本研究旨在探討視覺情境、表現情境、技能水準與練習量對罰球投籃特定技能的影響。實驗一以12位專家男生籃球員為參加者，在不同罰球投籃視覺情境、變化罰球投籃距離-力量表現情境中各進行20次定點投籃，依變項為投籃準確性，經重複量數二因子變異數分析、簡單線性廻歸分析，結果發現：(一) 罰球投籃準確性在視覺情境變項皆未達到統計顯著差異，而特定與非特定罰球投籃視覺情境的罰球投籃實際值與預測值皆未高於1個估計標準誤值；(二) 特定與非特定罰球投籃視覺情境的罰球線與鄰近距離投籃準確性皆未達統計顯著差異；(三) 罰球投籃準確性在表現情境變項有達到統計顯著差異，且特定與非特定距離-力量表現情境的罰球投籃實際值與預測值未高於1個估計標準誤值。在實驗二以專家女生籃球員和具有籃球經驗的學生各12人為參加者，分別在正常與低知覺-行動表現情境各200次試投，經混合設計三因子變異數分析，結果發現未達到統計顯著差異，比較罰球投籃實際值與預測值均未顯示高於1個估計標準誤值。依此，本研究的結論為：(一) 罰球投籃特定技能表現不受視覺情境的影響；(二) 罰球投籃特定技能效應在鄰近投籃距離的投籃表現會產生類化效果；(三) 罰球投籃特定技能表現不受不同罰球投籃距離-力量表現情境的影響；(四) 罰球投籃特定技能會受練習量與技能水準的影響。

This study was designed to examine the effects of visual contexts, conditions of performance, skill levels, and amounts of practice on basketball free-throw’s especial skill. Twelve expert male basketball players served as participants in experiment 1. Each participant performed 20 set shots at two visual contexts and alteration distance-force conditions. Dependent variable was shooting accuracy. Two way repeated measures ANOVA and simple linear regression analysis revealed that (1) The accuracy of free-throw shooting was found no significant difference on visual context. The actual and expected values at the foul line were found no higher than one SEest in both specific and non-specific foul line visual contexts; (2) In two visual contexts, the accuracy of free-throw shooting between foul line and closer distances were found no significant difference; and (3) For accuracy of free-throw shooting, significant difference was found in performance variable. The actual and expected values at the foul line was found no higher than one SEest in both specific and non-specific distance-force conditions. Twelve expert female basketball players and twelve basketball-experienced female students served as participants in experiment 2. Each participant performed 200 set shots at normal and low perception-action conditions. The mixed-design three-way ANOVA analysis revealed that skill level and amounts of practice were found significant difference. The actual and expected values at the foul line was no higher than one SEest in both normal and low perception-action conditions. It was concluded that: (1) Visual context had no effect on especial skill of free-throw shooting; (2) The generalization effects of especial skill was found in neighboring shooting distances; (3) Different distance-force conditions had no effect on especial skill of free-throw shooting; and (4) Skill levels and amounts of practice had effects on especial skill of free-throw shooting.

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