簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 林明儀
Lin, Ming-Yi
論文名稱: 紅外線明亮星系的活躍星系核特性
The Role of AGNs in the (Ultra)Luminous Infrared Galaxy
指導教授: 橋本康弘
Yasuhiro Hashimoto
傅谷石
Sebastien Foucaud
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 地球科學系
Department of Earth Sciences
論文出版年: 2013
畢業學年度: 101
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 60
中文關鍵詞: 高紅移活躍星系紅外線; 星系X-ray; 星系
英文關鍵詞: high redshift, galaxy: active, infrared: galaxies, X-rays: galaxies
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:102下載:5
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 為了了解活躍星系核活動與恆星形成在星系演化中的相互影響,我們研究142個星系樣品,來自宇宙演化勘測視野(Cosmic Evolution Survey field),並且擁有X-ray與遠紅外線70μm觀測資料。我們的資料來自已公開之網路資料庫,X-ray來自錢德拉太空望遠鏡(Chandra)與XMM-牛頓太空望遠鏡(XMM-Newton); 遠紅外線70μm的資料則來自史匹哲太空望遠鏡(Spitzer)之多波段成像光度計(MIPS)觀測。儘管近紅外光測指數(color indexes)指出有恆星形成的存在,2-10 keV與全波段紅外光線(total infrared luminosity)的比值顯示,當固定全波段紅外光線能量時,2-10 keV的能量高出許多,暗示活躍星系核活動可能大於恆星形成活動。我們利用X-ray的硬指數(Hardness ratio)來當作”掩蔽活躍星系核”之指示標準,我們發現我們特殊的樣品選擇相對於單一X-ray的星系選擇有多餘的硬指數高值,可能與不同物理尺度的雲氣與灰塵有關。我們同時發現我們的樣品之冷灰塵溫度並不受X-ray有無的影響,灰塵溫度與活躍星系核活動之間可能沒有直接的關連。

    In order to understand the mutual influence between active galactic nuclei (AGN) and star formation during the evolution of galaxies, we investigate 142 galaxies detected in both X-ray and 70μm observations in the COSMOS (Cos- mic Evolution Survey) field. All of our data are obtained from archive, X-ray point source catalogs from Chandra and XMM-Newton observation; far-infrared 70μm point source catalog from Spitzer-MIPS observation. Although the IRAC [3.6μm]-[4.5μm] vs. [5.8μm]-[8.0μm] colors of our sample indicate the existence of star formation, the ratio of rest frame 2-10 keV luminosity to total infrared lu- minosity (8-1000μm) shows comparatively higher X-ray flux than submillimeter galaxies for a given total infrared luminosity, indicating the possibility of higher AGN activity relative to star formation. When we characterize ”obscured AGN” by X-ray hardness ratio, we find that sources with exhibit both 70μm and X-ray emissions tend to have a higher hardness ratio compared to X-ray sources without 70μm emission, suggesting possible connection between the dust and gas across the various physical scales inside a galaxy. We also find that 70μm detected galaxies with X-ray emission and without X-ray emission show no significant dif- ference in cold dust temperature, suggesting that the AGN activity and the dust temperature may not be directly correlated.

    Contents -I- Table -III- Figure -IV- Abstract -1- 1. Introduction -2- 2. Data -7- 2.1 Spitzer-COSMOS -7- 2.2 X-ray dataset: XMM-Newton & Chandra -8- 3. Method -9- 3.1 Matched X-ray and far-infrared point source catalog -9- 3.2 Redshift determination -11- 3.3 Total infrared luminosity -12- 3.4 Estimating dust temperature of host galaxy -13- 3.5 Correction of X-ray properties -16- 4. Results -24- 4.1 An AGN or star formation dominated sample? -24- 4.1.1 AGN criterion from color-color selection -25- 4.1.2 LX vs. LIR relation -26- 4.2 Dust temperature of host galaxy -31- 4.3 Hardness ratio of 70μm/X-ray galaxies -35- 5. Discussion -37- 5.1 AGN influence on the host galaxy dust temperature? -37- 5.2 AGN obscuration from starburst? -43- 6. Conclusio -45- Acknowledgements -46- References -48-

    Abazajian, K. N., Adelman-McCarthy, J. K., Agu ̈eros, M. A., et al., 2009, ApJS, 182, 543

    Akylas, A., Georgantopoulos, I., Georgakakis, A., Kitsionas, S., & Hatziminaoglou, E., 2006, A&A, 459, 693

    Alexander, D. M., Smail, I., Bauer, F. E., et al., 2005, Nature, 434, 738

    Alonso-Herrero, A., Pe ́rez-Gonza ́lez, P. G., Alexander, D. M., et al., 2006, ApJ, 640, 167

    Antonucci, R., 1993, ARA&A, 31, 473 Armus, L. 2006, Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference
    Series, 357, 218

    Arnouts, S., Cristiani, S., Moscardini, L., Matarrese, S., Lucchin,F. , et al., 1999, MNRAS, 310, 540

    Baan, W. A., Salzer, J. J., & Lewinter, R. D., 1998, ApJ, 509, 633

    Baldwin, J. A., Phillips, M. M., & Terlevich, R., 1981, PASP, 93,5

    Balestra, I., Boller, T., Gallo, L., Lutz, D., & Hess, S. 2005, A&A,442, 469

    Barnes, J. E., & Hernquist, L. E. 1991, ApJ, 370, L65

    Bauer, F. E., Yan, L., Sajina, A., & Alexander, D. M. 2010, ApJ,710, 212

    Bennert, N., Canalizo, G., Jungwiert, B., et al., 2008, ApJ, 677,846

    Biggs, A. D., & Ivison, R. J., 2008, MNRAS, 385, 893

    Boquien, M., Bendo, G., Calzetti, D., et al., 2010, ApJ, 713, 626

    Borne, K. D., Bushouse, H., Lucas, R. A., & Colina, L., 2000,ApJ, 529, L77

    Braito, V., Della Ceca, R., Piconcelli, E., et al., 2004, A&A, 420,79

    Brand, K., Dey, A., Weedman, D., et al., 2006, ApJ, 644,143

    Brightman, M., & Ueda, Y. 2012, MNRAS, 423, 702

    Brusa, M., Civano, F., Comastri, A., et al., 2010, ApJ,716, 348

    Canalizo, G., & Stockton, A., 2001, ApJ, 555, 719

    Capak, P., Aussel, H., Ajiki, M., et al., 2007, ApJS, 172, 99

    Cappelluti, N., Brusa, M., Hasinger, G., et al., 2009, A&A, 497,635

    Casey, C. M., Chapman, S. C., Beswick, R. J., et al., 2009, MNRAS, 399, 121

    Casey, C. M., 2012, MNRAS, 425, 3094

    Chapman, S. C., Blain, A. W., Smail, I., & Ivison, R. J., 2005,ApJ, 622, 772

    Choi, P. I., Yan, L., Helou, G., et al., 2011, ApJ, 732, 21

    Chung, A., Yun, M. S., Naraynan, G., Heyer, M., & Erickson,
    N. R. 2011, ApJ, 732, L15

    Clements, D. L., Dunne, L., & Eales, S., 2010, MNRAS, 403, 274 Comastri, A. 2004, Supermassive Black Holes in the Distant Universe, 308, 245

    Cui, J., Xia, X.-Y., Deng, Z.-G., Mao, S., & Zou, Z.-L., 2001, AJ,122, 63

    Daddi, E., Dickinson, M., Morrison, G., et al. 2007, ApJ, 670, 156

    de Grijp, M. H. K., Miley, G. K., Lub, J., & de Jong, T., 1985,Nature, 314, 240

    Donley, J. L., Rieke, G. H., Pe ́rez-Gonza ́lez, P. G., Rigby, J. R., & Alonso-Herrero, A., 2007, ApJ, 660, 167

    Donley, J. L., Rieke, G. H., Pe ́rez-Gonza ́lez, P. G., & Barro, G.,2008, ApJ, 687, 111

    Elbaz, D., Hwang, H. S., Magnelli, B., et al., 2010, A&A, 518,L29

    Elvis, M., Civano, F., Vignali, C., et al., 2009, ApJS, 184, 158

    Engel, H., Tacconi, L. J., Davies, R. I., et al., 2010, ApJ, 724, 233

    Esquej,P.,Alonso-Herrero,A.,Pe ́rez-Garc ́ıa,A.M.,etal.,2012,
    MNRAS, 423, 185

    Farrah, D., Afonso, J., Efstathiou, A., et al., 2003, MNRAS, 343,585

    Fiore, F., Grazian, A., Santini, P., et al. 2008, ApJ, 672, 94

    Franceschini, A., Braito, V., Persic, M., et al., 2003, MNRAS, 343, 1181

    Frayer, D. T., Sanders, D. B., Surace, J. A., et al., 2009, AJ, 138, 1261

    Gandhi, P., Horst, H., Smette, A., et al., 2009, A&A, 502, 457

    Genzel, R., & Cesarsky, C. J. 2000, ARA&A, 38, 761

    Genzel, R., Lutz, D., Sturm, E., et al. 1998, ApJ, 498, 579

    Greve, T. R., Bertoldi, F., Smail, I., et al., 2005, MNRAS, 359,1165

    Haardt, F., & Maraschi, L., 1993, ApJ, 413, 507

    Hopkins, P. F., Hernquist, L., Cox, T. J., & Keresˇ, D., 2008, ApJS,175, 356

    Hasinger, G., Cappelluti, N., Brunner, H., et al., 2007, ApJS, 172,29

    Ilbert, O., Arnouts, S., McCracken, H. J., Bolzonella, M., Bertin,E., et al., 2006, A&A, 457, 841

    Ilbert, O., Capak, P., Salvato, M., et al., 2009, ApJ, 690, 1236

    Imanishi, M., Maiolino, R., & Nakagawa, T., 2010, ApJ, 709, 801

    Iono, D., Wilson, C. D., Takakuwa, S., et al., 2007, ApJ, 659, 283

    Iwasawa, K., Sanders, D. B., Evans, A. S., et al., 2009, ApJ, 695,L103

    Kartaltepe, J. S., Sanders, D. B., Le Floc’h, E., et al., 2010, ApJ,709, 572

    Kartaltepe, J. S., Dickinson, M., Alexander, D. M., et al., 2012,ApJ, 757, 23

    Kocevski, D. D., Faber, S. M., Mozena, M., et al., 2012, ApJ, 744,148

    Koekemoer, A. M., Aussel, H., Calzetti, D., et al., 2007, ApJS,172, 196

    Komossa, S., Burwitz, V., Hasinger, G., et al., 2003, ApJ, 582,L15

    Kormendy, J., & Richstone, D., 1995, ARA&A, 33, 581

    Kova ́cs, A., Chapman, S. C., Dowell, C. D., et al., 2006, ApJ, 650,592

    Lacy, M., Storrie-Lombardi, L. J., Sajina, A., et al., 2004, ApJS,154, 166

    Laird, E. S., Nandra, K., Pope, A., & Scott, D., 2010, MNRAS,401, 2763

    LaMassa, S. M., Heckman, T. M., Ptak, A., et al. 2012, ApJ, 758,1

    Lee, N., Le Floc’h, E., Sanders, D. B., et al., 2010, ApJ, 717, 175

    Le Floc’h, E., Aussel, H., Ilbert, O., et al., 2009, ApJ, 703, 222

    Lehmer, B. D., Alexander, D. M., Bauer, F. E., et al., 2010, ApJ,724, 559

    Levenson, N. A., Sirocky, M. M., Hao, L., et al., 2007, ApJ, 654,L45

    Lilly, S. J., Le Fe`vre, O., Renzini, A., et al., 2007, ApJS, 172, 70

    Lilly, S. J., Le Brun, V., Maier, C., et al., 2009, ApJS, 184, 218

    Lonsdale, C. J., Diamond, P. J., Thrall, H., Smith, H. E., & Lonsdale, C. J. 2006, ApJ, 647, 185

    Lonsdale, C. J., Farrah, D., & Smith, H. E. 2006, Astrophysics Update 2, 285

    Lutz, D., Maiolino, R., Spoon, H. W. W., & Moorwood, A. F. M. 2004, A&A, 418, 465

    Magdis, G. E., Elbaz, D., Hwang, H. S., et al., 2010, MNRAS,
    409, 22

    Magdis, G. E., Daddi, E., Elbaz, D., et al., 2011, ApJ, 740, L15

    Magnelli, B., Lutz, D., Santini, P., et al., 2012, A&A, 539, A155

    Magorrian, J., Tremaine, S., Richstone, D., et al., 1998, AJ, 115,2285

    Mateos, S., Barcons, X., Carrera, F. J., et al. 2007, A&A, 473, 105

    Mullaney, J. R., Alexander, D. M., Goulding, A. D., & Hickox, R. C., 2011, MNRAS, 414, 1082

    Mullaney, J. R., Pannella, M., Daddi, E., et al., 2012, MNRAS, 419, 95

    Netzer, H., Lutz, D., Schweitzer, M., et al., 2007, ApJ, 666, 806

    Patel, H., Clements, D. L., Rowan-Robinson, M., & Vaccari, M.,2011, MNRAS, 415, 1738

    Polletta, M., Tajer, M., Maraschi, L., et al., 2007, ApJ, 663, 81

    Pozzi, F., Vignali, C., Gruppioni, C., et al., 2012, MNRAS, 423, 1909

    Prescott, M. K. M., Impey, C. D., Cool, R. J., & Scoville, N. Z.,2006, ApJ, 644, 100

    Press, W. H., Flannery, B. P., Teukolsky, S. A., & Vetterling, W. T., 1992, Numerical Recipes, 2nd edition (1992), Chapter 14

    Ptak, A., Heckman, T., Levenson, N. A., Weaver, K., & Strickland, D., 2003, ApJ, 592, 782

    Rafferty, D. A., Brandt, W. N., Alexander, D. M., et al., 2011, ApJ, 742, 3

    Ranalli, P., Comastri, A., & Setti, G., 2003, A&A, 399, 39

    Salvato, M., Hasinger, G., Ilbert, O., et al., 2009, ApJ, 690, 1250

    Sanders, D. B., Soifer, B. T., Elias, J. H., et al., 1988, ApJ, 325, 74

    Sanders, D. B., Soifer, B. T., Elias, J. H., Neugebauer, G., & Matthews, K., 1988, ApJ, 328, L35

    Sanders, D. B., Phinney, E. S., Neugebauer, G., Soifer, B. T., & Matthews, K., 1989, ApJ, 347, 29

    Sanders, D. B., & Mirabel, I. F., 1996, ARA&A, 34, 749

    Sanders, D. B., Salvato, M., Aussel, H., et al., 2007, ApJS, 172,86

    Schawinski, K., Treister, E., Urry, C. M., et al. 2011, ApJL, 727, L31

    Scoville, N., Aussel, H., Brusa, M., et al., 2007, ApJS, 172, 1

    Scoville, N., Abraham, R. G., Aussel, H., et al., 2007, ApJS, 172, 38

    Scott, K. S., Austermann, J. E., Perera, T. A., et al., 2008, MNRAS, 385, 2225

    Shi, Y., Rieke, G., Lotz, J., & Perez-Gonzalez, P. G., 2009, ApJ, 697, 1764

    Silverman, J. D., Lamareille, F., Maier, C., et al., 2009, ApJ, 696, 396

    Smail, I., Swinbank, A. M., Ivison, R. J., & Ibar, E., 2011, MN- RAS, 414, L95

    Smith, B. J., Swartz, D. A., Miller, O., et al., 2012, AJ, 143, 144

    Stansberry, J. A., Gordon, K. D., Bhattacharya, B., et al. 2007, PASP, 119, 1038

    Stern, D., Eisenhardt, P., Gorjian, V., et al., 2005, ApJ, 631, 163

    Symeonidis, M., Rosario, D., Georgakakis, A., et al., 2010, MNRAS, 403, 1474

    Symeonidis, M., Georgakakis, A., Seymour, N., et al., 2011, MNRAS, 417, 2239

    Tozzi, P., Gilli, R., Mainieri, V., et al., 2006, A&A, 451, 457

    Treister, E., Cardamone, C. N., Schawinski, K., et al., 2009, ApJ,706, 535

    Treister, E., Natarajan, P., Sanders, D. B., et al., 2010, Science,328, 600

    Trichas, M., Georgakakis, A., Rowan-Robinson, M., et al., 2009,MNRAS, 399, 663

    Trump, J. R., Impey, C. D., McCarthy, P. J., et al., 2007, ApJS,172, 383

    Tueller, J., Baumgartner, W. H., Markwardt, C. B., et al., 2010,ApJS, 186, 378

    van der Werf, P. P., Isaak, K. G., Meijerink, R., et al., 2010, A&A,518, L42

    Veilleux, S. 2002, IAU Colloq. 184: AGN Surveys, 284, 111

    Veilleux, S., Kim, D.-C., & Sanders, D. B., 2002, ApJS, 143, 315

    Veilleux, S., Rupke, D. S. N., Kim, D.-C., et al., 2009, ApJS, 182,62

    Vignati, P., Molendi, S., Matt, G., et al. 1999, A&A, 349, L57

    Voit, G. M., 1992, MNRAS, 258, 841

    Walton, D. J., Roberts, T. P., Mateos, S., & Heard, V., 2011, MNRAS, 416, 1844

    Yang, M., Greve, T. R., Dowell, C. D., & Borys, C., 2007, ApJ,660, 1198

    Yuan, T.-T., Kewley, L. J., & Sanders, D. B., 2010, ApJ, 709, 884

    下載圖示
    QR CODE