簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 蕭偉強
論文名稱: 網路評價一致性與分佈變異性對消費者觀賞電影之影響
指導教授: 王仕茹
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 大眾傳播研究所
Graduate Institute of Mass Communication
論文出版年: 2007
畢業學年度: 95
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 116
中文關鍵詞: 電影網路評價機制訊息一致性歸因理論評價分佈變異
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:180下載:33
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 本研究以心理學的歸因理論為基礎,探討新興的網路評價機制平台上,不同屬性的資訊來源與資訊類型如何影響消費者的觀影評價與觀影意願。過去相關研究多忽略現今的網路評價平台上,專家與一般觀眾兩類不同的評價來源往往是同時出現於網頁上一起進行比較;另一方面,現今網路評價平台也提供了消費者對於更多不同的評價資訊線索,像是同一屬性的評價來源內部的評價分佈狀況,都使得過往一致性訊息的相關研究無法全然適用於網路平台上。

    本研究操弄網路評價機制上三類資訊內容,包括評價來源間的一致性、評價內部分佈的變異性與觀眾評價數量,並依過往研究,將消費者對於觀賞電影的潛在興趣作為具穩定影響力的干擾變項。本研究以即將上映的好萊塢電影為實驗刺激物,模擬評價網站的形式,總共區分為兩個實驗,實驗一探討評價來源間的一致性高低(一致高分、一致低分、專家高分觀眾低分、專家低分觀眾高分)與評價內部分數分佈的變異程度大小(專家評價分佈變異大、專家評價分佈變異小、觀眾評價分佈大、觀眾評價分佈變異小)。根據16個實驗組的研究結果顯示
    1、 專家與觀眾評價兩者一致低分的影響大於一致高分,前者能顯著降低消費者的觀影評價與觀影意願。
    2、 當兩評價來源一致性高時,評價內部分佈變異性的影響不顯著。
    3、 在控制觀眾評價數量下,當評價不一致時, 觀眾的正向評價對消費者較具影響力,能顯著提高消費者對的觀影評價與意願
    4、 潛在觀影興趣高的消費者比潛在觀影興趣低的消費者更重視觀眾來源的評價,與過去的研究結果不同。

    實驗二則探討評價內部的分佈變異差異與觀眾評價數量之間的關係。根據8個實驗組的研究結果顯示當專業評價給予正面評價且分佈集中,同時觀眾評價負面但評價分佈分散時,整體觀眾的評價人數增多,會顯著提升該部電影的評價。但是當觀眾評價相對較高時,觀眾評價的影響力卻不顯著,顯示在電影網路評價機制上,觀眾評價數量的影響力必須取決於其他評價來源的評價方向與評價內部的分佈變異差異。

    第一章 緒論 第一節 研究背景與動機…………………………………1 第二節 研究問題…………………………………………8 第二章 文獻探討 第一節 網路評價機制………………………………………9 第二節 消費者觀影決策模式………………………………16 第三節 訊息一致性…………………………………………19 第四節 專業影評評價的影響………………………………25 第五節 一般觀眾評價的影響………………………………27 第三章 研究方法 第一節 研究假設與架構……………………………………34 第二節 研究變項定義………………………………………37 第三節 實驗設計……………………………………………41 第四節 樣本結構與資料分析方法…………………………55 第四章 研究結果與討論 第一節 變數操弄檢定………………………………………56 第二節 假說檢定……………………………………………61 第三節 研究發現……………………………………………76 第五章 結論與建議 第一節 結論…………………………………………………79 第二節 學術與實務意涵……………………………………81 第三節 研究限制……………………………………………83 第四節 後續研究發展………………………………………83 參考文獻…………………………………………………………85 附錄一 前測問卷………………………………………………94 附錄二 2006年12月至2007年2月名列IMDB前10名之電影名單…97 附錄三 47部候選電影名單……………………………………99 附錄四 正式施測問卷………………………………………104

    中文

    2006年台灣媒體白皮書(2006)。台北:台北市媒體服務代理商協會

    林正安(2005年12月23日)。〈電影人10:網路行銷電影的前景〉,上網時間,2005年
    12月24日,取自「東方線上資料庫」http://www.isurvey.com.tw/。

    吳知賢(1994)。〈歸因理論及歸因再訓練的探討〉。臺南師院學報,27,1-29。

    陳思懿(2003)。《網路口碑來源可信度對訊息信任之影響》。台灣科技大學企管研究所碩
    士論文。

    留淑芳(2002)。《網路口耳相傳訊息特性及接受者行為特質對態度形成之影響》。台灣大
    學商學研究所博士論文。

    郭幼龍(1999)。《民眾對台灣電影的評價與電影消費行為之關係研究》。世新大
    學傳播研究所碩士論文。

    翁育萱(2002)。《訊息數量、訊息結構與認知需求對消費者態度之影響》。台灣大學商學
    研究所碩士論文。

    趙書珣(2004年10月6號)。〈網友線上評價,有利有弊〉,上網時間:2006年1月5
    日,取自「資策會網站」。

    練乃華(2003)。〈口耳相傳訊息之傳播及對消費者購買行為之影響:文獻回顧與
    評論〉。《中山管理評論》,11(2)283-307。

    鄭佩玲(2001)。《口耳相傳效果對消費者態度形成之影響--以網路留言板為例》。
    政治大學國際貿易研究所碩士論文。

    英文

    Ajzen, I., & Fishben, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior.
    Upper Saddle River, NJ:Prentice Hall.

    Ansari, A., Essegaier, S., & Kohli, R. (2000). Internet Recommendation System.
    Journal of Marketing Research, 37(3),363-375.

    Arndt, J. (1967). Word of Mouth Advertising: A Review of the Literature, New York:
    Advertising Research Federation.

    Austin, B. A. (1981).Film Attendance: Why College Students Chose to See Their Most
    Recent Film?Journal of Popular Film and Television ,9(April),43-49.

    Austin, B. A. (1989). Immediate Seating: A Look at Movie Audience, Belmont,
    CA:Wadsworth.

    Bansal, H. S., & Voyer, P. A. (2000).Word-of-Mouth Processes within a Services
    Purchase Decision Context. Journal of Service Research, 3(2), 166-177.

    Basuroy, S., Desai, K., & Talukdar, D. (2006). An Empirical Investment of Signaling in the
    Motion Picture Industry. Journal of Marketing Research ,xx( ), 287-295.

    Basuroy, S., Chatterjee, S., & Ravid, A. (2003). How Critical Are Critical Reviews?
    The Box Office Effects of Film Critics, Star Power, and Budgess. Journal of Marketing, 67, 103-117.

    Bayus, B. L. (1985).Word of Mouth: The Indirect Effects of Marketing Efforts.
    Journal of Advertising Research, 25(3), 37-51.

    Bickart, B., & Schindler, R. M. (2001). “Internet Forums as Influential Sources of Consumer
    Information. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 15(3), 31-40.

    Burzynski, H. M., & Bayer, D. J. (1977). The Effect of Positive and Negative Prior
    Information on Motion Picture Appreciation. Journal of Social Psychology, 101, 15-218

    Bone, P. F. (1995). Word-of-Mouth on Short-term and Long-term Product Judgments.
    Journal of Business Research, 32, 213-223.
    Boor, M. (1990). Reliability of Rating by Professional Movie Critics, Psychology Reports,
    67(August), 243-257.

    Briggs, R., & Nigel, H. (1997). Advertising on the Web: Is There Response before
    Click-Through. Journal of Advertising Research, 3, 33-45.

    Bristor, J.M. (1990). Enhanced Explanations of Word of Mouth Communications: The Power
    of Relationships. Research in Consumer Behavior, 4, 51-83.

    Cameron, S. (1995). On the Role of Critics in the Culture Industry. Journal of Cultural
    Economics,19, 321-331.
    Chang, B., & Ki, E. (2005). Devising a Practical Model for Predicting Theatrical Movie Success: Focusing on the Experience Good Property. Journal of Media Economics, 18(4), 247-269.
    Chatterjee, P. (2001). Online Reviews: Do Consumers Use Them? Advances in Consumer Research, 28, 129-133.
    D’Astous A., & Touil N.(1999). Consumer Evaluations of Movies on the Basis of
    Critics Judgement, Psychology & Marketing, 16(8), 677-694.

    Dellasrocas, C. (2003). The Digitization of Word of Mouth: Promise and Challenges of Online
    Feedback Mechanisms. Management Science, 49(10), 1407-1424.
    Desai, K., & Basuroy, S. (2005). Interactive Influence of Genre Familiarity, Star Power, and Critics' Reviews in the Cultural Goods Industry: The Case of Motion Picture. Psychology & Marketing, 22(3), 203-223.
    Doney, P. M., & Cannon, J. P. (1997). An Examination of the Nature of Trust in Buyer-Seller Relationships, Journal of Marketing, 61(2), 35-51.
    Eliashberg, J., & Sawhney, M. S. (1994). Modeling Goes to Hollywood: Predicting Individual Differences in Movie Enjoyment. Management Science, 40(9), 1151-1173.
    Eliashberg, J., & Shugan, S. T. (1997).Film Critics: Influencers or predictors?. Journal of
    Marketing, 61, April, 68-78.

    Eliashberg, J., Jonker, J., Sawhney, S., & Wierenga, B. (2000). MOVIEMOD: An
    Implementable Decision-support system for Prerelease Market Evaluation of Motion Pictures. Marketing Science19(3), 226-243.

    Eliashberg, J., Elberse, A., & Leenders, M. A. A. M. (2006). The Motion Picture Industry:
    Critical Issues In Practice, Current Research, and New Research Directions. Marketing Science, 26(6), 638-661.

    Engel, J. F., R. J. Kegerreis, & Blackwell, R. D. (1969). Word-of-Mouth Communication by
    the Innovator.Journal of Marketing,33(3), 15-19.

    Faber, R. J., & O’Guinn, T. C. (1984). Effect of Media Advertising and Other
    Sources on Movie Selection. Journalism Quarterly, 61(2), 371-77.

    Festinger, L. (1957). A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University
    Press.

    Fishbien, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Beliefs, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to
    theory and research. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley.

    Fiske, S. T. (1980). Attention and Weight in Person Perception: The Impact of Negative and
    Extreme Behavior, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38(6), 889-906.

    Folkes, V. S., & Patrick, V. M. (2003). The Positivity Effect in Perceptions of Services: Seen
    One, Seen Them All? Journal of Consumer Research,30(1), 125-137.
    Gershoff, A., Mukherjee, A., & Mukhopadhyay, A. (2003). Consumer acceptance of online agent advice: Extremity and positivity effects. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 13(1), 161 -170.
    Gilly, M. C., Graham, J. L., Wolfinbarger, M. F., & Yale, L. J. (1998). A Dyadic Study of Interpersonal Information Search. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 26( 2) , 83-100
    Godes, D., & Mayzin, D.(2004). Using Online Conversation to Study Word-of-Mouth
    Communication. Marketing Science,23(4), 545-560.

    Goldamith, R.E., & Hofacker, C. F. (1991).Measuring Consumer Innovativeness. Journal of
    the Academy of Marketing Science,19(Sep), 209-221.

    Hanson, W. A. (2000). Principles of Internet Marketing .Ohio: South-Western College
    Publishing.

    Hastie, R. (1980). Memory for Information Which Confirms or Contradicts a General
    Impression, In Reid Hastie, et al. (eds), Person Memory: The Cognitive Basis of Social Perception. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 155-177.

    Haugtvedt, C. P., & Wegener, D.T. (1994). Message Order Effects in Persuasion: An Attitude
    Strength Perspective, Journal of Consumer Research, 21, 205–218.

    Heider, F. (1958).The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations, New York:Wiley.

    Hennig-Thurau, T., & Walsh, G.. (2003). Electronic Word-of-Mouth: Motives for and
    Consequences of Reading Customer Articulations on the Internet. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 8(2), 51-74.

    Hilton, D. J., & Jaspars, J. M.(1987). The Explanation of Occurrences and Non-Occurrences:
    A Test of the Inductive Logic Model of Causal attributions, British Journal of Social Psychology, 26, 189-201.

    Hogarth, R. M. (1989). On Combining Diagnostic Forecasts: Thoughts and Some Evidence,
    International Journal of Forecasting, 5, 593-597.

    Holbrook, M. B. (1999).Popular Appeal versus Expert Judgments of motion Pictures.
    Journal of Consumer Research, 26(2),144-155.
    Holbrook, M. B. (2005). The Role of Ordinary Evaluations in the Market for Popular Culture: Do Consumers Have “Good Taste”? Marketing Letters, 16(2), 75-86.
    Horlbrook, M.B., & Hirschman, E.C. (1982).The Experiential Aspects of Consumption: Consumer Fantasies, Feelings, and Fun. Journal of Consumer Research, 9(2), 132-139.

    Hu, X., Li, X., & Nelson, R. (2005). The World Wide Web as a Vehicle for
    Advertising Movies to College Students: An Exploratory Study. Journal of Website Promotion, 1(3), 115-122.

    Jeddi, K., Krider R. E., & Weinberg, C. B. (1998). Clustering at the Movie. Marketing letters,
    9(4), 393-405.

    Katz, E., & Lazarsfeld, P.F. (1955). Personal Influence: The Part Play by People in the Flow of Mass Communication. New York:Free Press.

    Kay, A. (1984). Computer Software, Scientific American, 251(September),53-59.

    Kahle, L. R., & Homer, P. M. (1985). Physical Attractiveness of the Celebrity Endorser: A
    Social Adaptation Perspective. Journal of Consumer Research, 11(4), 954-961.

    Kelly, H. H. (1967). Attribution Theory in Social Psychology. In D. Levine (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 192-238.

    Kiecker, P., & Deborah, C. (2001). Interpersonal Communication and Personal Influence on
    the Internet: A Framework for Examining Online Word-of-Mouth. Journal of Euro-Marketing, 11( 2), 71-88.

    Levin, A. M., Levin, I. P., & Heath, C. K. (1997). Movie Stars and Authors as Brand Names:
    Measuring Brand Equity in Experiential Products. In M. Brucks & D. MacInnis(eds.). Advances in Consumer Research, 24, 175-181.

    Linton, J. M., & Petrovich, J. A. (1988). The Application of the Consumer Information
    Acquisition Approach to Movie Selection: An Exploration Study. In Bruce, A. Austin, (ed), Current Research in Film: Audience, Economics and Law, 4. Norwood , NJ: Albex Publishing Co.

    Litman, B. R. (1983). Predicting Success of Theatrical Movies: An Empirical Study. Journal
    of Popular Culture ,16, 159-175.

    Litman, B. R., & Ahn, H. (1998). Predicting Financial Success of Motion Pictures. In
    B.R.Litman, (ed).The Motion Picture Mega-Industry. Allyn & Bacon, Needham Heights, MA.
    Liu, Y. (2006). Word of Mouth for Movies: Its Dynamics and Impact on Box Office Revenue. Journal of Marketing, 70(3), 74-89.
    Meyer, R. J. (1981). A Model of Multiattribute Judgments under Attribute Uncertainty and Informational Constraint, Journal of Consumer Research, 8(November), 428-441.
    Mizerski, R.W. (1982). An Attribution Explanation of the Disproportionate Influence of Unfavorable Information, Journal of Consumer Research, 9, 301-310.
    Neelamegham, R., & Jain, D. (1999). Consumer Choice Process for Experience Goods: An Econometric Model and Analysis. Journal of Marketing Research, 36(3), 373-386.
    Negroponte, N. (1970). The Architecture Machine, Boston: MIT Press.
    Norman, R. (1975). Affective-Cognitive Consistency, Attitudes, Conformity and Behavior, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 32(July),83-91.
    Price, L. L., & Feick, L. F. (1984). The Role of Interpersonal Sources in External Search: An Informational Perspective. Advances in Consumer Research, 10, 250-255.
    Priester, J. R. & Petty, R. E. (2001). Extending the Bases of Subjective Attitudinal
    Ambivalaence: Interpersonal Antecedents of Evaluative Tension. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(Jan), 19-34.

    Reinstein, D. A., & Snyder, M. C. (2005).The Influence of Expert Reviews on
    Consumer Demand for Experience Goods: A Case Study of Movie Critics. Journal of Industrial Economics, 53(1), 27-51.

    Richins, M. L. (1984). Word of Mouth Communication as Negative Information. In T. Kinnear
    (Ed.), Advances in Consumer Research XI, Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research, 697-702.

    Rose, W. T. Jr.& Creyer, E. H. (1992). Making Inferences about Missing Information: The Effect of Missing Information, Journal of Consumer Research, 19(June), 14-25.

    Rosenberg, M. J. (1968). Hedonism, Inauthenticity, and Other Goads Toward Expansion of a
    Consistency Theory. In Abelson, R. P. et al. (Eds). Theory of Cognitive Consistency : A Sourcebook,Chicago: Rand McNally, 73-111.

    Ross, W. T., & Robertson, T. S. (1990). Information Processing and Innovative Choice,
    Marketing Letters, 2(April), 87-97.

    Salton, G.., &. Buckley, C. (1988). Term Weighting Approaches in Automatic Text
    Retrieval, Information Processing and Management,24(5),513-23.

    Sawhney, M. S., & Eliashberg, J. (1996). A Parsimonious Model of Forecasting Gross
    Box-office Revenues of motion pictures. Marketing Science, 15(2), 113-131.

    Schindler, R. M., & Bickart, B. (2002). Characteristics of online consumer comments valued
    for hedonic and utilitarian shopping tasks. Advances in Consumer Research, 29, 428–429.

    Scrull,T. K., & Wyer, R. S. Jr. (1989). Person Memory and Judgment. Psychology
    Review, 96(Jan), 58-83.

    Sengupta, J., & Johar, G.. (2002). Effects of Inconsistent Attribute Information on the
    Predictive Value of Product attitudes: Toward a Resolution of Opposing Perspectives. Journal of Consumer Research, 29, 39-56.

    Silverman, G. (1997). How to Harness the Awesome Power of Word of Mouth. Direct
    Marketing, (60), 32-37.

    Simmons, J.(1994).A” Thump up” pull in the audience, Wall Street Journal,
    25(March), B1.

    Smith, R. E., & Vogt, C. A. (1995).The Effects of Integrating Advertising and
    Negative Word-of-Mouth Communications on Message Processing and Response, Journal of Consumer Psychology, 4(2), 133-151.

    Soloman, M. R. (1996).Consumer Behavior, 3rd ed., London: Prentice-Hall.

    Sparks, P., Hedderley, D., & Shepherd, R. (1992).An Investigation into the Relationship
    between Perceived Control. Attitude Variability, and the Consumption of Two Common Foods. European Journal of Social Psychology, (22), 55-71

    Swartz, T. A. (1984). Relationship between Source Expertise and Source Similarity in an
    Advertising Context, Journal of Advertising, 13(2), 49-55.

    Skowronski, J. J., & Carlston, D. E. (1989). Negativity and Extremity in Impression
    Formation: A Review of Explanations, Psychological Bulletin, 105, 131-142.

    Thompson, M. M., & M. P. Zanna, (1995). The Conflicted Individual: Personality-Based and
    Domain-Specific Antecedents of Ambivalent Social Attitudes. Journal of Personality, 63, 259-288.

    Vogel, H. L. (2001). Entertainment Industry Economics. Cambridge University Press,
    Cambridge, New York.

    Wang, A. (2005). The Effect of Expert and Consumer Endorsements on Audience
    Response. Journal of Advertising Research, 45(4), 402-412.

    West, P.M., & Broniarczyk, S. M. (1998). Integrating Multiple Opinions: The Role of
    Aspiration Level on Consumer Response to Critic Consensus. Journal of Consumer Research, 25(1), 38-51.

    Wright, P. (1974). The Harassed Decision Maker: Time Pressures, Distractions, and the Use of
    Evidence, Journal of Applied Psychology, 59, 555-561.

    Wyatt, R. O., & Badger, D.P. (1984). How Reviews Affect Interest in and Evaluation of
    Films. Journalism Quarterly, 61, 874-878.

    Wyatt, R. O., & David P. B. (1990). Effects of Information and Evaluation in Film
    Criticism. Journalism Quarterly, 67(2), 359-368.

    Zufryden, F.(1996).Linking Advertising to Box Office Performance of New Film
    Release—A Marketing Planning Model. Journal of Advertising Research,36(4),29-41.

    QR CODE