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研究生: 黃建州
Chien-Chou Huang
論文名稱: 應用時頻分析於建立運動員肺音訊號比較系統
Application of Time-Frequency Analysis of Athletes’ Lung Sound Signal System
指導教授: 陳美勇
Chen, Mei-Yung
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 機電工程學系
Department of Mechatronic Engineering
論文出版年: 2012
畢業學年度: 100
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 79
中文關鍵詞: 肺音聽診時頻分析訊號影像化運動呼吸能力
英文關鍵詞: Lung sound signal, Time-frequency analysis, Digital acoustic, Hilbert-Huang transform
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:494下載:20
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  • 胸部聽診一直以來都是醫生用來診斷病人肺部病症的主要方法,醫生藉由聽診器聽取肺部的聲音,來判別病人的健康狀況以及所得病症。但自從科技的進步,數位聽診漸漸取代了傳統聽診,成為新一代主流的技術。數位聽診具有多工處理,可記錄,以及可數據化演算之優點,使得聽診技術進入一個新的紀元。透過將肺音訊號影像化,以及使用科學上訊號分析的訊號法來分析肺音訊號,我們可以從肺音訊號得到比已往更多的訊息。本研究的目的為透過肺音擷取系統以及時頻分析方法來建立一套可以觀察不同運動種類運動員之肺音訊號之系統,並透過此系統來分析不同運動種類以及其肺音訊號之間的特色與關係。
    首先使用一般聽診器與數位單指向性麥克風(鐵三角AT9904)做結合,製作成16個數位聽診器,並在人體背後肺部的位置布置麥克風陣列。透過USB音效卡以及Audio Stream Input Output(ASIO)驅動程式將肺音訊號錄製至電腦硬碟中並儲存。儲存在電腦中的肺音訊號,透過MATLAB以及Visual Signal軟體做訊號前處理以及時頻分析。本研究採取了三種時頻分析方法,分別為短時傅立葉轉換法(Short Time Fourier Transform,STFT)、Morlet小波轉換法(Morlet Wavelet Transform,Morlet WT)以及希爾伯.黃轉換法(Hilbert Huang Transform,HHT)。三種分析法各有其特色以及優點,但三種分析法中,本研究認為HHT最適合做為不同運動種類運動員之肺音差異之比較。熵(Entropy)之原理也用來作為呼吸氣流流速模型的參數之一。本研究透過以上方法來建立一個可以觀察不同運動員肺音特色之系統

    In the diagnosis of the respiratory diseases, auscultation is a main method to diagnose and treat patients. Auscultation is a non-invasive and convenient diagnostic method. With the upgrading of computer hardware, Digital auscultation is gradually replacing traditional auscultation. Auscultation digitizing overcomes the shortcomings that are not sensitive and the subjectivity of the human’s ear. And auscultation also has the advantages that are multi-tasking, recordable and can be analyzed by computer. We can know a lot of information by image-based of lung sound signals. In the digital auscultation analysis, what method I use to analyze the lung signals which microphone recorded will affect the results of the experiment greatly. The purpose of this study is to build a system to observe the lung sounds of the different athletes by combination of lung sound recording system and time-frequency analysis. And find the lung sound characteristics and relationships of different athletes from the results.
    First, I combine the stethoscopes and unidirectional microphones (Audio-Technica AT9904) as 16 digital stethoscopes, and arrange the digital stethoscope array on the back of human’s body. Through the USB sound cards and Audio Stream Input Output(ASIO) driver, the lung sound signals are recorded and saved in the hard disk. The signal would be processed and analyzed by MATLAB and Visual signal. The research has used three time-frequency analysis methods, they are Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT), Morlet Wavelet transform (Morlet WT) and Hilbert Huang transform (HHT). This research considers the result of HHT is the most suitable for lung sound signals analysis. Entropy is also used for respiratory air flow detection. This research build a system to observe the characterizes of lung sound signals from different athletes by the above method

    摘要 i ABSTRACT ii 致謝 iv 目錄 v 圖目錄 viii 表目錄 xi 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 研究目的與動機 4 1.3 文獻回顧 5 1.3.1肺音診斷與分析系統之電腦化 5 1.3.2 訊號處理 8 1.3.3 訊號分析 9 1.3.4 呼吸流量估測模型 10 1.4 本論文之貢獻 11 1.5 論文架構 11 第二章 理論基礎 13 2.1 呼吸系統與肺音機制 13 2.1.1 呼吸系統 13 2.1.2 肺音的發生機制 14 2.2 肺音種類區分 15 2.2.1支氣管音 15 2.22氣管音 16 2.2.3肺泡音 16 2.2.4哮喘音 17 2.2.5爆裂音 18 2.2.6喘鳴音 18 2.3 呼吸音與病理關係 19 2.4 訊號處理與時頻分析技術 23 2.4.1傅立葉轉換 24 2.4.2短時傅立葉轉換 24 2.4.3小波轉換 26 2.5 希爾伯特.黃轉換法 31 2.5.1瞬時頻率 32 2.5.2本質模態函數(IMF) 33 2.5.3經驗模態分析法(EMD) 34 2.7 熵(Entropy) 36 第三章 系統架構 38 3.1 系統整體架構 38 3.2 系統硬體 39 3.2.1系統硬體之架構 39 3.2.2系統之感測器 40 3.2.3麥克風性能參數 42 3.2.4資料擷取卡 43 3.2.5系統硬體實體配置情形 46 3.3 軟體架構 48 3.3.1肺音訊號儲存 49 3.3.2肺音訊號分析及前處理 49 第四章 實驗之設計與配置 51 4.1 整體實驗架構 51 4.2 模擬肺音分析測試 51 4.3 肺音測量流程設計 52 4.3.1肺音擷取與比較流程之設計 53 4.3.2肺音量測流程與運動方法之設計 54 4.4 真實肺音之前處理與分析 55 4.4.1肺音濾波與放大電路 55 4.4.2 Visual Signal前處理以及分析 56 4.5 呼氣氣流估測模型 56 第五章 實驗結果與討論 58 5.1 模擬肺音分析測試結果 58 5.1.1頻譜分析 58 5.1.2時頻分析 60 5.1.3與模擬肺音之比較 62 5.2 真實肺音之前處理與分析之結果 65 5.2.1真實肺音前處理後之結果 65 5.2.2真實肺音時頻分析之結果 67 第六章 結論與未來展望 74 6.1 結論 74 6.2 未來展望 74 參考文獻 76

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