國立臺灣師範大學博碩士論文全文系統

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

回結果列表

研究生：	曾話晴 Hwa-chin Tseng
論文名稱：	臺灣基督教會口譯活動初探 A Pilot Study on Church Interpreting in Taiwan
指導教授：	陳子瑋 Chen, Tze-Wei
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	翻譯研究所 Graduate Institute of Translation and Interpretation
論文出版年：	2009
畢業學年度：	97
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	159
中文關鍵詞：	教會口譯、口譯品質評價、口譯員角色期待、社區口譯、宗教口譯
英文關鍵詞：	church interpreting, quality expectation in interpreting, role expectation in interpreting, community interpreting, religious interpreting
論文種類：	學術論文
相關次數：	點閱：166 下載：22
分享至:	分享至facebook 分享至twitter

查詢本校圖書館目錄查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統勘誤回報

本研究為針對臺灣基督教會口譯活動之初探研究，旨在了解臺灣教會口譯現況之外，又探討教會口譯聽眾與教會口譯員對教會口譯品質與教會口譯員角色之看法，並比較其異同。研究亦以專業會議口譯員之觀感為比較標準，嘗試了解教會聽眾在教會口譯評量上的偏好，又查驗教會口譯是否能歸類於社區口譯。

由於教會口譯的相關研究稀少，加上過去口譯評量項目定義不明，因此本研究試著從聽眾、教會口譯員與專業會議口譯員之角度探討教會口譯的品質與口譯員角色。問卷設計以回答以下三大問題為主軸：1.臺灣基督教會口譯之現況，2.教會聽眾與教會口譯員對於教會口譯品質及角色的看法及其比較，3.教會聽眾與專業會議口譯員評斷教會口譯品質時有無顯著差異。

研究結果顯示教會口譯聽眾與教會口譯員在品質與角色的期待上大致相符，並比一般會議口譯之聽眾及口譯員更重視口譯員之「可靠」與「幫助者」角色，此與過去社區口譯研究之結果類似。兩組受試對象僅在較不為重視的項目上達到統計上顯著之差異，而聽眾與會議口譯員之口譯評量結果亦無任何顯著性差異。研究最後並整合教會聽眾與口譯員對教會口譯活動之建言，其中包括訓練、溝通、支持、回饋與口譯模式等面向。

This study is a preliminary attempt to explore the nature of church interpreting in Taiwan and to understand the views of and differences between church users' and church interpreters' expectations concerning church interpretation quality and church interpreter's role. It also checks for preferences in the church congregation's evaluation of church interpreting performances. Attempts are additionally made to test the hypothesis that church interpreting is a variant of community interpreting.

Motivated by the lack of literature on church interpreting and the disparity in the definitions of interpreting quality criteria, this study investigates the quality and role aspects of church interpreting from the perspectives of the users, the church interpreters, and the professional conference interpreters, the latter used as an benchmark for comparison. Questionnaires are designed to elicit feedbacks from the subjects and answer the questions: 1. What does church interpreting look like in Taiwan? 2. What are the church congregation's and church interpreters' expectations regarding church interpreting quality and church interpreters' role, and how do they compare? 3. Does the church congregation evaluate church interpreting significantly different from the professional conference interpreters?

The results of this study find the congregation and church interpreters generally in agreement concerning the quality and role aspects, and differ from the conference users and interpreters in their emphasis on the interpreter's reliability as well as his/her helper role, which is more in keeping with results from previous community interpreting research. Statistical differences are found only on the less stressed quality and role criteria. Users' quality assessment posed no significant disparity with that of the conference interpreters. Recommendations pertaining to the areas of training, communication, support, feedback, and interpretation modes are also presented.

Table of Contents ……………………………………………………….    iii
List of Tables ...................................................................................................    vii
List of Figures ………………………………………………………………   viii

Chapter One— Introduction
1.1 Research Background ………………………………………………..     1
1.1.1 Development of Interpreting Research ………………………...     1
1.1.2 History of the Protestant Church in Taiwan ……………………     2
1.1.3 Recent Statistics of the Protestant Church in Taiwan ………….     3
1.2 Research Scope… …………………………………………………….     4
1.3 Research Purpose …………………………………………………….     5
1.4 Research Method …………………………………………………….     5
1.5 Research Structure ……………………………………………………     6
1.6 Definition of Terminology ……………………………………………     7

Chapter Two— Literature Review
2.1 Speech Community …………………………………………………..     9
2.1.1 Chinese Christian Speech Community …………….…………..     10
2.2 History of Interpreting ………………………………………………..    13
2.2.1 General History …………………………………………………    14
2.2.2 In the Christian Setting …………………………………………    15
2.3 Types of Interpreting …………………………………………………    16
2.3.1 Interpreting by Mode …………………………………………..    17
2.3.2 Interpreting by Setting ………………………………………....    19
2.3.3 Community Interpreting ……………………………………….    22
2.4 Quality of Interpretation ………………………………………….….    24
2.4.1 Definition ………………………………………………………    25
2.4.2 Perspectives …………………………………………………….    26
2.4.2.1 Interpreter ………………………………………………    27
2.4.2.2 Users ……………………………………………………    29
2.4.2.2.1 Conference Interpreting ………………………    29
2.4.2.2.2 Community Interpreting ……………………..    32
2.4.3 Criteria ………………………………………………………….    33
2.4.4 Contexts Affecting the Perception of Quality ………………….    39
2.5 Role of Interpreter …………………………………………………....    41

Chapter Three— Methodology
3.1 Research Design ……………………………………………………...    44
3.2 Pilot Study ……………………………………………………………    46
3.2.1 Field Study & Internet Research ………………………………..    46
3.2.2 Questionnaire Pilot & Revision ...................................................    47
3.3 Questionnaires .......................................................................................    48
3.3.1 User Questionnaire .......................................................................    48
3.3.1.1 General Content ..............................................................    49
3.3.1.2 Quality Expectation ........................................................    50
3.3.1.3 Role Expectation ………………………………………    55
3.3.2 Quality Assessment …………………………………………….    55
3.3.3 Church Interpreter Questionnaire ................................................    58
3.3.4 Professional Conference Interpreter Questionnaire ....................    59
3.4 Subjects ................................................................................................    59
3.4.1 User ............................................................................................    59
3.4.2 Church Interpreter .......................................................................    59
3.4.3 Professional Conference Interpreter …………………………….    60
3.5 Procedure ……………………………………………………………..    60
3.5.1 User …………………………………………………………….    60
3.5.2 Church Interpreter ………………………………………………    62
3.5.3 Professional Conference Interpreter ………………………….    62
3.6 Data Analysis …………………………………………………………    63

Chapter Four— Results & Discussions
4.1 Questionnaire Returns …………………………………………………   64
4.2 Respondent Profile …………………………………………………….   65
4.2.1 Congregation/User ………………………………………………   65
4.2.1.1 Gender & Age …………………………………………..   65
4.2.1.2 Church Affiliation ………………………………………   66
4.2.1.3 Education & Occupation ………………………………..   66
4.2.1.4 Language Ability ………………………………………..   67
4.2.1.5 Church Interpreting Experience & Preference …………..   67
4.2.2 Church Interpreter ………………………………………………..   69
4.2.2.1 Gender & Age ……………………………………………   69
4.2.2.2 Church Affiliation ……………………………………….   70
4.2.2.3 Education & Occupation ………………………………..   71
4.2.2.4 Language Ability ……………………………………….   72
4.2.2.5 Interpreting Training & Experience …………………….   72
4.2.3 Professional Conference Interpreter………………………………   73
4.3 The Status Quo of Church Interpreting ……………………………….   74
4.4 Interpretation Quality Expectation …………………………………….   78
4.4.1 Users' Expectation of Interpretation Quality …………………….   78
4.4.2 Church Interpreters' Expectation of Interpretation Quality ………   80
4.4.3 Inter-group Comparison …………………………………………   80
4.4.3.1 Criteria with Similar Perceptions ……………………….   81
4.4.3.2 Criteria with Different Perceptions ……………………..   85
4.5 Interpretation Quality Assessment …………………………………….   89
4.5.1 Users' Assessment of Interpretation Quality …………………….   90
4.5.2 Professional Conference Interpreters' Assessment of
     Interpretation Quality ………………………………………….   90
4.5.3 Inter-group Comparison …………………………………………   91
4.6 Church Interpreter's Role Expectation …………………………………   93
4.6.1 Users' Expectation of Church Interpreter's Role …………………   93
4.6.2 Church Interpreters' Expectation of Church Interpreter's Role …..   96
4.6.3 Inter-group Comparison …………………………………………   98
4.6.3.1 Criteria with Similar Perceptions ………………….   98
4.6.3.2 Criteria with Different Perceptions ………………….   99
4.7 Qualitative Analysis of Church Interpreting ...………………………..   101
4.7.1 Feedbacks from Practitioners …………………………………..   101
4.7.2 Feedbacks from Users ……………………………………………  103
4.7.3 Recommendations ……………………………………………….  104
4.8 Summary of Findings ………………………………………………….  106

Chapter Five— Conclusions
5.1 Church Interpreting as Community Interpreting ………………………  108
5.2 Church Interpreting in Taiwan & Suggestions …………………………  109
5.3 Interpretation Quality Expectations ……………………………………  110
5.4 Interpretation Quality Assessment ……………………………………..  111
5.5 Expectations on the Role of Church Interpreters ………………………  112
5.6 Limitations and Recommendations for Future Studies ………………..  113
5.6.1 Interpretation Quality Expectation and Assessment ……………..  113
5.6.2 Perspectives & Scope ……………………………………………  114

References …………………………………………………………………….  116


Appendix
    Appendix 1: User Questionnaire (Chinese) ...................................................  123
    Appendix 2: Church Interpreter Questionnaire (Chinese) ............................  127
    Appendix 3: Church Interpreter Questionnaire (English) .............................  131
    Appendix 4: Professional Conference Interpreter Questionnaire (Chinese)..  136
    Appendix 5: List A (Chinese)………………………………….……………  138
Appendix 6: List A (English)………………………………….……………  139
    Appendix 7: List B (Chinese)………………………………….……………  141
    Appendix 8: List B (English)………………………………….……………  142
    Appendix 9: List C (Chinese)………………………………….……………  143
    Appendix 10 Transcription of Sermon Video Material..................................  144


List of Tables

Table 2.1 Interpreting Quality Criteria in Previous Studies ……………………..   37
Table 3.1 Subtypes of Church Interpreting Quality Criteria …………………   51
Table 3.2 Quality Criteria for Church Interpreting ………………………………   54
Table 3.3 Content of the Questionnaires ……………………………………….   57
Table 3.4 Statistical Tests Performed on the Questionnaires ……………………   63
Table 4.1 Respondent Profile—Users …………………………………………   68
Table 4.2 Respondent Profile—Church Interpreters ……………………………   72
Table 4.3 Respondent Profile—Professional Conference Interpreters …………..   74
Table 4.4 Nature of Service in Church Interpreting ……………………………..   77
Table 4.5 Subtypes of Church Interpreting Quality Criteria …………………….   78
Table 4.6 Church Interpreting Quality Expectations Comparison ………………   89
Table 4.7 Church Interpreting Quality Assessments Comparison………………..   92
Table 4.8 Church Interpreter's Role Expectations Comparison ………………..   101



List of Figures

Figure 2.1 Continuum of Consecutive Interpreting ……………………………..   19
Figure 2.2 Interpreting in Different Spheres of Social Interaction ……………..   21
Figure 2.3 Conceptual Spectrum of Interpreting ………………………………..   22
Figure 2.4 Perspectives on Quality in Interpreting ………………………………   27
Figure 2.5 Relationships in a Church Interpreter-mediated Event …………….   41
Figure 3.1 Research Procedure Flow-chart ……………………………………...   46
                                

All References
AIIC. (2004). Practical Guide for Professional Conference Interpreters. Geneva: AIIC.
(2006). Advice to Students wishing to become Conference Interpreters. Geneva: AIIC.
Aís, A.C. (1998). "Quality Assessment in Simultaneous Interpreting: the Importance of Nonverbal Communication," in F. Pöchhacker and M. Shlesinger (Eds.), The Interpreting Studies Reader. London: Routledge. pp. 327-342.
Alexieva, B. (1997). "Typology of Interpreter-Mediated Events," in The Translator: Studies in Intercultural Communication 3:2. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing. pp.153-174.
Bidoli, C. J. K. (2002). "Spoken-language and signed-language interpretation: Are they really so different?" in G. Garzone (Ed.) Interpreting in the 21st Century. Challenges and Opportunities. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, pp. 171-179.
Bowen, M. & Birnbaum, D. (1998). "Interpreting for Church, State, and the Public Schools," in The Jerome Quarterly 13:1, pp. 2, 12-13, 15.
Bühler, H. (1986). "Linguistic (semantic) and extra-linguistic (pragmatic) criteria for the evaluation of conference interpretation and interpreters," in Multilingua 5:4, pp. 231-235.
Chiaro, D., & Nocella, G. (2004). "Interpreters' Perception of Linguistic and Non-Linguistic Factors Affecting Quality: A Survey through the World Wide Web," in Meta, 40:2, pp. 278-293.
Chinese Regional Bishops Conference. (2009). Archdiocese Statistics. <http://www.catholic.org.tw/catholic/index.php> (15 Jul. 2009)
Chiow, L. (1989). 新編講道法 (Homiletics). Taipei: Chinese Christian Literature Council.
Chu, H. (1997). 台灣宗教變遷的社會政治分析 (A Sociopolitical Analysis of Religious Changes in Taiwan). Taipei: Laureate Books.
Chu, J., S. (2005). 1989~2005台灣基督教會教勢統計 (1995-2005 Church Growth Statistics). Taipei: Christian Resource Center. <http://www.ccea.org.tw/church/adlink/statics/2005/2005.htm> (01 Dec. 2008)
Chuang, J. (2000). 基督教聖經中文譯本：權威現象研究 (A Study of the phenomenon of authoritativeness in the Chinese translations of the protestant Bible). Hong Kong: Chinese Bible International.
Déjean le Féal, K. (1990). "Some Thoughts on the Evaluation of Simultaneous Interpretation', in D. Bowen & M. Bowen (Eds.), Interpreting—Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow. Binghamton NY: SUNY. pp.154-160.
Edwards, R. et al. (2005). "Users' experiences of interpreters: The critical role of trust," in Interpreting 7:1. pp. 77-95.
Fan, H. (2004). 走近心靈－如何向大陸人傳福音 (Larger picture. Reaching Out to Mainland Chinese). US: Overseas Campus.
Garzone, G. (2002). "Quality and norms in interpretation," in G. Garzone (Ed.), Interpreting in the 21st Century. Challenges and opportunities. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, pp. 107-119.
Gile, D. (1991). "A Communication-Oriented Analysis of Quality in Nonliterary Translation and Interpretation," in M. L. Larson (Ed.), American Translations Association Series: Translation Theory and Practice Vol. V, New York: State University of New York at Binghamton, pp. 188-200.
Grbić, N. (2008). "Constructing interpreting quality," in Interpreting 10:2. pp. 232-257.
Gumperz, J. J. (1986). "Introduction," in J. J. Gumperz & D. Hymes (Eds.), Directions in Sociolinguistic: The Ethnography of Communication. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 1-14.
Hale, S.B. (2008). Community Interpreting (Research and Practice in Applied Linguistics). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hermann, A (1956). "Interpreting in Antiquity," in F. Pöchhacker and M. Shlesinger (Eds.), The Interpreting Studies Reader. London: Routledge. pp. 15-20.
Huang, P. (1998). "神所要的是甚麼呢？ (What does the Lord Require?)," in Golden Lampstand. Hong Kong: Golden Lampstand Publishing Society. pp. 4-6.
Hymes, D. (2001). Foundations in Sociolinguistics: an enthographic approach, London: Routledge.
Jones, R. (1998). Conference Interpreting Explained. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing.
Ju, M. (1996). 從使用者觀點探討口譯品質與口譯員之角色 (A Study of Interpretation Quality and the Role of Interpreters from the User's Perspective). Taipei: Fu Jen Catholic University.
Kahane, E. (2000). "Thoughts on the Quality of Interpretation," in Communicate!, May 2000. Geneva: AIIC, <http://www.aiic.net/ViewPage.cfm/article117.htm> (24 Feb 2009)
Kalina, S. (2002). "Quality in interpreting and its prerequisites: A framework for a comprehensive view," in G. Garzone (Ed.), Interpreting in the 21st Century. Challenges and opportunities. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, pp. 121-130.
(2005). "Quality Assurance for Interpreting Processes," in Meta 50:2, pp. 768-783.
Kopczynski, A. (1994). "Quality in Conference Interpreting: Some Pragmatic Problems," in S. Lambert & B. Moser-Mercer (Eds.), Bridging the Gap: Empirical Research in Simultaneous Interpretation. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, pp. 87-99.
Kurz, I. (1993). "Conference interpretation: Expectations of different user
groups," in F. Pöchhacker and M. Shlesinger (Eds.), The Interpreting Studies Reader. London: Routledge. pp. 313-324.
(2001). "Conference interpreting: Quality in the ears of the user", in Meta
46:2, pp. 394-409.
Lee, C. (2001). 台灣基督教史 (History of Christianity in Taiwan). Taipei: Grace Publishing House.
Lee, H. (2000). Effects of Turn-Taking on the Audience in short consecutive Interpreting. Taipei: Fu Jen Catholic University.
Liu, H. (1999). 基督教術語入門 (Introduction to Christian Jargons). Taipei: Cosmic Care.
Liu, M. (1993). 逐步口譯與筆記 (Note-taking in Consecutive Interpreting: Theory, Practice and Pedagogy). Taipei: Fu Jen Catholic University Press.
Luo, M. (2008). 牧養主的YOUNG：青少年事工的重塑 (Pastoring God's Young: Re-establishing the Youth Ministry). Taipei: China Evangelical Seminary Press.
Macías, M.P. (2006). "Probing quality criteria in simultaneous interpreting: The role of silent pauses in fluency," in Interpreting 8:1, pp.25-43.
Mao, Y. (1994). Linguistic Analysis of Christian Registers. Taipei: National Taiwan University Press.
Meak, L. (1990). "Interprétation simultanée et congrès médical: attentes et commentaires," in The Interpreters' Newsletter 3, pp. 8-13.
Moser, P. (1996). "Expectations of users of conference interpretation," in Interpreting 1:2, pp.145-178.
Patrick, P.L.(2002). "The Speech Community," in J.K. Chambers, P. Trudgill & N. Schilling-Estes (Eds.), Handbook of language variation and change. Oxford: Blackwell.
Phelan, M. (2001). The Interpreter's Resource. Buffalo: Multilingual Matters.
Pöchhacker, F. (2001) "Quality Assessment in Conference and Community Interpreting," in Meta, 46:2, pp. 410-425.
(2002). "Researching Interpreting Quality: Models and Methods," in G. Garzone (Ed.), Interpreting in the 21st Century. Challenges and opportunities. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, pp. 95-106.
(2004). Introducing Interpreting Studies. New York: Routledge.
Riccardi, A. (2002). "Evaluation in interpretation: Macrocriteria and microcriteria," in E. Hung (Ed.), Teaching Translation and Interpreting 4: Building Bridges. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, pp. 115-126.
RID. (2005). NAD-RID Code of Professional Conduct. Virginia: RID.
(2007). Interpreting in Religious Settings. Virginia: RID.
Roy, C.B. (1993). "The Problem with Definitions, Descriptions, and the Role Metaphors of Interpreters," in F. Pöchhacker and M. Shlesinger (Eds.), The Interpreting Studies Reader. London: Routledge. pp. 344-353.
Russo, M. (2005). "Simultaneous film interpreting and users' feedback," in Interpreting 7:1, pp. 1-26.
Schmitz, K. (1974). Restitution of Meaning in Religious Speech. New Orleans: Society for Philosophy of Religion.
Shlesinger, M. et al. (1997). "Quality in Simultaneous Interpreting," in Y. Gambier, D. Gile, D. & Taylor, C. (Eds.), Conference Interpreting: Current Trends in Research. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. pp. 123-131.
Swanson, A.J. (1981). The Church in Taiwan: Profile 1980 —A Review of the Past, A Projection for the Future. Pasadena: William Carey Library.
Thiery, C. (1990). "The Sense of Situation in Conference Interpreting," in D. Bowen & M. Bowen (Eds.), Interpreting—Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow. Binghamton NY: SUNY, pp. 40-43.
Thiessen, C. (1998). "How the Bible has shaped the Western World," in Faith Today July/August, 1998. Canada: The Evangelical Fellowship of Canada.
Tong, S. (2009). Sermon at Grace Baptist Church (Apr. 29, 2009)
Webster. (1993). Webster Third-World Dictionary. Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster.
Wu, S. (1993). 認識聖經 (Knowing the Bible). Hong Kong: Religious Education Resource Centre.
Yeh, S. (2000). 探討短逐步口譯中非語言因素的意義與功能 (The Meaning and Functions of Nonverbal Elements in Short Consecutive Interpretation: An Initial Exploration). Taipei: Fu Jen Catholic University.
Zhou, Z., & Chen, Y. (2004). 口譯的理論與實踐 (The Theory and Practice of Interpreting). Taipei: The Commercial Press.
Zwischenberger, C. et al. (2008). "Quality and Role: The Professionals' View," in Communicate!, Fall 2008. Geneva: AIIC, <http://aiic.net/ViewPage.cfm/page3044.htm> (04 Jun 2009)

References in Chinese
朱才三。 (2005) 1989~2005台灣基督教會教勢統計。台北：基督教資料中心。
汝明麗。(1996) 從使用者觀點探討口譯品質與口譯員之角色。台北：輔仁大學翻譯學研究所。
吳繩武。 (1993) 認識聖經。香港：宗教教育中心。
李政隆。 (2001) 台灣基督教史。台北：天恩出版社。
周兆祥、陳育沾。 (2004) 口譯的理論與實踐。台北：商務。
周聯華。(1989) 新編講道法。台北：台灣基督教文藝出版社。
范學德。(2004) 走近心靈－如何向大陸人傳福音。美國：海外校園出版社。
莊柔玉。 (2000) 基督教聖經中文譯本：權威現象研究。香港：國際聖經協會。
葉舒白。(2000) 探討短逐步口譯中非語言因素的意義與功能。台北：輔仁大學翻譯學研究所。
劉曉亭。(1999) 基督教術語入門。台北：宇宙光。
劉敏華。(1993) 逐步口譯與筆記。台北：輔仁大學。
駱玫玲。(2008) 牧養主的YOUNG：青少年事工的重塑。台北：華神。
瞿海源。(1997) 台灣宗教變遷的社會政治分析。台北：桂冠。

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

相關論文