研究生: |
李明洋 Li, Ming-Yang |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
TRIP6透過YAP調控出生後小鼠側腦室-嗅球路逕上神經幹細胞的特性以及醫學上可能的應用 YAP Mediates TRIP6-Promoted Neural Stem Cell Maintenance in the Postnatal Mammalian Subventricular Zone-Olfactory Pathway and Its Applications |
指導教授: |
王慈蔚
Wang, Tsu-Wei |
學位類別: |
博士 Doctor |
系所名稱: |
生命科學系 Department of Life Science |
論文出版年: | 2019 |
畢業學年度: | 107 |
語文別: | 英文 |
論文頁數: | 183 |
中文關鍵詞: | 神經幹細胞 、出生後神經元新生 、TRIP6 、YAP 、ginkgolide B |
英文關鍵詞: | neural stem cells, postnatal neurogenesis, TRIP6, YAP, ginkgolide B |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/DIS.NTNU.SLS.004.2019.D01 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:170 下載:13 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
出生後的哺乳動物腦中有持續的神經元新生,分別發生在海馬迴齒狀迴,以及側腦室下區到嗅球的路徑上。報導指出內生性的神經幹細胞有治療腦傷或神經退化性疾病的潛力,研究調控神經幹細胞的因子和機制因此有醫學上的應用價值。已知神經幹細胞的特性受到多種因子調控,然而TRIP6、YAP以及銀杏萃取物ginkgolide B等對於出生後哺乳動物神經幹細胞的影響仍是未知的。TRIP6的蛋白質結構具有三個LIM區位,可以和多種蛋白質進行交互作用而調控細胞增生、存活及移動。我們發現TRIP6不表現在會移動的神經母細胞中,而表現在神經幹細胞中。TRIP6促進神經幹細胞的維持、增生,並且抑制分化。且促進神經幹細胞自我更新的Notch訊息傳遞路徑能被TRIP6活化。Hippo訊息傳遞路徑藉由抑制YAP來調控細胞增生,控制器官大小。我們發現TRIP6透過PP1A來抑制Hippo訊息傳遞路徑,活化YAP。並且TRIP6透過YAP來促進神經幹細胞的維持、增生,以及抑制分化。在神經幹細胞的分化上,我們則發現ginkgolide B透過Wnt訊息傳遞路徑促進神經元新生。我們這一系列的研究指出TRIP6透過YAP維持神經幹細胞的特性,而給予ginkgolide B則可以促進神經元新生。
Postnatal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone (SVZ)-olfactory bulb pathway in mammals is regulated by extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Since endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult brain have potential to treat neurodegenerative disorders, studying mechanisms regulating postnatal NSCs may provide clinical applications. However, the role of TRIP6, YAP and ginkgolide B in postnatal NSCs remain unclear. TRIP6 belongs to zyxin family of LIM proteins, which have been shown to interact with various proteins to regulate cell proliferation, survival and migration. We find that TRIP6 is expressed by adult NSCs in the SVZ but not migrating neuroblasts. TRIP6 is necessary and sufficient for self-renewal and proliferation of adult NSCs, but inhibits their differentiation. We also find that TRIP6 activates the Notch signaling, a pathway required for NSC self-renewal. Previous studies show that the Hippo pathway regulates cell proliferation and organ size through inhibiting YAP. We find that TRIP6 inhibits the Hippo pathway and activates YAP through PP1A. TRIP6 promotes NSC maintenance and proliferation and inhibits neuronal differentiation through YAP. During differentiation of NSCs, we also find that ginkgolide B promotes neurogenesis through the Wnt pathway. These findings show that YAP acts downstream of TRIP6 to promote adult NSC maintenance, whereas ginkgolide B promotes neurogenesis in the postnatal NSCs.
Chapter one:
Balordi, F., and Fishell, G. (2007). Mosaic removal of hedgehog signaling in the adult SVZ reveals that the residual wild-type stem cells have a limited capacity for self-renewal. J Neurosci 27, 14248-14259.
Batsche, E., Moschopoulos, P., Desroches, J., Bilodeau, S., and Drouin, J. (2005). Retinoblastoma and the related pocket protein p107 act as coactivators of NeuroD1 to enhance gene transcription. J Biol Chem 280, 16088-16095.
Chong, J.L., Tsai, S.Y., Sharma, N., Opavsky, R., Price, R., Wu, L., Fernandez, S.A., and Leone, G. (2009). E2f3a and E2f3b contribute to the control of cell proliferation and mouse development. Mol Cell Biol 29, 414-424.
Coskun, V., Wu, H., Blanchi, B., Tsao, S., Kim, K., Zhao, J., Biancotti, J.C., Hutnick, L., Krueger, R.C., Jr., Fan, G., et al. (2008). CD133+ neural stem cells in the ependyma of mammalian postnatal forebrain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105, 1026-1031.
Curtis, M.A., Penney, E.B., Pearson, A.G., van Roon-Mom, W.M., Butterworth, N.J., Dragunow, M., Connor, B., and Faull, R.L. (2003). Increased cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the adult human Huntington's disease brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100, 9023-9027.
Darsalia, V., Heldmann, U., Lindvall, O., and Kokaia, Z. (2005). Stroke-induced neurogenesis in aged brain. Stroke 36, 1790-1795.
Doetsch, F., Caille, I., Lim, D.A., Garcia-Verdugo, J.M., and Alvarez-Buylla, A. (1999). Subventricular zone astrocytes are neural stem cells in the adult mammalian brain. Cell 97, 703-716.
Doetsch, F., and Hen, R. (2005). Young and excitable: the function of new neurons in the adult mammalian brain. Curr Opin Neurobiol 15, 121-128.
Ehm, O., Goritz, C., Covic, M., Schaffner, I., Schwarz, T.J., Karaca, E., Kempkes, B., Kremmer, E., Pfrieger, F.W., Espinosa, L., et al. (2010). RBPJkappa-dependent signaling is essential for long-term maintenance of neural stem cells in the adult hippocampus. J Neurosci 30, 13794-13807.
Ernst, A., Alkass, K., Bernard, S., Salehpour, M., Perl, S., Tisdale, J., Possnert, G., Druid, H., and Frisen, J. (2014). Neurogenesis in the striatum of the adult human brain. Cell 156, 1072-1083.
Favaro, R., Valotta, M., Ferri, A.L., Latorre, E., Mariani, J., Giachino, C., Lancini, C., Tosetti, V., Ottolenghi, S., Taylor, V., et al. (2009). Hippocampal development and neural stem cell maintenance require Sox2-dependent regulation of Shh. Nat Neurosci 12, 1248-1256.
Firestein, S. (2001). How the olfactory system makes sense of scents. Nature 413, 211-218.
Gil-Perotin, S., Duran-Moreno, M., Cebrian-Silla, A., Ramirez, M., Garcia-Belda, P., and Garcia-Verdugo, J.M. (2013). Adult neural stem cells from the subventricular zone: a review of the neurosphere assay. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 296, 1435-1452.
Gritti, A., Bonfanti, L., Doetsch, F., Caille, I., Alvarez-Buylla, A., Lim, D.A., Galli, R., Verdugo, J.M., Herrera, D.G., and Vescovi, A.L. (2002). Multipotent neural stem cells reside into the rostral extension and olfactory bulb of adult rodents. J Neurosci 22, 437-445.
Groppe, J., Greenwald, J., Wiater, E., Rodriguez-Leon, J., Economides, A.N., Kwiatkowski, W., Affolter, M., Vale, W.W., Izpisua Belmonte, J.C., and Choe, S. (2002). Structural basis of BMP signalling inhibition by the cystine knot protein Noggin. Nature 420, 636-642.
Hindley, C., and Philpott, A. (2012). Co-ordination of cell cycle and differentiation in the developing nervous system. Biochem J 444, 375-382.
Hirabayashi, Y., Itoh, Y., Tabata, H., Nakajima, K., Akiyama, T., Masuyama, N., and Gotoh, Y. (2004). The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway directs neuronal differentiation of cortical neural precursor cells. Development 131, 2791-2801.
Hu, Q., Zhang, L., Wen, J., Wang, S., Li, M., Feng, R., Yang, X., and Li, L. (2010). The EGF receptor-sox2-EGF receptor feedback loop positively regulates the self-renewal of neural precursor cells. Stem Cells 28, 279-286.
Humpel, C. (2015). Organotypic brain slice cultures: A review. Neuroscience 305, 86-98.
Hur, E.M., and Zhou, F.Q. (2010). GSK3 signalling in neural development. Nat Rev Neurosci 11, 539-551.
Jessberger, S., Toni, N., Clemenson, G.D., Jr., Ray, J., and Gage, F.H. (2008). Directed differentiation of hippocampal stem/progenitor cells in the adult brain. Nat Neurosci 11, 888-893.
Jin, K., Peel, A.L., Mao, X.O., Xie, L., Cottrell, B.A., Henshall, D.C., and Greenberg, D.A. (2004). Increased hippocampal neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101, 343-347.
Jin, K., Wang, X., Xie, L., Mao, X.O., Zhu, W., Wang, Y., Shen, J., Mao, Y., Banwait, S., and Greenberg, D.A. (2006). Evidence for stroke-induced neurogenesis in the human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103, 13198-13202.
Julian, L.M., Vandenbosch, R., Pakenham, C.A., Andrusiak, M.G., Nguyen, A.P., McClellan, K.A., Svoboda, D.S., Lagace, D.C., Park, D.S., Leone, G., et al. (2013). Opposing regulation of Sox2 by cell-cycle effectors E2f3a and E2f3b in neural stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 12, 440-452.
Kim, S.J., Son, T.G., Park, H.R., Park, M., Kim, M.S., Kim, H.S., Chung, H.Y., Mattson, M.P., and Lee, J. (2008). Curcumin stimulates proliferation of embryonic neural progenitor cells and neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. J Biol Chem 283, 14497-14505.
Kopan, R., and Ilagan, M.X. (2009). The canonical Notch signaling pathway: unfolding the activation mechanism. Cell 137, 216-233.
Kovall, R.A., Gebelein, B., Sprinzak, D., and Kopan, R. (2017). The Canonical Notch Signaling Pathway: Structural and Biochemical Insights into Shape, Sugar, and Force. Dev Cell 41, 228-241.
Kuwabara, T., Hsieh, J., Muotri, A., Yeo, G., Warashina, M., Lie, D.C., Moore, L., Nakashima, K., Asashima, M., and Gage, F.H. (2009). Wnt-mediated activation of NeuroD1 and retro-elements during adult neurogenesis. Nat Neurosci 12, 1097-1105.
Li, Y., Zhuang, P., Shen, B., Zhang, Y., and Shen, J. (2012). Baicalin promotes neuronal differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells through modulating p-stat3 and bHLH family protein expression. Brain Res 1429, 36-42.
Lledo, P.M., Alonso, M., and Grubb, M.S. (2006). Adult neurogenesis and functional plasticity in neuronal circuits. Nat Rev Neurosci 7, 179-193.
Magavi, S.S., Mitchell, B.D., Szentirmai, O., Carter, B.S., and Macklis, J.D. (2005). Adult-born and preexisting olfactory granule neurons undergo distinct experience-dependent modifications of their olfactory responses in vivo. J Neurosci 25, 10729-10739.
Magnusson, J.P., Goritz, C., Tatarishvili, J., Dias, D.O., Smith, E.M., Lindvall, O., Kokaia, Z., and Frisen, J. (2014). A latent neurogenic program in astrocytes regulated by Notch signaling in the mouse. Science 346, 237-241.
Marques-Torrejon, M.A., Porlan, E., Banito, A., Gomez-Ibarlucea, E., Lopez-Contreras, A.J., Fernandez-Capetillo, O., Vidal, A., Gil, J., Torres, J., and Farinas, I. (2013). Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 controls adult neural stem cell expansion by regulating Sox2 gene expression. Cell Stem Cell 12, 88-100.
Ming, G.L., and Song, H. (2011). Adult neurogenesis in the mammalian brain: significant answers and significant questions. Neuron 70, 687-702.
Moreno, M.M., Linster, C., Escanilla, O., Sacquet, J., Didier, A., and Mandairon, N. (2009). Olfactory perceptual learning requires adult neurogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106, 17980-17985.
Paolella, B.R., Havrda, M.C., Mantani, A., Wray, C.M., Zhang, Z., and Israel, M.A. (2011). p53 directly represses Id2 to inhibit the proliferation of neural progenitor cells. Stem Cells 29, 1090-1101.
Park, D., Xiang, A.P., Mao, F.F., Zhang, L., Di, C.G., Liu, X.M., Shao, Y., Ma, B.F., Lee, J.H., Ha, K.S., et al. (2010). Nestin is required for the proper self-renewal of neural stem cells. Stem Cells 28, 2162-2171.
Pilz, G.A., Bottes, S., Betizeau, M., Jorg, D.J., Carta, S., Simons, B.D., Helmchen, F., and Jessberger, S. (2018). Live imaging of neurogenesis in the adult mouse hippocampus. Science 359, 658-662.
Qu, Q., Sun, G., Murai, K., Ye, P., Li, W., Asuelime, G., Cheung, Y.T., and Shi, Y. (2013). Wnt7a regulates multiple steps of neurogenesis. Mol Cell Biol 33, 2551-2559.
Ramalho-Santos, M., Yoon, S., Matsuzaki, Y., Mulligan, R.C., and Melton, D.A. (2002). "Stemness": transcriptional profiling of embryonic and adult stem cells. Science 298, 597-600.
Rimkus, T.K., Carpenter, R.L., Qasem, S., Chan, M., and Lo, H.W. (2016). Targeting the Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Pathway: Review of Smoothened and GLI Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 8.
Rockman, S.P., Currie, S.A., Ciavarella, M., Vincan, E., Dow, C., Thomas, R.J., and Phillips, W.A. (2001). Id2 is a target of the beta-catenin/T cell factor pathway in colon carcinoma. J Biol Chem 276, 45113-45119.
Ross, S.E., Greenberg, M.E., and Stiles, C.D. (2003). Basic helix-loop-helix factors in cortical development. Neuron 39, 13-25.
Sang, L., Coller, H.A., and Roberts, J.M. (2008). Control of the reversibility of cellular quiescence by the transcriptional repressor HES1. Science 321, 1095-1100.
Tanaka, S., Kamachi, Y., Tanouchi, A., Hamada, H., Jing, N., and Kondoh, H. (2004). Interplay of SOX and POU factors in regulation of the Nestin gene in neural primordial cells. Mol Cell Biol 24, 8834-8846.
Tsai, C.Y., Tsai, C.Y., Arnold, S.J., and Huang, G.J. (2015). Ablation of hippocampal neurogenesis in mice impairs the response to stress during the dark cycle. Nat Commun 6, 8373.
Wang, S., Sdrulla, A., Johnson, J.E., Yokota, Y., and Barres, B.A. (2001). A role for the helix-loop-helix protein Id2 in the control of oligodendrocyte development. Neuron 29, 603-614.
Wang, T.W., Zhang, H., and Parent, J.M. (2005). Retinoic acid regulates postnatal neurogenesis in the murine subventricular zone-olfactory bulb pathway. Development 132, 2721-2732.
Zhao, C., Deng, W., and Gage, F.H. (2008). Mechanisms and functional implications of adult neurogenesis. Cell 132, 645-660.
Chapter two:
Bai, C.Y., Ohsugi, M., Abe, Y., and Yamamoto, T. (2007). ZRP-1 controls Rho GTPase-mediated actin reorganization by localizing at cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesions. J Cell Sci 120, 2828-2837.
Beckerle, M.C. (1997). Zyxin: zinc fingers at sites of cell adhesion. Bioessays 19, 949-957.
Biedler, J.L., Roffler-Tarlov, S., Schachner, M., and Freedman, L.S. (1978). Multiple neurotransmitter synthesis by human neuroblastoma cell lines and clones. Cancer Res 38, 3751-3757.
Bylund, M., Andersson, E., Novitch, B.G., and Muhr, J. (2003). Vertebrate neurogenesis is counteracted by Sox1-3 activity. Nat Neurosci 6, 1162-1168.
Chastre, E., Abdessamad, M., Kruglov, A., Bruyneel, E., Bracke, M., Di Gioia, Y., Beckerle, M.C., van Roy, F., and Kotelevets, L. (2009). TRIP6, a novel molecular partner of the MAGI-1 scaffolding molecule, promotes invasiveness. FASEB J 23, 916-928.
Corotto, F.S., Henegar, J.A., and Maruniak, J.A. (1993). Neurogenesis persists in the subependymal layer of the adult mouse brain. Neurosci Lett 149, 111-114.
Ehm, O., Goritz, C., Covic, M., Schaffner, I., Schwarz, T.J., Karaca, E., Kempkes, B., Kremmer, E., Pfrieger, F.W., Espinosa, L., et al. (2010). RBPJkappa-dependent signaling is essential for long-term maintenance of neural stem cells in the adult hippocampus. J Neurosci 30, 13794-13807.
Englund, C., Fink, A., Lau, C., Pham, D., Daza, R.A., Bulfone, A., Kowalczyk, T., and Hevner, R.F. (2005). Pax6, Tbr2, and Tbr1 are expressed sequentially by radial glia, intermediate progenitor cells, and postmitotic neurons in developing neocortex. J Neurosci 25, 247-251.
Farah, M.H., Olson, J.M., Sucic, H.B., Hume, R.I., Tapscott, S.J., and Turner, D.L. (2000). Generation of neurons by transient expression of neural bHLH proteins in mammalian cells. Development 127, 693-702.
Ferri, A.L., Cavallaro, M., Braida, D., Di Cristofano, A., Canta, A., Vezzani, A., Ottolenghi, S., Pandolfi, P.P., Sala, M., DeBiasi, S., et al. (2004). Sox2 deficiency causes neurodegeneration and impaired neurogenesis in the adult mouse brain. Development 131, 3805-3819.
Gong, C., Wang, T.W., Huang, H.S., and Parent, J.M. (2007). Reelin regulates neuronal progenitor migration in intact and epileptic hippocampus. J Neurosci 27, 1803-1811.
Gotz, M., and Huttner, W.B. (2005). The cell biology of neurogenesis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6, 777-788.
Grandbarbe, L., Bouissac, J., Rand, M., Hrabe de Angelis, M., Artavanis-Tsakonas, S., and Mohier, E. (2003). Delta-Notch signaling controls the generation of neurons/glia from neural stem cells in a stepwise process. Development 130, 1391-1402.
Hadjipanayis, C.G., and Van Meir, E.G. (2009). Tumor initiating cells in malignant gliomas: biology and implications for therapy. J Mol Med (Berl) 87, 363-374.
Hatakeyama, J., Wakamatsu, Y., Nagafuchi, A., Kageyama, R., Shigemoto, R., and Shimamura, K. (2014). Cadherin-based adhesions in the apical endfoot are required for active Notch signaling to control neurogenesis in vertebrates. Development 141, 1671-1682.
Hevner, R.F., Shi, L., Justice, N., Hsueh, Y., Sheng, M., Smiga, S., Bulfone, A., Goffinet, A.M., Campagnoni, A.T., and Rubenstein, J.L. (2001). Tbr1 regulates differentiation of the preplate and layer 6. Neuron 29, 353-366.
Hsieh, J.J., Henkel, T., Salmon, P., Robey, E., Peterson, M.G., and Hayward, S.D. (1996). Truncated mammalian Notch1 activates CBF1/RBPJk-repressed genes by a mechanism resembling that of Epstein-Barr virus EBNA2. Mol Cell Biol 16, 952-959.
Johansson, C.B., Momma, S., Clarke, D.L., Risling, M., Lendahl, U., and Frisen, J. (1999). Identification of a neural stem cell in the adult mammalian central nervous system. Cell 96, 25-34.
Jones-Villeneuve, E.M., McBurney, M.W., Rogers, K.A., and Kalnins, V.I. (1982). Retinoic acid induces embryonal carcinoma cells to differentiate into neurons and glial cells. J Cell Biol 94, 253-262.
Jones-Villeneuve, E.M., Rudnicki, M.A., Harris, J.F., and McBurney, M.W. (1983). Retinoic acid-induced neural differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells. Mol Cell Biol 3, 2271-2279.
Kanungo, J., Pratt, S.J., Marie, H., and Longmore, G.D. (2000). Ajuba, a cytosolic LIM protein, shuttles into the nucleus and affects embryonal cell proliferation and fate decisions. Mol Biol Cell 11, 3299-3313.
Kiss, H., Kedra, D., Yang, Y., Kost-Alimova, M., Kiss, C., O'Brien, K.P., Fransson, I., Klein, G., Imreh, S., and Dumanski, J.P. (1999). A novel gene containing LIM domains (LIMD1) is located within the common eliminated region 1 (C3CER1) in 3p21.3. Hum Genet 105, 552-559.
Kriegstein, A., and Alvarez-Buylla, A. (2009). The glial nature of embryonic and adult neural stem cells. Annu Rev Neurosci 32, 149-184.
Lai, Y.J., Chen, C.S., Lin, W.C., and Lin, F.T. (2005). c-Src-mediated phosphorylation of TRIP6 regulates its function in lysophosphatidic acid-induced cell migration. Mol Cell Biol 25, 5859-5868.
Lai, Y.J., Lin, V.T., Zheng, Y., Benveniste, E.N., and Lin, F.T. (2010). The adaptor protein TRIP6 antagonizes Fas-induced apoptosis but promotes its effect on cell migration. Mol Cell Biol 30, 5582-5596.
Lai, Y.J., Lin, W.C., and Lin, F.T. (2007). PTPL1/FAP-1 negatively regulates TRIP6 function in lysophosphatidic acid-induced cell migration. J Biol Chem 282, 24381-24387.
Lee, J.W., Choi, H.S., Gyuris, J., Brent, R., and Moore, D.D. (1995). Two classes of proteins dependent on either the presence or absence of thyroid hormone for interaction with the thyroid hormone receptor. Mol Endocrinol 9, 243-254.
Li, L., Bin, L.H., Li, F., Liu, Y., Chen, D., Zhai, Z., and Shu, H.B. (2005). TRIP6 is a RIP2-associated common signaling component of multiple NF-kappaB activation pathways. J Cell Sci 118, 555-563.
Lin, V.T., Lin, V.Y., Lai, Y.J., Chen, C.S., Liu, K., Lin, W.C., and Lin, F.T. (2013). TRIP6 regulates p27 KIP1 to promote tumorigenesis. Mol Cell Biol 33, 1394-1409.
Lin, Y.T., Ding, J.Y., Li, M.Y., Yeh, T.S., Wang, T.W., and Yu, J.Y. (2012). YAP regulates neuronal differentiation through Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 318, 1877-1888.
Liu, H., and Zhang, S.C. (2011). Specification of neuronal and glial subtypes from human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 68, 3995-4008.
Luskin, M.B. (1993). Restricted proliferation and migration of postnatally generated neurons derived from the forebrain subventricular zone. Neuron 11, 173-189.
Lyu, J., Hu, Y., Xu, X., and Zhang, H. (2013). Dynamics of focal adhesions and reorganization of F-actin in VEGF-stimulated NSCs under varying differentiation states. J Cell Biochem 114, 1744-1759.
Malaguti, M., Nistor, P.A., Blin, G., Pegg, A., Zhou, X., and Lowell, S. (2013). Bone morphogenic protein signalling suppresses differentiation of pluripotent cells by maintaining expression of E-Cadherin. Elife 2, e01197.
Meng, W., and Takeichi, M. (2009). Adherens junction: molecular architecture and regulation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 1, a002899.
Ming, G.L., and Song, H. (2011). Adult neurogenesis in the mammalian brain: significant answers and significant questions. Neuron 70, 687-702.
Murthy, K.K., Clark, K., Fortin, Y., Shen, S.H., and Banville, D. (1999). ZRP-1, a zyxin-related protein, interacts with the second PDZ domain of the cytosolic protein tyrosine phosphatase hPTP1E. J Biol Chem 274, 20679-20687.
Petit, M.M., Mols, R., Schoenmakers, E.F., Mandahl, N., and Van de Ven, W.J. (1996). LPP, the preferred fusion partner gene of HMGIC in lipomas, is a novel member of the LIM protein gene family. Genomics 36, 118-129.
Ramalho-Santos, M., Yoon, S., Matsuzaki, Y., Mulligan, R.C., and Melton, D.A. (2002). "Stemness": transcriptional profiling of embryonic and adult stem cells. Science 298, 597-600.
Ross, S.E., Greenberg, M.E., and Stiles, C.D. (2003). Basic helix-loop-helix factors in cortical development. Neuron 39, 13-25.
Rousso, D.L., Pearson, C.A., Gaber, Z.B., Miquelajauregui, A., Li, S., Portera-Cailliau, C., Morrisey, E.E., and Novitch, B.G. (2012). Foxp-mediated suppression of N-cadherin regulates neuroepithelial character and progenitor maintenance in the CNS. Neuron 74, 314-330.
Seki, T., and Arai, Y. (1993). Highly polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM-H) is expressed by newly generated granule cells in the dentate gyrus of the adult rat. J Neurosci 13, 2351-2358.
Sheppard, S.A., and Loayza, D. (2010). LIM-domain proteins TRIP6 and LPP associate with shelterin to mediate telomere protection. Aging (Albany NY) 2, 432-444.
Shioda, N., Han, F., and Fukunaga, K. (2009). Role of Akt and ERK signaling in the neurogenesis following brain ischemia. Int Rev Neurobiol 85, 375-387.
Solaz-Fuster, M.C., Gimeno-Alcaniz, J.V., Casado, M., and Sanz, P. (2006). TRIP6 transcriptional co-activator is a novel substrate of AMP-activated protein kinase. Cell Signal 18, 1702-1712.
Spassky, N., Merkle, F.T., Flames, N., Tramontin, A.D., Garcia-Verdugo, J.M., and Alvarez-Buylla, A. (2005). Adult ependymal cells are postmitotic and are derived from radial glial cells during embryogenesis. J Neurosci 25, 10-18.
Takizawa, N., Smith, T.C., Nebl, T., Crowley, J.L., Palmieri, S.J., Lifshitz, L.M., Ehrhardt, A.G., Hoffman, L.M., Beckerle, M.C., and Luna, E.J. (2006). Supervillin modulation of focal adhesions involving TRIP6/ZRP-1. J Cell Biol 174, 447-458.
Tanigaki, K., Nogaki, F., Takahashi, J., Tashiro, K., Kurooka, H., and Honjo, T. (2001). Notch1 and Notch3 instructively restrict bFGF-responsive multipotent neural progenitor cells to an astroglial fate. Neuron 29, 45-55.
Wang, T.W., Stromberg, G.P., Whitney, J.T., Brower, N.W., Klymkowsky, M.W., and Parent, J.M. (2006). Sox3 expression identifies neural progenitors in persistent neonatal and adult mouse forebrain germinative zones. J Comp Neurol 497, 88-100.
Wang, T.W., Zhang, H., Gyetko, M.R., and Parent, J.M. (2011). Hepatocyte growth factor acts as a mitogen and chemoattractant for postnatal subventricular zone-olfactory bulb neurogenesis. Mol Cell Neurosci 48, 38-50.
Wang, T.W., Zhang, H., and Parent, J.M. (2005). Retinoic acid regulates postnatal neurogenesis in the murine subventricular zone-olfactory bulb pathway. Development 132, 2721-2732.
Wang, Y., and Gilmore, T.D. (2001). LIM domain protein Trip6 has a conserved nuclear export signal, nuclear targeting sequences, and multiple transactivation domains. Biochim Biophys Acta 1538, 260-272.
Widera, D., Mikenberg, I., Kaltschmidt, B., and Kaltschmidt, C. (2006). Potential role of NF-kappaB in adult neural stem cells: the underrated steersman? Int J Dev Neurosci 24, 91-102.
Williams, J.M., Chen, G.C., Zhu, L., and Rest, R.F. (1998). Using the yeast two-hybrid system to identify human epithelial cell proteins that bind gonococcal Opa proteins: intracellular gonococci bind pyruvate kinase via their Opa proteins and require host pyruvate for growth. Mol Microbiol 27, 171-186.
Worley, M.J., Nieman, G.S., Geddes, K., and Heffron, F. (2006). Salmonella typhimurium disseminates within its host by manipulating the motility of infected cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103, 17915-17920.
Wu, J.H., Han, Y.T., Yu, J.Y., and Wang, T.W. (2013). Pheromones from males of different familiarity exert divergent effects on adult neurogenesis in the female accessory olfactory bulb. Dev Neurobiol 73, 632-645.
Xu, J., Lai, Y.J., Lin, W.C., and Lin, F.T. (2004). TRIP6 enhances lysophosphatidic acid-induced cell migration by interacting with the lysophosphatidic acid 2 receptor. J Biol Chem 279, 10459-10468.
Xu, W., Baribault, H., and Adamson, E.D. (1998). Vinculin knockout results in heart and brain defects during embryonic development. Development 125, 327-337.
Yao, J., Mu, Y., and Gage, F.H. (2012). Neural stem cells: mechanisms and modeling. Protein Cell 3, 251-261.
Yi, J., and Beckerle, M.C. (1998). The human TRIP6 gene encodes a LIM domain protein and maps to chromosome 7q22, a region associated with tumorigenesis. Genomics 49, 314-316.
Ying, M., Wang, S., Sang, Y., Sun, P., Lal, B., Goodwin, C.R., Guerrero-Cazares, H., Quinones-Hinojosa, A., Laterra, J., and Xia, S. (2011). Regulation of glioblastoma stem cells by retinoic acid: role for Notch pathway inhibition. Oncogene 30, 3454-3467.
Zappone, M.V., Galli, R., Catena, R., Meani, N., De Biasi, S., Mattei, E., Tiveron, C., Vescovi, A.L., Lovell-Badge, R., Ottolenghi, S., et al. (2000). Sox2 regulatory sequences direct expression of a (beta)-geo transgene to telencephalic neural stem cells and precursors of the mouse embryo, revealing regionalization of gene expression in CNS stem cells. Development 127, 2367-2382.
Zhang, J., Woodhead, G.J., Swaminathan, S.K., Noles, S.R., McQuinn, E.R., Pisarek, A.J., Stocker, A.M., Mutch, C.A., Funatsu, N., and Chenn, A. (2010). Cortical neural precursors inhibit their own differentiation via N-cadherin maintenance of beta-catenin signaling. Dev Cell 18, 472-479.
Zhou, L., and Miller, C.A. (2006). Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, oxygen sensors and hypoxic induction of neurogenesis. Neurodegener Dis 3, 50-55.
Chapter three:
Aguirre, A., Rubio, M.E., and Gallo, V. (2010). Notch and EGFR pathway interaction regulates neural stem cell number and self-renewal. Nature 467, 323-327.
Basu-Roy, U., Bayin, N.S., Rattanakorn, K., Han, E., Placantonakis, D.G., Mansukhani, A., and Basilico, C. (2015). Sox2 antagonizes the Hippo pathway to maintain stemness in cancer cells. Nat Commun 6, 6411.
Basu-Roy, U., Seo, E., Ramanathapuram, L., Rapp, T.B., Perry, J.A., Orkin, S.H., Mansukhani, A., and Basilico, C. (2012). Sox2 maintains self renewal of tumor-initiating cells in osteosarcomas. Oncogene 31, 2270-2282.
Bond, A.M., Bhalala, O.G., and Kessler, J.A. (2012). The dynamic role of bone morphogenetic proteins in neural stem cell fate and maturation. Dev Neurobiol 72, 1068-1084.
Burns, K.A., Ayoub, A.E., Breunig, J.J., Adhami, F., Weng, W.L., Colbert, M.C., Rakic, P., and Kuan, C.Y. (2007). Nestin-CreER mice reveal DNA synthesis by nonapoptotic neurons following cerebral ischemia hypoxia. Cereb Cortex 17, 2585-2592.
Cai, H., and Xu, Y. (2013). The role of LPA and YAP signaling in long-term migration of human ovarian cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 11, 31.
Cai, J., Zhang, N., Zheng, Y., de Wilde, R.F., Maitra, A., and Pan, D. (2010). The Hippo signaling pathway restricts the oncogenic potential of an intestinal regeneration program. Genes Dev 24, 2383-2388.
Cao, X., Pfaff, S.L., and Gage, F.H. (2008). YAP regulates neural progenitor cell number via the TEA domain transcription factor. Genes Dev 22, 3320-3334.
Chen, H.J., Wang, C.M., Wang, T.W., Liaw, G.J., Hsu, T.H., Lin, T.H., and Yu, J.Y. (2011). The Hippo pathway controls polar cell fate through Notch signaling during Drosophila oogenesis. Dev Biol 357, 370-379.
Das Thakur, M., Feng, Y., Jagannathan, R., Seppa, M.J., Skeath, J.B., and Longmore, G.D. (2010). Ajuba LIM proteins are negative regulators of the Hippo signaling pathway. Curr Biol 20, 657-662.
Daynac, M., Tirou, L., Faure, H., Mouthon, M.A., Gauthier, L.R., Hahn, H., Boussin, F.D., and Ruat, M. (2016). Hedgehog Controls Quiescence and Activation of Neural Stem Cells in the Adult Ventricular-Subventricular Zone. Stem Cell Reports 7, 735-748.
Deng, W., Aimone, J.B., and Gage, F.H. (2010). New neurons and new memories: how does adult hippocampal neurogenesis affect learning and memory? Nat Rev Neurosci 11, 339-350.
Dutta, S., Mana-Capelli, S., Paramasivam, M., Dasgupta, I., Cirka, H., Billiar, K., and McCollum, D. (2018). TRIP6 inhibits Hippo signaling in response to tension at adherens junctions. EMBO Rep 19, 337-350.
Falk, A., and Frisen, J. (2002). Amphiregulin is a mitogen for adult neural stem cells. J Neurosci Res 69, 757-762.
Farah, M.H., Olson, J.M., Sucic, H.B., Hume, R.I., Tapscott, S.J., and Turner, D.L. (2000). Generation of neurons by transient expression of neural bHLH proteins in mammalian cells. Development 127, 693-702.
Fernandez, L.A., Northcott, P.A., Dalton, J., Fraga, C., Ellison, D., Angers, S., Taylor, M.D., and Kenney, A.M. (2009). YAP1 is amplified and up-regulated in hedgehog-associated medulloblastomas and mediates Sonic hedgehog-driven neural precursor proliferation. Genes Dev 23, 2729-2741.
Garcia, A.D., Doan, N.B., Imura, T., Bush, T.G., and Sofroniew, M.V. (2004). GFAP-expressing progenitors are the principal source of constitutive neurogenesis in adult mouse forebrain. Nat Neurosci 7, 1233-1241.
Hsu, T.H., Yang, C.Y., Yeh, T.H., Huang, Y.C., Wang, T.W., and Yu, J.Y. (2017). The Hippo pathway acts downstream of the Hedgehog signaling to regulate follicle stem cell maintenance in the Drosophila ovary. Sci Rep 7, 4480.
Huang, J., and Kalderon, D. (2014). Coupling of Hedgehog and Hippo pathways promotes stem cell maintenance by stimulating proliferation. J Cell Biol 205, 325-338.
Huang, Z., Sun, D., Hu, J.X., Tang, F.L., Lee, D.H., Wang, Y., Hu, G., Zhu, X.J., Zhou, J., Mei, L., et al. (2016a). Neogenin Promotes BMP2 Activation of YAP and Smad1 and Enhances Astrocytic Differentiation in Developing Mouse Neocortex. J Neurosci 36, 5833-5849.
Huang, Z., Wang, Y., Hu, G., Zhou, J., Mei, L., and Xiong, W.C. (2016b). YAP Is a Critical Inducer of SOCS3, Preventing Reactive Astrogliosis. Cereb Cortex 26, 2299-2310.
Imajo, M., Miyatake, K., Iimura, A., Miyamoto, A., and Nishida, E. (2012). A molecular mechanism that links Hippo signalling to the inhibition of Wnt/beta-catenin signalling. EMBO J 31, 1109-1122.
Karpowicz, P., Perez, J., and Perrimon, N. (2010). The Hippo tumor suppressor pathway regulates intestinal stem cell regeneration. Development 137, 4135-4145.
Kuwabara, T., Hsieh, J., Muotri, A., Yeo, G., Warashina, M., Lie, D.C., Moore, L., Nakashima, K., Asashima, M., and Gage, F.H. (2009). Wnt-mediated activation of NeuroD1 and retro-elements during adult neurogenesis. Nat Neurosci 12, 1097-1105.
Lai, Y.J., Li, M.Y., Yang, C.Y., Huang, K.H., Tsai, J.C., and Wang, T.W. (2014). TRIP6 regulates neural stem cell maintenance in the postnatal mammalian subventricular zone. Dev Dyn 243, 1130-1142.
Lai, Y.J., Lin, V.T., Zheng, Y., Benveniste, E.N., and Lin, F.T. (2010). The adaptor protein TRIP6 antagonizes Fas-induced apoptosis but promotes its effect on cell migration. Mol Cell Biol 30, 5582-5596.
Lavado, A., He, Y., Pare, J., Neale, G., Olson, E.N., Giovannini, M., and Cao, X. (2013). Tumor suppressor Nf2 limits expansion of the neural progenitor pool by inhibiting Yap/Taz transcriptional coactivators. Development 140, 3323-3334.
Lian, I., Kim, J., Okazawa, H., Zhao, J., Zhao, B., Yu, J., Chinnaiyan, A., Israel, M.A., Goldstein, L.S., Abujarour, R., et al. (2010). The role of YAP transcription coactivator in regulating stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Genes Dev 24, 1106-1118.
Lie, D.C., Colamarino, S.A., Song, H.J., Desire, L., Mira, H., Consiglio, A., Lein, E.S., Jessberger, S., Lansford, H., Dearie, A.R., et al. (2005). Wnt signalling regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Nature 437, 1370-1375.
Lin, V.T., and Lin, F.T. (2011). TRIP6: an adaptor protein that regulates cell motility, antiapoptotic signaling and transcriptional activity. Cell Signal 23, 1691-1697.
Lin, Y.T., Ding, J.Y., Li, M.Y., Yeh, T.S., Wang, T.W., and Yu, J.Y. (2012). YAP regulates neuronal differentiation through Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 318, 1877-1888.
Lv, X.B., Liu, C.Y., Wang, Z., Sun, Y.P., Xiong, Y., Lei, Q.Y., and Guan, K.L. (2015). PARD3 induces TAZ activation and cell growth by promoting LATS1 and PP1 interaction. EMBO Rep 16, 975-985.
McBurney, M.W. (1993). P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. Int J Dev Biol 37, 135-140.
Mindos, T., Dun, X.P., North, K., Doddrell, R.D., Schulz, A., Edwards, P., Russell, J., Gray, B., Roberts, S.L., Shivane, A., et al. (2017). Merlin controls the repair capacity of Schwann cells after injury by regulating Hippo/YAP activity. J Cell Biol 216, 495-510.
Ming, G.L., and Song, H. (2011). Adult neurogenesis in the mammalian brain: significant answers and significant questions. Neuron 70, 687-702.
Moreno, M.M., Linster, C., Escanilla, O., Sacquet, J., Didier, A., and Mandairon, N. (2009). Olfactory perceptual learning requires adult neurogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106, 17980-17985.
Palma, V., Lim, D.A., Dahmane, N., Sanchez, P., Brionne, T.C., Herzberg, C.D., Gitton, Y., Carleton, A., Alvarez-Buylla, A., and Ruiz i Altaba, A. (2005). Sonic hedgehog controls stem cell behavior in the postnatal and adult brain. Development 132, 335-344.
Park, R., Moon, U.Y., Park, J.Y., Hughes, L.J., Johnson, R.L., Cho, S.H., and Kim, S. (2016). Yap is required for ependymal integrity and is suppressed in LPA-induced hydrocephalus. Nat Commun 7, 10329.
Qiao, Y., Chen, J., Lim, Y.B., Finch-Edmondson, M.L., Seshachalam, V.P., Qin, L., Jiang, T., Low, B.C., Singh, H., Lim, C.T., et al. (2017). YAP Regulates Actin Dynamics through ARHGAP29 and Promotes Metastasis. Cell Rep 19, 1495-1502.
Ramos, A., and Camargo, F.D. (2012). The Hippo signaling pathway and stem cell biology. Trends Cell Biol 22, 339-346.
Rauskolb, C., Pan, G., Reddy, B.V., Oh, H., and Irvine, K.D. (2011). Zyxin links fat signaling to the hippo pathway. PLoS Biol 9, e1000624.
Rawat, S.J., Araiza-Olivera, D., Arias-Romero, L.E., Villamar-Cruz, O., Prudnikova, T.Y., Roder, H., and Chernoff, J. (2016). H-ras Inhibits the Hippo Pathway by Promoting Mst1/Mst2 Heterodimerization. Curr Biol 26, 1556-1563.
Reddy, B.V., and Irvine, K.D. (2013). Regulation of Hippo signaling by EGFR-MAPK signaling through Ajuba family proteins. Dev Cell 24, 459-471.
Ren, F., Wang, B., Yue, T., Yun, E.Y., Ip, Y.T., and Jiang, J. (2010). Hippo signaling regulates Drosophila intestine stem cell proliferation through multiple pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107, 21064-21069.
Reynolds, B.A., and Weiss, S. (1992). Generation of neurons and astrocytes from isolated cells of the adult mammalian central nervous system. Science 255, 1707-1710.
Santarelli, L., Saxe, M., Gross, C., Surget, A., Battaglia, F., Dulawa, S., Weisstaub, N., Lee, J., Duman, R., Arancio, O., et al. (2003). Requirement of hippocampal neurogenesis for the behavioral effects of antidepressants. Science 301, 805-809.
Serinagaoglu, Y., Pare, J., Giovannini, M., and Cao, X. (2015). Nf2-Yap signaling controls the expansion of DRG progenitors and glia during DRG development. Dev Biol 398, 97-109.
Suh, H., Consiglio, A., Ray, J., Sawai, T., D'Amour, K.A., and Gage, F.H. (2007). In vivo fate analysis reveals the multipotent and self-renewal capacities of Sox2+ neural stem cells in the adult hippocampus. Cell Stem Cell 1, 515-528.
Sun, G., and Irvine, K.D. (2013). Ajuba family proteins link JNK to Hippo signaling. Sci Signal 6, ra81.
Wang, P., Bai, Y., Song, B., Wang, Y., Liu, D., Lai, Y., Bi, X., and Yuan, Z. (2011). PP1A-mediated dephosphorylation positively regulates YAP2 activity. PLoS One 6, e24288.
Wang, T.W., Zhang, H., and Parent, J.M. (2005). Retinoic acid regulates postnatal neurogenesis in the murine subventricular zone-olfactory bulb pathway. Development 132, 2721-2732.
Wu, J.H., Han, Y.T., Yu, J.Y., and Wang, T.W. (2013). Pheromones from males of different familiarity exert divergent effects on adult neurogenesis in the female accessory olfactory bulb. Dev Neurobiol 73, 632-645.
Xu, J., Lai, Y.J., Lin, W.C., and Lin, F.T. (2004). TRIP6 enhances lysophosphatidic acid-induced cell migration by interacting with the lysophosphatidic acid 2 receptor. J Biol Chem 279, 10459-10468.
Zhang, H., Deo, M., Thompson, R.C., Uhler, M.D., and Turner, D.L. (2012). Negative regulation of Yap during neuronal differentiation. Dev Biol 361, 103-115.
Zhang, J., Ji, J.Y., Yu, M., Overholtzer, M., Smolen, G.A., Wang, R., Brugge, J.S., Dyson, N.J., and Haber, D.A. (2009). YAP-dependent induction of amphiregulin identifies a non-cell-autonomous component of the Hippo pathway. Nat Cell Biol 11, 1444-1450.
Zhang, N., Bai, H., David, K.K., Dong, J., Zheng, Y., Cai, J., Giovannini, M., Liu, P., Anders, R.A., and Pan, D. (2010). The Merlin/NF2 tumor suppressor functions through the YAP oncoprotein to regulate tissue homeostasis in mammals. Dev Cell 19, 27-38.
Zhao, B., Tumaneng, K., and Guan, K.L. (2011). The Hippo pathway in organ size control, tissue regeneration and stem cell self-renewal. Nat Cell Biol 13, 877-883.
Zhao, B., Ye, X., Yu, J., Li, L., Li, W., Li, S., Yu, J., Lin, J.D., Wang, C.Y., Chinnaiyan, A.M., et al. (2008). TEAD mediates YAP-dependent gene induction and growth control. Genes Dev 22, 1962-1971.
Chapter four:
Aguirre, A., Rubio, M.E., and Gallo, V. (2010). Notch and EGFR pathway interaction regulates neural stem cell number and self-renewal. Nature 467, 323-327.
Chen, Y., Wang, C., Hu, M., Pan, J., Chen, J., Duan, P., Zhai, T., Ding, J., and Xu, C. (2012). Effects of ginkgolide A on okadaic acid-induced tau hyperphosphorylation and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in N2a cells. Planta Med 78, 1337-1341.
Curtis, M.A., Penney, E.B., Pearson, A.G., van Roon-Mom, W.M., Butterworth, N.J., Dragunow, M., Connor, B., and Faull, R.L. (2003). Increased cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the adult human Huntington's disease brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100, 9023-9027.
Darsalia, V., Heldmann, U., Lindvall, O., and Kokaia, Z. (2005). Stroke-induced neurogenesis in aged brain. Stroke 36, 1790-1795.
DeFeudis, F.V., and Drieu, K. (2000). Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) and CNS functions: basic studies and clinical applications. Curr Drug Targets 1, 25-58.
Doi, H., Sato, K., Shindou, H., Sumi, K., Koyama, H., Hosoya, T., Watanabe, Y., Ishii, S., Tsukada, H., Nakanishi, K., et al. (2016). Blood-brain barrier permeability of ginkgolide: Comparison of the behavior of PET probes 7alpha-[(18)F]fluoro- and 10-O-p-[(11)C]methylbenzyl ginkgolide B in monkey and rat brains. Bioorg Med Chem 24, 5148-5157.
Ernst, A., Alkass, K., Bernard, S., Salehpour, M., Perl, S., Tisdale, J., Possnert, G., Druid, H., and Frisen, J. (2014). Neurogenesis in the striatum of the adult human brain. Cell 156, 1072-1083.
Farah, M.H., Olson, J.M., Sucic, H.B., Hume, R.I., Tapscott, S.J., and Turner, D.L. (2000). Generation of neurons by transient expression of neural bHLH proteins in mammalian cells. Development 127, 693-702.
Goldsmit, Y., Erlich, S., and Pinkas-Kramarski, R. (2001). Neuregulin induces sustained reactive oxygen species generation to mediate neuronal differentiation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 21, 753-769.
Gritti, A., Parati, E.A., Cova, L., Frolichsthal, P., Galli, R., Wanke, E., Faravelli, L., Morassutti, D.J., Roisen, F., Nickel, D.D., et al. (1996). Multipotential stem cells from the adult mouse brain proliferate and self-renew in response to basic fibroblast growth factor. J Neurosci 16, 1091-1100.
Jin, K., Peel, A.L., Mao, X.O., Xie, L., Cottrell, B.A., Henshall, D.C., and Greenberg, D.A. (2004). Increased hippocampal neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101, 343-347.
Jin, K., Wang, X., Xie, L., Mao, X.O., Zhu, W., Wang, Y., Shen, J., Mao, Y., Banwait, S., and Greenberg, D.A. (2006). Evidence for stroke-induced neurogenesis in the human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103, 13198-13202.
Jones-Villeneuve, E.M., McBurney, M.W., Rogers, K.A., and Kalnins, V.I. (1982). Retinoic acid induces embryonal carcinoma cells to differentiate into neurons and glial cells. J Cell Biol 94, 253-262.
Kim, S.J., Son, T.G., Park, H.R., Park, M., Kim, M.S., Kim, H.S., Chung, H.Y., Mattson, M.P., and Lee, J. (2008). Curcumin stimulates proliferation of embryonic neural progenitor cells and neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. J Biol Chem 283, 14497-14505.
Konopka, R., Kubala, L., Lojek, A., and Pachernik, J. (2008). Alternation of retinoic acid induced neural differentiation of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells by reduction of reactive oxygen species intracellular production. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 29, 770-774.
Kuwabara, T., Hsieh, J., Muotri, A., Yeo, G., Warashina, M., Lie, D.C., Moore, L., Nakashima, K., Asashima, M., and Gage, F.H. (2009). Wnt-mediated activation of NeuroD1 and retro-elements during adult neurogenesis. Nat Neurosci 12, 1097-1105.
Lai, Y.J., Li, M.Y., Yang, C.Y., Huang, K.H., Tsai, J.C., and Wang, T.W. (2014). TRIP6 regulates neural stem cell maintenance in the postnatal mammalian subventricular zone. Dev Dyn 243, 1130-1142.
Li, Y., Zhuang, P., Shen, B., Zhang, Y., and Shen, J. (2012). Baicalin promotes neuronal differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells through modulating p-stat3 and bHLH family protein expression. Brain Res 1429, 36-42.
Li, Z., Theus, M.H., and Wei, L. (2006). Role of ERK 1/2 signaling in neuronal differentiation of cultured embryonic stem cells. Dev Growth Differ 48, 513-523.
Lie, D.C., Colamarino, S.A., Song, H.J., Desire, L., Mira, H., Consiglio, A., Lein, E.S., Jessberger, S., Lansford, H., Dearie, A.R., et al. (2005). Wnt signalling regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Nature 437, 1370-1375.
Limoli, C.L., Rola, R., Giedzinski, E., Mantha, S., Huang, T.T., and Fike, J.R. (2004). Cell-density-dependent regulation of neural precursor cell function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101, 16052-16057.
Lin, Y.T., Ding, J.Y., Li, M.Y., Yeh, T.S., Wang, T.W., and Yu, J.Y. (2012). YAP regulates neuronal differentiation through Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 318, 1877-1888.
Liu, M., Guo, J., Wang, J., Zhang, L., Pang, T., and Liao, H. (2014). Bilobalide induces neuronal differentiation of P19 embryonic carcinoma cells via activating Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Cell Mol Neurobiol 34, 913-923.
Liu, X., Sun, W., Zhao, Y., Chen, B., Wu, W., Bao, L., and Qi, R. (2015). Ginkgolide B Inhibits JAM-A, Cx43, and VE-Cadherin Expression and Reduces Monocyte Transmigration in Oxidized LDL-Stimulated Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2015, 907926.
Lustig, B., Jerchow, B., Sachs, M., Weiler, S., Pietsch, T., Karsten, U., van de Wetering, M., Clevers, H., Schlag, P.M., Birchmeier, W., et al. (2002). Negative feedback loop of Wnt signaling through upregulation of conductin/axin2 in colorectal and liver tumors. Mol Cell Biol 22, 1184-1193.
Ma, J., Yu, Z., Qu, W., Tang, Y., Zhan, Y., Ding, C., Wang, W., and Xie, M. (2010). Proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells are selectively regulated by knockout of cyclin D1. J Mol Neurosci 42, 35-43.
Magnusson, J.P., Goritz, C., Tatarishvili, J., Dias, D.O., Smith, E.M., Lindvall, O., Kokaia, Z., and Frisen, J. (2014). A latent neurogenic program in astrocytes regulated by Notch signaling in the mouse. Science 346, 237-241.
Mazza, M., Capuano, A., Bria, P., and Mazza, S. (2006). Ginkgo biloba and donepezil: a comparison in the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia in a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study. Eur J Neurol 13, 981-985.
McBurney, M.W. (1993). P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. Int J Dev Biol 37, 135-140.
Mdzinarishvili, A., Sumbria, R., Lang, D., and Klein, J. (2012). Ginkgo extract EGb761 confers neuroprotection by reduction of glutamate release in ischemic brain. J Pharm Pharm Sci 15, 94-102.
Ming, G.L., and Song, H. (2011). Adult neurogenesis in the mammalian brain: significant answers and significant questions. Neuron 70, 687-702.
Ohnuma, S., and Harris, W.A. (2003). Neurogenesis and the cell cycle. Neuron 40, 199-208.
Oskouei, D.S., Rikhtegar, R., Hashemilar, M., Sadeghi-Bazargani, H., Sharifi-Bonab, M., Sadeghi-Hokmabadi, E., Zarrintan, S., and Sharifipour, E. (2013). The effect of Ginkgo biloba on functional outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 22, e557-563.
Ostenfeld, T., and Svendsen, C.N. (2004). Requirement for neurogenesis to proceed through the division of neuronal progenitors following differentiation of epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor-2-responsive human neural stem cells. Stem Cells 22, 798-811.
Pereira, L., Font-Nieves, M., Van den Haute, C., Baekelandt, V., Planas, A.M., and Pozas, E. (2015). IL-10 regulates adult neurogenesis by modulating ERK and STAT3 activity. Front Cell Neurosci 9, 57.
Shi, C., Wu, F., Yew, D.T., Xu, J., and Zhu, Y. (2010). Bilobalide prevents apoptosis through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. Apoptosis 15, 715-727.
Shif, O., Gillette, K., Damkaoutis, C.M., Carrano, C., Robbins, S.J., and Hoffman, J.R. (2006). Effects of Ginkgo biloba administered after spatial learning on water maze and radial arm maze performance in young adult rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 84, 17-25.
Silberstein, R.B., Pipingas, A., Song, J., Camfield, D.A., Nathan, P.J., and Stough, C. (2011). Examining brain-cognition effects of ginkgo biloba extract: brain activation in the left temporal and left prefrontal cortex in an object working memory task. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011, 164139.
Song, Y., Zeng, Z., Jin, C., Zhang, J., Ding, B., and Zhang, F. (2013). Protective effect of ginkgolide B against acute spinal cord injury in rats and its correlation with the Jak/STAT signaling pathway. Neurochem Res 38, 610-619.
Stackman, R.W., Eckenstein, F., Frei, B., Kulhanek, D., Nowlin, J., and Quinn, J.F. (2003). Prevention of age-related spatial memory deficits in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by chronic Ginkgo biloba treatment. Exp Neurol 184, 510-520.
Sun, L., Zhuang, W., Xu, X., Yang, J., Teng, J., and Zhang, F. (2013). The effect of injection of EGb 761 into the lateral ventricle on hippocampal cell apoptosis and stem cell stimulation in situ of the ischemic/reperfusion rat model. Neurosci Lett 555, 123-128.
Tang, Y., Huang, B., Sun, L., Peng, X., Chen, X., and Zou, X. (2011). Ginkgolide B promotes proliferation and functional activities of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells: involvement of Akt/eNOS and MAPK/p38 signaling pathways. Eur Cell Mater 21, 459-469.
Tchantchou, F., Lacor, P.N., Cao, Z., Lao, L., Hou, Y., Cui, C., Klein, W.L., and Luo, Y. (2009). Stimulation of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis by bilobalide and quercetin via common final pathway in hippocampal neurons. J Alzheimers Dis 18, 787-798.
Tchantchou, F., Xu, Y., Wu, Y., Christen, Y., and Luo, Y. (2007). EGb 761 enhances adult hippocampal neurogenesis and phosphorylation of CREB in transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. FASEB J 21, 2400-2408.
Vieira, H.L., Alves, P.M., and Vercelli, A. (2011). Modulation of neuronal stem cell differentiation by hypoxia and reactive oxygen species. Prog Neurobiol 93, 444-455.
Vitolo, O., Gong, B., Cao, Z., Ishii, H., Jaracz, S., Nakanishi, K., Arancio, O., Dzyuba, S.V., Lefort, R., and Shelanski, M. (2009). Protection against beta-amyloid induced abnormal synaptic function and cell death by Ginkgolide J. Neurobiol Aging 30, 257-265.
Wang, T.W., Zhang, H., and Parent, J.M. (2005). Retinoic acid regulates postnatal neurogenesis in the murine subventricular zone-olfactory bulb pathway. Development 132, 2721-2732.
Xiao, Q., Wang, C., Li, J., Hou, Q., Li, J., Ma, J., Wang, W., and Wang, Z. (2010). Ginkgolide B protects hippocampal neurons from apoptosis induced by beta-amyloid 25-35 partly via up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Eur J Pharmacol 647, 48-54.
Yoo, D.Y., Nam, Y., Kim, W., Yoo, K.Y., Park, J., Lee, C.H., Choi, J.H., Yoon, Y.S., Kim, D.W., Won, M.H., et al. (2011). Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on promotion of neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus in C57BL/6 mice. J Vet Med Sci 73, 71-76.
Chapter five:
Achanta, P., Capilla-Gonzalez, V., Purger, D., Reyes, J., Sailor, K., Song, H., Garcia-Verdugo, J.M., Gonzalez-Perez, O., Ford, E., and Quinones-Hinojosa, A. (2012). Subventricular zone localized irradiation affects the generation of proliferating neural precursor cells and the migration of neuroblasts. Stem Cells 30, 2548-2560.
Aguirre, A., Rubio, M.E., and Gallo, V. (2010). Notch and EGFR pathway interaction regulates neural stem cell number and self-renewal. Nature 467, 323-327.
Avruch, J., Zhou, D., Fitamant, J., and Bardeesy, N. (2011). Mst1/2 signalling to Yap: gatekeeper for liver size and tumour development. Br J Cancer 104, 24-32.
Cai, H., and Xu, Y. (2013). The role of LPA and YAP signaling in long-term migration of human ovarian cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 11, 31.
Carlen, M., Meletis, K., Goritz, C., Darsalia, V., Evergren, E., Tanigaki, K., Amendola, M., Barnabe-Heider, F., Yeung, M.S., Naldini, L., et al. (2009). Forebrain ependymal cells are Notch-dependent and generate neuroblasts and astrocytes after stroke. Nat Neurosci 12, 259-267.
Carragher, N.O., and Frame, M.C. (2004). Focal adhesion and actin dynamics: a place where kinases and proteases meet to promote invasion. Trends Cell Biol 14, 241-249.
Daynac, M., Chicheportiche, A., Pineda, J.R., Gauthier, L.R., Boussin, F.D., and Mouthon, M.A. (2013). Quiescent neural stem cells exit dormancy upon alteration of GABAAR signaling following radiation damage. Stem Cell Res 11, 516-528.
Dutta, S., Mana-Capelli, S., Paramasivam, M., Dasgupta, I., Cirka, H., Billiar, K., and McCollum, D. (2017). TRIP6 inhibits Hippo signaling in response to tension at adherens junctions. EMBO Rep.
Elosegui-Artola, A., Andreu, I., Beedle, A.E.M., Lezamiz, A., Uroz, M., Kosmalska, A.J., Oria, R., Kechagia, J.Z., Rico-Lastres, P., Le Roux, A.L., et al. (2017). Force Triggers YAP Nuclear Entry by Regulating Transport across Nuclear Pores. Cell 171, 1397-1410 e1314.
Fernandez, L.A., Northcott, P.A., Dalton, J., Fraga, C., Ellison, D., Angers, S., Taylor, M.D., and Kenney, A.M. (2009). YAP1 is amplified and up-regulated in hedgehog-associated medulloblastomas and mediates Sonic hedgehog-driven neural precursor proliferation. Genes Dev 23, 2729-2741.
Han, D., Byun, S.H., Park, S., Kim, J., Kim, I., Ha, S., Kwon, M., and Yoon, K. (2015). YAP/TAZ enhance mammalian embryonic neural stem cell characteristics in a Tead-dependent manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 458, 110-116.
Kokovay, E., Wang, Y., Kusek, G., Wurster, R., Lederman, P., Lowry, N., Shen, Q., and Temple, S. (2012). VCAM1 is essential to maintain the structure of the SVZ niche and acts as an environmental sensor to regulate SVZ lineage progression. Cell Stem Cell 11, 220-230.
Kovall, R.A., Gebelein, B., Sprinzak, D., and Kopan, R. (2017). The Canonical Notch Signaling Pathway: Structural and Biochemical Insights into Shape, Sugar, and Force. Dev Cell 41, 228-241.
Lai, Y.J., Chen, C.S., Lin, W.C., and Lin, F.T. (2005). c-Src-mediated phosphorylation of TRIP6 regulates its function in lysophosphatidic acid-induced cell migration. Mol Cell Biol 25, 5859-5868.
Lian, I., Kim, J., Okazawa, H., Zhao, J., Zhao, B., Yu, J., Chinnaiyan, A., Israel, M.A., Goldstein, L.S., Abujarour, R., et al. (2010). The role of YAP transcription coactivator in regulating stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Genes Dev 24, 1106-1118.
Lin, V.T., Lin, V.Y., Lai, Y.J., Chen, C.S., Liu, K., Lin, W.C., and Lin, F.T. (2013). TRIP6 regulates p27 KIP1 to promote tumorigenesis. Mol Cell Biol 33, 1394-1409.
Lin, Y.T., Ding, J.Y., Li, M.Y., Yeh, T.S., Wang, T.W., and Yu, J.Y. (2012). YAP regulates neuronal differentiation through Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 318, 1877-1888.
Lledo, P.M., Alonso, M., and Grubb, M.S. (2006). Adult neurogenesis and functional plasticity in neuronal circuits. Nat Rev Neurosci 7, 179-193.
Low, B.C., Pan, C.Q., Shivashankar, G.V., Bershadsky, A., Sudol, M., and Sheetz, M. (2014). YAP/TAZ as mechanosensors and mechanotransducers in regulating organ size and tumor growth. FEBS Lett 588, 2663-2670.
Lv, K., Chen, L., Li, Y., Li, Z., Zheng, P., Liu, Y., Chen, J., and Teng, J. (2015). Trip6 promotes dendritic morphogenesis through dephosphorylated GRIP1-dependent myosin VI and F-actin organization. J Neurosci 35, 2559-2571.
McMichael, B.K., Meyer, S.M., and Lee, B.S. (2010). c-Src-mediated phosphorylation of thyroid hormone receptor-interacting protein 6 (TRIP6) promotes osteoclast sealing zone formation. J Biol Chem 285, 26641-26651.
Ming, G.L., and Song, H. (2011). Adult neurogenesis in the mammalian brain: significant answers and significant questions. Neuron 70, 687-702.
Nardone, G., Oliver-De La Cruz, J., Vrbsky, J., Martini, C., Pribyl, J., Skladal, P., Pesl, M., Caluori, G., Pagliari, S., Martino, F., et al. (2017). YAP regulates cell mechanics by controlling focal adhesion assembly. Nat Commun 8, 15321.
Nowotschin, S., Xenopoulos, P., Schrode, N., and Hadjantonakis, A.K. (2013). A bright single-cell resolution live imaging reporter of Notch signaling in the mouse. BMC Dev Biol 13, 15.
Plantman, S., Patarroyo, M., Fried, K., Domogatskaya, A., Tryggvason, K., Hammarberg, H., and Cullheim, S. (2008). Integrin-laminin interactions controlling neurite outgrowth from adult DRG neurons in vitro. Mol Cell Neurosci 39, 50-62.
Qin, H., Blaschke, K., Wei, G., Ohi, Y., Blouin, L., Qi, Z., Yu, J., Yeh, R.F., Hebrok, M., and Ramalho-Santos, M. (2012). Transcriptional analysis of pluripotency reveals the Hippo pathway as a barrier to reprogramming. Hum Mol Genet 21, 2054-2067.
Rimkus, T.K., Carpenter, R.L., Qasem, S., Chan, M., and Lo, H.W. (2016). Targeting the Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Pathway: Review of Smoothened and GLI Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 8.
Sainath, R., and Gallo, G. (2015). Cytoskeletal and signaling mechanisms of neurite formation. Cell Tissue Res 359, 267-278.
Shen, J., Cao, B., Wang, Y., Ma, C., Zeng, Z., Liu, L., Li, X., Tao, D., Gong, J., and Xie, D. (2018). Hippo component YAP promotes focal adhesion and tumour aggressiveness via transcriptionally activating THBS1/FAK signalling in breast cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 37, 175.
Takahashi, K., Tanabe, K., Ohnuki, M., Narita, M., Ichisaka, T., Tomoda, K., and Yamanaka, S. (2007). Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors. Cell 131, 861-872.
Wang, H., La Russa, M., and Qi, L.S. (2016). CRISPR/Cas9 in Genome Editing and Beyond. Annu Rev Biochem 85, 227-264.
Wang, T.W., Zhang, H., and Parent, J.M. (2005). Retinoic acid regulates postnatal neurogenesis in the murine subventricular zone-olfactory bulb pathway. Development 132, 2721-2732.
Willier, S., Butt, E., Richter, G.H., Burdach, S., and Grunewald, T.G. (2011). Defining the role of TRIP6 in cell physiology and cancer. Biol Cell 103, 573-591.
Wilson, R.C., and Doudna, J.A. (2013). Molecular mechanisms of RNA interference. Annu Rev Biophys 42, 217-239.
Xu, J., Lai, Y.J., Lin, W.C., and Lin, F.T. (2004). TRIP6 enhances lysophosphatidic acid-induced cell migration by interacting with the lysophosphatidic acid 2 receptor. J Biol Chem 279, 10459-10468.