在威瑪的十二年間(1848至1860年)，李斯特(Franz Liszt, 1811-1886)共創作十二首交響詩和兩部交響曲，他的交響詩與交響曲在形式上有明確的區別，但兩者均與文學或其他藝術相連結，都是具詩意訴求的管絃樂作品。
李斯特在《一首浮士德交響曲》(Eine Faust-Symphonie, 1854)中，以主題(theme)描繪〈浮士德〉(Faust)、〈葛麗卿〉(Gretchen)和〈梅菲斯特〉(Mephistopheles)的形象，並將他擅長的主題變形技巧發揮得淋漓盡致，透過主題的運用，傳達這三位主角複雜多樣的個性及彼此的關係。主題將各樂章聯繫，讓多樂章的交響曲緊密結合成一個整體，就如同單樂章的效果，交響曲與交響詩的界限也因此變得模糊。本論文針對《一首浮士德交響曲》的曲式和主題素材做分析，探討李斯特是如何架構起這部三樂章的標題交響曲，並討論這部作品與交響詩產生的聯繫。

Franz Liszt (1811-1886) completed 12 symphonic poems and 2 symphonies during
the 12 years (1848-1860) he was in Weimar. There is a significant difference in musical
form between his symphonic poems and his symphonies, but both tended to be inspired
by literature or other arts, essentially orchestral works with poetic appeal.

In Eine Faust-Symphonie, Liszt utilized different themes to depict the images of
Faust, Gretchen, and Mephistopheles through fully elaborate thematic transformations,
a technique he had already mastered. He conveyed the three characters’ complicated
and diverse personalities along with their mutual relationships via the application of
themes. The themes connect movements thereby strengthening the unity of the work as
a whole which can reflect as the structure of a single movement. Consequently, the
boundary between symphony and symphonic poem is ambiguous. Thus we shall
analyze the musical form and thematic material in Eine Faust-Symphonie, explore how
Liszt constructed the three-movement program symphony, and further discuss the
association between this symphony and his symphonic poems.

一、原始資料

樂譜

Liszt, Franz. Eine Faust-Sinfonie. 1861 Version. Franz Liszt’s Musikalische Werke, Serie 1, Band 8-9. Foreword by Berthold Kellermann. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1917.

Liszt, Franz. Eine Faust-Sinfonie. 1880 Version. Foreword by Peter Otto Schneider. Leipzig: Ernst Eulenburg Ltd, n.d.(ca. 1930).

書籍

Correspondence of Wagner and Liszt. Volume 1 and 2. Translated into English with a Preface by Francis Hueffer. New York: Haskell House, 1969.

Franz Liszt: Selected Letters. Translated and Edited by Adrian Williams. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Letters of Franz Liszt. Volume 1. Collected and Edited by La Mara; Translated by Constance Bache. New York: Scholary, 1980.

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von.《浮士德》(Faust)。綠原 譯。台北：城邦文化，1999。

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von.《浮士德》(Faust)。海明 譯。董崇選 導讀。台北：書華出版事業，2000。

Liszt, Franz. “Berlioz und seine Harold-Symphonie,” in: Lina Ramann (ed.), Aus den Annalen des Fortschritts, Gesammelte Schriften von Franz Liszt IV, Leipzig: Breitkopf & Häetel, 1882, 3-102.

.〈白遼士和他的《哈羅德》交響曲〉，張洪島 等譯，《李斯特論白遼士與舒曼》(台北：世界文物出版社，1994)：11-109。

二、研究資料

辭典

Altenburg, Detlef. “Symphonische Dichtung,” in: Ludwig Finscher (ed.), Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart: Allgemeine Enzyklopadie der Musik, Stuttgart: Metzler, 1998, Sachteil 9, 153-168

Altenburg, Detlef and Axel Schröter (Werkverzeichnis). “Liszt, Franz,” in: Ludwig Finscher (ed.), Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart: Allgemeine Enzyklopadie der Musik, Stuttgart: Metzler, 2004, Personenteil 11, 203-311.

Finscher, Ludwig. “Symphonie,” in: Ludwig Finscher (ed.), Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart: Allgemeine Enzyklopadie der Musik, Stuttgart: Metzler, 1998, Sachteil 9, 16-153.

Macdonald, Hugh. “Symphonic Poem,” in: Stanley Sadie (ed.), The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 2nd ed., London: Macmillan, 2001, volume 24, 802-807.

Scruton, Roger. “Programme Music,” in: Stanley Sadie (ed.), The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 2nd ed., London: Macmillan, 2001, volume 20, 396-400.

Walker, Alan. “Liszt, Franz,” in: Stanley Sadie (ed.), The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 2nd ed., London: Macmillan, 2001, volume 14, 755-877.

中文論著

Hanslick, Eduard.《論音樂美─音樂美學的修改芻議》(Vom Musikalisch-Schönen)。陳慧珊 譯。台北：世界文物出版社，1997。

Morrison, Bryce.《偉大作曲家羣像：李斯特》(The Illustrated Lives of the Great Composers)。賴慈芸 譯。台北：智庫出版，1995。

林致平。《歌德：生平及其代表作》。台北：五洲出版社，1964。

侯浚吉。《歌德傳》。外國文化名人傳記7。台北：業強出版社，1992。

楊夢茹。《從憂鬱到豐美：歌德的精采人生》。台北：台灣商務印行館，2007。

羅基敏。〈人生旅途的一站「一首浮士德序曲」〉，《華格納之夜(II)──尼布龍
的指環》，節目單(台北：國家音樂廳，1991)：15-22。

。〈交響詩：無言的詩意〉，初安民主編，《詩與聲音》(台北：台北市政府文化局，2001)：133-150。

。〈馬勒研究與馬勒接受〉，羅基敏、梅樂亙編著，《少年魔號：馬勒的
詩意泉源》(台北：佳赫文化行銷，2010)：1-10。

外文論著

Barzun, Jacques. “Literature in Liszt’s Mind and Work,” in: Jack Sulllivan (ed.), Words on Music: from Addison to Barzun, Athens: Ohio University Press, 1990, 206-223.

Berlioz, Hector. Memoirs of Hector Berlioz. Annotated, and the translation revised by Ernest Newman. New York: Dover Publications, 1966.

Bonds, Mark Evan. After Beethoven: Imperatives of Originality in the Symphony. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996.

Burger, Ernst. Franz Liszt: A Chronicle of His Life in Pictures and Document, translated by Stewart Spencer, foreword by Alfred Brendel. Princeton: Princeton University
Press, 1989.

Dahlhaus, Carl. “Liszts Faust-Symphonie und die Krise der Symphonischen Form,” in: Über Symphonien. Beiträge zu einer musikalischen Gattung: Festschrift Walter Wiora zum 70. Geburtstag, Tutzing: Schneider, 1979, 129-139.

. Esthetics of Music. Translated by William W. Austin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.

. Nineteenth-Century Music. Translated by J. Bradford Robinson. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.

Dömling, Wolfgang. Franz Liszt und Seine Zeit. Grosse Komponisten und ihre Zeit. Laabe: Laaber-Verlag, 1998.

Hamilton, Kenneth. Liszt: Sonata in B Minor. Cambridge Music Handbooks. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

. “Liszt,” in: D. Kern Holoman (ed.), The Nineteenth-Century Symphony, New York: Schirmer Books, 1997, 142-162.

Larkin, David. “A Tale of Two Fausts: An Examination of Reciprocal Influence in the Responses of Liszt and Wagner to Goethe’s Faust,” in: Siobhán Donovan and Robin Elliott (ed.), Music and Literature in German Romanticism, New York: Camden House, 2004, 87-104.

Merrick, Paul. Revolution and Religion in the Music of Liszt. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

Newman, Ernest. “Faust in Music,” in: Musical Studies, 2nd ed., New York: Haskell House Publishers Ltd, 1969, 69-100.

. The Man Liszt: A Study of the Tragi-comedy of A Soul Divided Against Itself. New York: Taplinger Publishing Company, 1970.

Perényi, Eleanor. Liszt. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1974.

Pohl, Richard. “Liszts Faust-Symphonie,” in: Gesammelte Schriften über Musik und Musiker, 2 volumes, 2nd vol., Leipzig: Schlicke, 1883, 247-320.

Redepenning, Dorothea. Franz Liszt: Faust-Symphonie. Meisterwerke der Musik 46. München: Wilhelm Fink, 1988.

Searle, Humphrey. “Franz Liszt,” in: Robert Simpson (ed.), The Symphony, Baltimore: Penguin Books, 2 volumes, 1st vol., 1966, 262-274.

. The Music of Liszt. New York: Dover Publications, 1966.

Shulstad, Reeves. “Liszt’s Symphonic Poems and Symphonies,” in: Kenneth Hamilton (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Liszt, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005, 206-222.

Sitwell, Sacheverell. Liszt. New York: Dover Publication, 1967.

Stedman, Preston. The Symphony. 2nd ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1992.

Taylor, Ronald. Franz Liszt: The Man and the Musician. London: Grafton Books, 1987.

Wagner, Richard. My Life. Translated by Andrew Gray. Edited by Mary Whittall. New York: Da Capo Press, 1992.

Walker, Alan. “Liszt, Goethe, and the Faust” Symphony,” in: Gerald Chapple, Frederick Hall and Hans Schulte (ed.), The Romantic Tradition: German Literature and Music in the Nineteenth Century, Lanham: University Press of America, 1992, 245-261.

. Franz Liszt, 3 volumes, 2nd vol.: The Weimar Years, 1848-1861, New York: Cornell University Press, 1993.

Watson, Derek. Liszt. New York: Schirmer Books, 1989.

Williams, Adrian. Portrait of Liszt: by Himself and His Contemporaries. Oxford: Clarendon Press, New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.

期刊

洪力行。〈《浮士德的天譴》：白遼士對歌德《浮士德》之音樂改寫〉，《聯合文學》第一百七十八期(台北：聯合文學出版社，1999)：55-59。

莊裕安。〈李斯特的浮士德與梅菲斯特情節〉，《古典音樂》第三十五期(台北：古 典音樂雜誌社，1995)：106-133。

盧文雅。〈「永恆的女性」─論李斯特《浮士德交響曲》與《但丁交響曲》終曲中
的女性救贖角色〉，《關渡音樂學刊》第十一期(台北：國立台北藝術大學音
樂學院，2009)：113-139。

Harrison, Vernon. “Liszt’s Faust Symphony: A Psychological Interpretation,” Liszt Society Journal 4 (1979): 2-5.

Jensen, Eric Frederick. “Liszt, Nerval, and Faust,” 19th Century Music (v/2, 1981): 151-158.

Longyear, Rey M.. and Kate R. Covington. “Tonal and Harmonic Structures in Liszt’s Faust Symphony,” Studia Musicologica 28 (1986): 153-171.

Ott, Leonard W. “The Orchestration of the Faust Symphony,” Journal of the American Liszt Society 12 (Dec. 1982): 28-37.
Vazsonyi, Nicholas. “Liszt, Goethe, and the Faust Symphony,” Journal of the American Liszt Society 40 (July 1996): 1-23.

學位論文

沈雕龍。〈固定樂思：白遼士執念的樂音實踐〉。國立台灣師範大學碩士論文，2008。

陳怡文。〈理查‧史特勞斯三部早期音詩《馬克白》、《唐璜》與《死與淨化》之幻化〉。國立台灣師範大學碩士論文，2009。

陳慧玲。〈何謂「幻想變奏」？談理查‧史特勞斯的《堂吉訶德》〉。國立台灣師範大學碩士論文，2009。