolecular vibrations in rotational isomers)
[18] K. Muller-Dethlefs, M. Sander, E.W. Schlag, Chem. Phys. Lett. 112 (1984) 291.
(Two-colour photoionization resonance spectroscopy of NO:
Complete separation of rotational levels of NO+ at the ionization
Threshold)
[19] L.A. Chewter, M. Sander, K. Muller-Dethlefs, E.W. Schlag, J. Chem. Phys. 86 (1987) 4737.
(High resolution zero kinetic energy photoelectron spectroscopy of benzene and determination of the ionization potential)
[20] E.W. Schlag, ZEKE Spectroscopy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, (1998).
[21] L. Zhu, P.M. Johnson, J. Chem. Phys. 94 (1991) 5769.
(Mass analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy)
[22] S. Ketkov, N. Isachenkov, E. Rychagova, W.B. Tzeng, Dalton Trans. 43 (2014) 17703-17711.
(Electronic excited states of chromium and vanadium bisarene complexes revisited: interpretation of the absorption spectra on the basis of TD-DFT calculations)
[23] S.Y. Ketkov, G.V. Markin, S.Y. Tzeng, W.B. Tzeng, Chem. Eur. J. 22 (2016) 4690-4694.
(Fine substituent effects in sandwich complexes: first threshold
ionization study of monosubstituted chromium bisarene compounds)
[24] J.L. Lin, W.B. Tzeng, Appl Spectrosc.57 (2003) 1178-1182.
(Identification of impurities in phenylacetylene by species-selected
mass-analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy)
[25] P.Y. Wu, S.Y. Tzeng, Y.C. Hsu, W.B. Tzeng, J. Mol. Spectrosc. (submitted for publication).
[26] P.Y. Wu, W.B. Tzeng, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 316 (2015) 72-78.
(Selected cis- and trans-3-fluorostyrene rotamers studied by
two-color resonant two-photon mass-analyzed threshold ionization
spectroscopy)
[27] S. Georgiev, H.J. Neusser, J. Chem. Phys. 120 (2004) 8015.
(Mass analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy of
p-fluorostyrene)
[28] C. Dong, L. Zhang, S. Liu, L. Hu, M. Cheng, Y. Du , Q. Zhu, C. Zhang, JMS. 292 (2013) 35-46.
(REMPI and MATI spectroscopic study of selected cis and trans 3-chlorostyrene rotamers)
[29] G. Varsanyi, S. Szoke, Vibrational Spectra of Benzene Derivatives, Academic Press, London, 1969
[30] O. Dopferand, K. Muller-Dethlefs, J. Chem. Phys. 101 (1994) 8508.
(S 1excitation and zero kinetic energy spectra of partly deuterated
1:1 phenol–water complexes)
[31] S.C. Yang, W.B. Tzeng, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 269 (2011) 49-55.
(Mass-analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy of
deuterium-substituted isotopomers of o-fluoroaniline and
m-fluoroaniline cations)
[32] W.C. Huang, W.L. Yeh, W.B. Tzeng, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 269 (2011) 248-253.
( Vibronic and cation spectroscopy of m-chloroaniline)
[33] K.S. Shiung, D.Yua, H.C. Huang, W.B. Tzeng, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 274 (2012) 43-47.
(Rotamers of m-fluoroanisole studied by two-color resonant
two-photon mass-analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy)
[34] Y.J. Su, W.B. Tzeng, Chem. Phys. Lett. 543 (2012) 19-22.
(Vibronic and cation spectroscopy of p-ethynylaniline)
[35] K.W. Lo, W.B. Tzeng, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 288 (2013) 1-6.
( 3-Chloro-4-fluoroaniline studied by resonant two-photo ionization
and mass-analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy)
[36] Y.H. Huang, W.C. Huang, W.B. Tzeng, Chem. Phys. Lett. 595-596 (2014) 73-76.
(4-Chloro-3-fluoroaniline studied by resonant two-photo ionization
and mass-analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy)
[37] C. Li, M. Pradhan, W.B. Tzeng, Chem. Phys. Lett. 411 (2005) 506-510.
(Mass analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy of
p-cyanophenol cation and the CN substitution effect)
[38] J.L. Lin, Yi Chang Li, W.B. Tzeng, Chem. Phys. 334 (2007) 189-195.
(Mass analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy of aza-aromatic
bicyclic molecules: Benzimidazole and benzotriazole)
[39] S.Y. Tzeng, J.Y. Wu, S. Zhang, W.B. Tzeng, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 281 (2012) 40-46.
(Resonant two-photon mass-analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy of 1-fluoronaphthalene and 2-fluoronaphthalene)
[40] V. Shivatarea, S.Y. Tzeng, W.B. Tzeng, Chem. Phys. Lett. 558 (2013) 20-24.
(Active vibrations of 1-cyanonaphthalene cation studied by
mass-analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy)
[41] V. Shivatare , W.B. Tzeng, J. Phys. Chem. A 118 (2014) 8277-8286.
(Studies of structural isomers o-, m-, and p-fluorophenylacetylene by
two-color resonant two-photon mass-analyzed threshold ionization
spectroscopy
[42] C. Qin , S.Y. Tzeng , B. Zhang , W.B. Tzeng, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 220 (2011) 139-144.
(Active vibrations of indene cation studied by mass-analyzed
threshold ionization spectroscopy)
[43] K.S. Shiunga, D.Yua, S.Y. Tzenga, W.B. Tzeng, Chem. Phys. Lett. 524 (2012) 38-41.
(Cation spectroscopy of o-fluoroanisole and p-fluoroanisole by
two-color resonant two-photon mass-analyzed threshold ionization)
[44] W.C. Huang, Y.C. Lin, W.B. Tzeng, Chem. Phys. Lett. 551 (2012) 50-53.
(Mass-analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy of 2,6-dimethylaniline, 2,6-dimethylaniline-NHD, and 2,6-dimethylaniline-ND2)
[45] S.C. Yang, S.W. Huang, W.B. Tzeng, J. Phys. Chem, 114 (2010) 11144-11152.
(Rotamers of m-chloroanisole studied by two-color resonant
two-photon mass-analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy)
[46] H. Ikoma, K. Takazawa, Y. Emura, S. Ikeda, H. Abe, H. Hayashi, M. Fujii, J. Chem. Phys. 105 (1996) 10201.
(Internal rotation of methyl group in o‐ and m‐toluidine cations as
studied by pulsed field ionization–zero kinetic energy spectroscopy)
[47] F. Merk, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 48 (1997) 675.
(mplecules in high rydberg states)
[48] Andrewheld and Edward W. Schlag, Kluwer Academic Publishers. (1991) 249.
[49] M.C.R. Cockett, Chem. Soc. Rev. 34 (2005) 935.
(Photoelectron spectroscopy without photoelectrons: twenty years of
ZEKE spectroscopy)
[50] K. Muller-Dethlefs, E.W. Schlag, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 37 (1998) 346-1374.
(Chemical applications of zero kinetic energy(ZEKE) photoelectron
Spectroscopy)
[51] W.A. Chupka, J. Chem. Phys. 98 (1993) 4520.
(Factors affecting lifetimes and resolution of Rydberg states observed
in zero‐electron‐kinetic‐energy spectroscopy)
[52] M.G.H. Boogaarts, I. Holleman, R.T. Jongma, D.H. Parker, G.Meijer, U. Even, Phys. 104 (1996) 4357-4364.
(High Rydberg states of DABCO: Spectroscopy, ionization potential,
and comparison with mass analyzed threshold ionization, J.Chem.)
[53] J.H. Moore, C.C. Davis, M.A. Coplan, S.C. Greer, Building scientific appaeatus, University of Maryland, College Park, 2002
[54] W.C. Wiley, I.H. Mclaren, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 26 (1955) 1150.
(Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometer with Improved Resolution)
[55] User’s manual (Spectra-Physics LAB-150), Spectra-Physics,1335 terra bella avenue mountain View, 2003
[56] User’s manual (Lambda Physik Scanmate), Lambda Physik USA, 3201 West Commerical Blvd, 2005
[57] Exciton Laser Dyes 30 Years of Excellence and More Brilliant Than Ever. Exciton, PO Box 31126 Dayton, 1985
[58] Lambda Physik, Wall Chart ,Göttingen-Grone, 1996
[59] D.M. Guthals, J.W. Nibler, Opt. Commun. 29 (3), 322 (1979).
(Tuning ranges of 355 nm pumped dyes from 410 to 715 nm)
[60] C.A. Moore, C.D. Decker, J. Appl. Phys. 49 (1), 47 (1978).
(Power‐scaling effects in dye lasers under high‐power laser
excitation)
[61] I.A. Stenhaouse, D. R. Williams, Appl. Spectrosc. 33 (2), 175 (1979).
(Lasing characteristics of dyes transversely pumped by a pulsed, frequency doubled, Nd/YAG laser)
[62] Q.H.F. Vrehen, Opt. Commun. 3 (3), 144 (1971).
(Spectral distribution of the stimulated emission of a rhodamine B
dye laser)
[63] J.L. Lin, W.B. Tzeng, J. Chem. Phys. 113 (2000) 4109-4115.
(Mass analyzed threshold ionization of the 35Cl and 37Cl isotopomers
of p-chloroaniline)
[64] J.L. Lin, W.B. Tzeng, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2 (2000) 3759-3763.
(Ionization energy of o-fluoroaniline and vibrational levels of
o-fluoroaniline cation determined by mass-analyzed threshold
ionization spectroscopy)
[65] B. Zhang, C. Li, H. Su, J.L. Lin, W.B. Tzeng, Chem. Phys. Lett. 390 (2004) 65-70.
(Mass analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy of p-fluorophenol
and the p-fluoro substitution effect)
[66] L. Yuan, C. Li, J.L. Lin, S.C. Yang, W.B. Tzeng, Chem. Phys. 323 (2006) 429-438.
(Mass analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy of o-fluorophenol
and o-methoxyphenol cations and influence of the nature and relative
location of substituents)
[67] J. Huang, K. Huang, S. Liu, Q. Luo, W.B. Tzeng, J. Photochem. and Photobio. A 193 (2008) 245-253.
(Vibrational spectra and theoretical calculations of p-chlorophenol in
the electronically excited S1 and ionic ground D0 states)
[68] C. Qin, S.Y. Tzeng, B. Zhang, W.B. Tzeng, Chem. Phys. Lett. 503 (2011) 25-28.
(Selected cis- and trans-p-methoxystyrene rotamers studied by
mass-analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy)
[69] W.C. Huang, P.S. Huang, C.H. Hu, W.B. Tzeng, Spectrochim. Acta A 93 (2012) 176-179.
(Vibronic and cation spectroscopy of 2,4-difluoroaniline)
[70] J.L. Lin, K.C. Lin, W.B. Tzeng, Appl. Spectrosc. 55 (2001) 120-124.
(Species-selected mass analyzed threshold ionization spectra of
m-fluoroaniline cation)
[71] L.C.L. Huang, J.L. Lin, W.B. Tzeng, Chem. Phys. 261 (2000) 449-455.
(Mass analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy of
4-aminobenzonitrile cation)
[72] S.C. Yang, J.L. Lin, W.B. Tzeng, Chem. Phys. Lett. 362 (2002) 19-25.
(Mass analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy of p-ethylaniline
cation: Alkyl chain effects on ionization and molecular vibration)
[73] J. Lin, J.L. Lin, W.B. Tzeng, Chem. Phys. Lett. 370 (2003) 44-51.
(Mass analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy of
p-methoxylaniline cation and influence of the OCH3 substituent)
[74] R.G. Neuhauser, K. Siglow, H.J. Neusser, J. Chem. Phys. 106 (1997) 896.
(High nn Rydberg spectroscopy of benzene: Dynamics, ionization
energy and rotational constants of the cation)
[75] T.G. Wright, S.I. Panov, T.A. Miller, J. Chem. Phys. 102 (1995) 4793.
(Vibrational spectroscopy of the chlorobenzene cation using zero kinetic energy photoelectron spectroscopy)
[76] J.L. Lin, S.C. Yang, Y.C. Yu ,W.B. Tzeng, Chem. Phys. Lett. 356 (2002) 267–276.
(Mass analyzed threshold ionization of p-bromoaniline: Heavy atom effects on electronic transition, ionization, and molecular vibration)
[77] J. Huang, J.L. Lin, W.B. Tzeng, Chem. Phys. Lett. 422 (2006) 271-275.
(Mass analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy of the 35Cl and
37Cl isotopomers of p-chlorophenol and isotope effect)
[78] Gaussian 09, Revision A.02,, M. J. Frisch, G. W. Trucks, H. B. Schlegel, G. E. Scuseria, M. A. Robb, J. R. Cheeseman, G. Scalmani, V. Barone, B. Mennucci, G. A. Petersson, H. Nakatsuji, M. Caricato, X. Li, H. P. Hratchian, A. F. Izmaylov, J. Bloino, G. Zheng, J. L. Sonnenberg, M. Hada, M. Ehara, K. Toyota, R. Fukuda, J. Hasegawa, M. Ishida, T. Nakajima, Y. Honda, O. Kitao, H. Nakai, T. Vreven, J. A. Montgomery, Jr., J. E. Peralta, F. Ogliaro, M. Bearpark, J. J. Heyd, E. Brothers, K. N. Kudin, V. N. Staroverov, R. Kobayashi, J. Normand, K. Raghavachari, A. Rendell, J. C. Burant, S. S. Iyengar, J. Tomasi, M. Cossi, N. Rega, J. M. Millam, M. Klene, J. E. Knox, J. B. Cross, V. Bakken, C. Adamo, J. Jaramillo, R. Gomperts, R. E. Stratmann, O. Yazyev, A. J. Austin, R. Cammi, C. Pomelli, J. W. Ochterski, R. L. Martin, K. Morokuma, V. G. Zakrzewski, G. A. Voth, P. Salvador, J. J. Dannenberg, S. Dapprich, A. D. Daniels, Ö. Farkas, J. B. Foresman, J. V. Ortiz, J. Cioslowski, and D. J. Fox, Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford CT, 2009.
[79] James B. Foresman, Exploring Chemistry with Electronic Structure Methods, Gaussian, Inc., 2nd Ed, 1996.
[80] S.F. Boys, Proc. R. Soc. London, A 200 (1950) 542-554.
(Electronic wavefunctions. I. A general method of calculation for
stationary states of any molecular system)
[81] J. L. Lin, R.H. Wu, W.B. Tzeng, Chem. Phys, 280 (2002) 191-203.
(Mass analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy of 3-aminopyridine cation and vicinal substitution effect)
[82] J.L. Lin, R.H. Wu, W.B. Tzeng, Chem. Phys. Lett. 353 (2002) 55-62.
(Mass analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy of
2-aminopyridine cation)
[83] J.L. Lin, L.C.L. Huang, W.B. Tzeng, J. Phys. Chem. A 105 (2001) 11455-11461.
(Mass-analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy of the selected
rotamers of hydroquinone and p-dimethoxybenzene cations)
[84] J. Lin, J.L. Lin, W.B. Tzeng, Chem. Phys. 295 (2003) 97-107.
(Mass analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy
of N-methylaniline and N-ethylaniline cations: Isotope
effect on transition energy and large amplitude vibrations)
[85] Y. Xie, H. Su, W.B. Tzeng, Chem. Phys. Lett. 394 (2004) 182-186.
(Rotamers of m-aminophenol cation studied by mass analyzed
threshold ionization spectroscopy and theoretical calculations)
[86] G. Varsanyi, Assignments of Vibrational Spectra of Seven Hundred Benzene Derivatives, Wiley, New York, 1974.
[87] W.B. Tzeng, K. Narayanan, Journal of Molecular Structure 482–483
(1999) 315–322.
(Vibronic features of p-ethylaniline, p-ethylaniline-NHD, and
pethylaniline-ND2 by resonant two-photon ionization mass
spectrometry)
[88] W.B. Tzeng , K. Narayanan , J.L. Lin , C.C. Tung, Spectrochimica
Acta Part A 55 (1999) 153–162.
(Structures and vibrations of o-methylaniline in the S0 and S1 states
studied by ab initio calculations and resonant two-photon ionization
spectroscopy)
[89] J.L. Lin, W.B. Tzeng, Chem. Phys. Lett. 380 (2003) 503-511
(Mass analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy of 7-azaindole
cation)
[90] J. Huang, K. Huang, S. Liu, Qiong Luo, W.B. Tzeng, J. Photochem.
Photobio. A 188 (2007) 252-259.
(Molecular Structures and Vibrations
of cis and trans m-cresol in the electronically excited S1 and cationic
D0 states)
[91] W.B. Tzeng, J.L. Lin, J.Phys.Chem.A 103 (1999) 8612-8619.
(Ionization energy of p-fluoroaniline and vibrational levels
of p-fluoroaniline cation determined by mass-analyzed threshold
ionization spectroscopy)
[92] J.L. Lin, W.B. Tzeng, Chem. Phys. Lett. 377 (2003) 620-626.
(Mass analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy of 1-methylindoline cation)
[93] R.H. Wu, J.L. Lin, J. Lin, S.C. Yang, W.
B. Tzeng, J. Chem. Phys. 118 (2003) 4929-4937.
(Mass analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy of N-methylaniline, N-ethylaniline, and N,N-dimethylaniline
cations: Influence of N-alkyl substitution on the ionization energy
and molecular vibration)
[94] J.L. Lin, J. Lin, R.H. Wu, W.B. Tzeng, J. Chem. Phys. 118 (2003)
10034-10041.
(Mass analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy of indoline
cation: Cyclization effect and large amplitude vibrations)
[95] J. Lin, J.L. Lin, W.B. Tzeng, Chem. Phys. Lett. 371 (2003) 662-669.
(Mass analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy of N-deuterium
substituted indoline cation: Isotope effect on the electronic transition
, ionization and molecula vibration)
[96] C. Li, H. Su, W.B. Tzeng, Chem. Phys. Lett. 410 (2005) 99-103.
(Rotamers of p-methoxyphenol cation studied by mass-analyzed
threshold ionization spectroscopy)
[97] J. Huang, C. Li, W.B. Tzeng, Chem. Phys. Lett. 414 (2005) 276-281.
(Mass analyzed threshold ionization
spectroscopy of p-methylanisole cation and the substitution effect)
[98] L. Yuan, C. Li, W.B. Tzeng, J. Phys. Chem.
A. 109 (2005) 9481-9487.
(Site-specific H/D exchange of p-methoxyphenol Studied by
resonant two-photon ionization and mass-analyzed threshold
ionization spectroscopy)
[99] H. Su, M. Pradhan, W.B. Tzeng, Chem. Phys.
Lett. 411 (2005) 86-90.
(Mass analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy of indazole cation)
[100] C. Li, S.C. Yang, W.B. Tzeng, Chem. Phys. Lett. 421 (2006) 77-80.
(Mass analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy of
methyl-p-aminobenzoate cation)
[101] J. Huang, J.L. Lin, W.B. Tzeng, Spectrochim. Acta A 67 (2007)
989-994.
(Rotamers of m-cresol cations studied by mass analyzed threshold
ionization spectroscopy)