研究生: |
鄭安琪 |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
季內振盪之海氣耦合模式模擬 |
指導教授: | 鄒治華 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
地球科學系 Department of Earth Sciences |
論文出版年: | 2007 |
畢業學年度: | 96 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 71 |
中文關鍵詞: | 季內振盪 、耦合 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:125 下載:3 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
亞洲地區具有全球最大的季風系統,東亞地區降雨受到夏季季風ㄧ定程度之影響,且季風的肇始與中斷與季內振盪息息相關,因此若能了解季內振盪的生成機制與移行路徑,將有助於對亞洲夏季季風之預報。本研究採用ECHAM5/MPIOM、MIROC3.2(medres)、CNRN、GISS-ER及INM3.0等五個模式比較CGCM與AGCM對ISO的模擬結果,經空間相關係數與均方根誤差之計算後發現,在各個月份對於季內振盪的模擬上,傳統系集平均(ensemble mean)比單一模式模擬為佳,CGCM模擬又比AGCM模擬結果好,其中尤以ECHAM5/MPIOM與MIROC3.2(medres)二個模式表現為優。但各個模式在五、六月份均有模擬變差的現象,此應與五月份亞洲夏季季風肇始有關。
AGCM模式模擬中,無論在孟灣或南海地區,均以渦度場為主要的影響機制,可能是造成模擬季內對流強度過強的因素。而CGCM增加了海氣交互作用,與季內對流相關之地表熱通量產生海溫正距平,此時海表面溫度增高,大氣邊界層之水汽含量也增加,形成有利對流發展之不穩定環境,因邊界條件改變而改善對季內振盪之模擬。而本研究所選取CGCM五個模式中,以MPI模式模擬結果最佳,其次為MIROC3.2(medres)模式,其餘模式模擬ISO不理想的原因除了模式本身物理過程設定外,可能與解析度不同有關。
鄒治華、柯文雄、張卜仁,2000:利用Wavelet分析南海地區季內振盪與東亞夏季季風之研究,大氣科學,28,27-46。
鄒治華、陳正達、徐邦琪,2002:台灣地區五-七月豪(大)雨之中長期變化與季內振盪,大氣科學,30,1-20。
李政康,2003:多重模式系集模擬應用於季內振盪預報之研究,國立台灣師範大學碩士論文。
朱容練、許晃雄、陳正達、柯文雄,2005:AMIP模式模擬夏季季內振盪之分析,大氣科學,33,1-28。
陳盈靜,2006:ECHAM4模式T42系集模擬與T106模擬季內振盪之比較,國立台灣師範大學碩士論文。
Anderson, J. R., D. E. Stevens, and P. R. Julian,1984: Temporal variations of the tropical 40-50 day oscillation, Mon.Wea. Rev.,112,2431–2438.
Annamalai, H. and K. R. Sperber,2005:Regional heat sources and the active and break phases of boreal summer intraseasonal (30–50 day) variability, J.Atmos.Sci.,62,2726–2748.
Chang, C. –P. and Z. Wang,2004:Annual cycle of southeast Asia-Maritime rainfll and asymmetric monsoon transition, J. Climate.,18,287-301.
Chen, T. -C. and J.–M Chen,1995:An observational study of the South China Sea monsoon during the 1979 summer:Onset and life cycle, Mon. Wea. Rev.,123,2295-2318.
Daubechies,I.,1998:Orthonormal bases of compactly supported wavelets, Commun.Pure Appl.Math.,41,909-996.
Flatau, M., P. J. Flatau, P. Phoebus, and P. P. Niiler,1997:The feedback between equatorial convection and local radiative and evaporative processes: The implications for intraseasonal oscillations, J. Atmos. Sci.,54,2373–2386.
Fu, X. and B. Wang,2004:Differences of boreal summer intraseasonal oscillations simulated in an atmosphere–ocean coupled model and an atmosphere-only model, J. Climate.,17,1263–1271.
——, ——, and Tim Li,2002:Impacts of air–sea coupling on the simulation of mean asian summer monsoon in the ECHAM4 model, Mon. Wea. Rev.,130,2889–2904.
Gill, A.,1980:Some simple solution for heat-induced tropical circulation,Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc.,106,447-462.
Goswami, B. N., J. Shukla, E.K. Schneider, and Y.C. Sud,1984:Study of the dynamics of the intertropical convergence zone with a symmetric version of the GLAS climate model,1984, J. Atmos. Sci.,41,5-19.
Hendon, H. H., and M. L. Salby,1994:The life cycle of the Madden-Julian oscillation, J. Atmos. Sci.,51,2225-2237.
Hsu, H. H. and C.–H. Weng, 2002:Northwestward propagation of the intraseasonal oscillation in the western north Pacific during the boreal summer: Structure and mechanism, J. Climate.,14,3834-3850.
Inness, P. M., and J. M. Slingo,2003:Simulation of the Madden–Julian oscillation in a coupled general circulation model. Part I: Comparison with observations and an atmosphere-only GCM, J. Climate.,16,345–364.
Kang, I. -S., C. –H. Ho, Y. –K. Lim, and K.-M. Lau,1999:Principal modes of climatological seasonal and intraseasonal variations of the Asian summer monsoon, Mon. Wea. Rev.,127,322–340.
Kemball-Cook, S., B. Wang, and X. Fu,2002:Simulation of the intraseasonal oscillation in the ECHAM-4 model: The impact of coupling with an ocean model, J.Atmos. Sci.,59,1433–1453.
Lau, K. –M. and L. Peng,1987:Origin of low-frequency (intraseasonal) oscillation in the tropical atmosphere,Part Ι:Basic theoty, J. Atmos. Sci,44,950-972.
Lawrence,G. W.,1992: AMIP: The atmospheric model intercomparison project, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 73, 1962-1970.
Lee, M. -I., I. -S. Kang, J. -K. Kim, and B. E. Mapes, 2001: Influence of cloud-radiation interaction on simulating tropical intraseasonal oscillation with an atmospheric general circulation model, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 14 219–14 233.
——, ——, and ——, 2003: Impacts of cumulus convection parameterization on aqua-planet AGCM simulations of tropical intraseasonal variability, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 81, 963–992.
Liang, X. Z., A. N. Samel, and W. -C. Wang,2002:China's rainfall interannual predictability: Dependence on the annual cycle and surface anomalies, J. Climate.,15,2555–2561.
Lin, J. L., and B. E. Mapes,2004:Radiation budget of the tropical intraseasonal oscillation, J. Atmos. Sci.,61,2050–2062.
——, and coauthors,2006:Tropical intraseasonal variability in 14 IPCC AR4 climate models, Part I: Convective signals, J. Climate.,19,2665-2690.
Madden, R. A. and P. R. Julian,1971:Detection of a 40-50 day oscillation in the tropical Pacific, J. Atmos. Sci.,28,702-708.
Mak,M.,1995:Orthogonal wavelet analysis:Interannual variability in the sea surface temperature, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.,76,2179-2186.
Maloney, E. D.,and D. L. Hartmann,1998:Frictional moisture convergence in a composite life cycle of the Madden-Julian oscillation, J. Climate.,11,2387-2403.
Mao, J. and J. C. L. Chan,2004:Intraseasonal variability of the South China Sea summer monsoon, J. Climate.,18,2388-2402.
Nakzawa, T., 1992:Seasonal Phase lock of intraseasonal variation during the Asian summer monsoon, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 70, 597-611.
Sikka,D.R.,and S.Gadgil,1980: On the maximum cloud zone and the ITCZ over Indian longitudes during the south west monsoon, Mon.Wea.Rev.,108, 1840-1853.
Slingo, J. M., and coauthors, 1996:Intraseasonal oscillation in 15 atmospheric general citculation models:Results from an AMIP diagnostic subproject, Climate Dyn.,12, 325-357.
Torrence,C. and G.P. Compo, 1998: A practical guide to wavelet analysis, Bull.Amer.Meteor.Soc.,79,61-78.
Waliser, D. E., K. M. Lau, and J. –H. Kim ,1999: The influence of coupled sea surface temperatures on the Madden–Julian oscillation: A model perturbation experiment, J. Atmos. Sci.,56,333–358.
Wang, B., and H. Rui,1990:Dynamics of the coupled moist Kelvin–Rossby wave on an equatorial β-plane, J. Atmos. Sci.,47,397-413.
Wang, B., and X. Xu,1997:Northern hemisphere summer monsoon singularities and climatological intraseasonal oscillation, J. Climate.,10,1071–1085.
Wang, W., and M. E. Schlesinger,1999:The dependence on convection parameterization of the tropical intraseasonal oscillation simulated by the UIUC 11-layer atmospheric GCM, J. Climate.,12,1423–1457.
Weng, H., and K. -M. Lau,1994:Wavelets period doubling and time-frequency location with application to organization of connection over the tropical weatern Pacific, Mon. Wea. Rev.,121,2523-2541.
Woolnough, S. J., J. M. Slingo, and B. J. Hoskins, 2000:The relationship between convection and sea surface temperature on intraseasonal timescales,J. Climate.,13,2086–2104.
Wu, R. and B. P. Kirtman, 2005: Role of the Indian Ocean in the biennial transition of the Indian summer monsoon, J. Climate.,20,2147–2164.
Zheng, Y. and D. E. Waliser, 2004: The role of coupled sea surface temperature in the simulation of the tropical intraseasonal oscillation, J. Climate.,21,4109-4134.