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研究生: 詹孟耘
Chan, Meng-Yun
論文名稱: 探討影響學生的海洋環境負責任行為之因素 - 知識、性別、態度、知覺行為控制與主觀規範
Exploring Factors Influencing Students' Marine Responsible Behavior – Knowledge, Sexual, Attitude, Perceived Behavioral Control and Subjective Norms.
指導教授: 葉庭光
Yeh, Ting-Kuang
口試委員: 葉庭光
Yeh, Ting-Kuang
鄭志文
Zheng, Zhe-Wen
鄭秉漢
Cheng, Ping-Han
口試日期: 2024/07/30
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 地球科學系
Department of Earth Sciences
論文出版年: 2024
畢業學年度: 112
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 57
中文關鍵詞: 海洋環境負責任行為海洋環境科學知識行為知識行為意圖態度知覺行為控制主觀規範性別
英文關鍵詞: Marine responsible behaviors, marine scientific knowledge, behavior knowledge, behavior intention, attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, gender
研究方法: 調查研究
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202401821
論文種類: 學術論文
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  • 過去的研究指出態度、知覺行為控制與主觀規範是影響行為的重要因素,但也有許多研究指出,知識可能也會影響行為。然而,知識是否會影響行為,在過去一直存在著正反兩面爭議。Ajzen認為與行為本身有關的知識才會影響行為,也推論可能僅有特定行為才能看出知識對行為的影響。因此本研究將行為區分為五種環境行動:生態管理、消費行為、說服行為、法律行動與政治行動,知識分為兩種,一種是海洋環境科學知識,另一種是海洋環境負責任行為知識,而後者也分為這五種環境行動的面向,欲探討是否與行為有關的知識才會影響行為,且想了解針對不同的行為,知識對於行為的相關性。再者,過去的研究指出,性別對於行為也會有顯著差異,但針對性別如何影響行為的研究較為稀少,而少部分研究認為,態度可能是性別與行為的中介變項,因此本研究欲探討性別對於知識與行為的差異,並進一步分析其中介關係。最後,本研究想探討知識、態度、知覺行為控制與主觀規範對於行為的整體影響程度。本研究利用問卷調查,分析了共151位國立臺灣師範大學學生的數據。結果發現:

    一、海洋環境科學知識與海洋環境負責任行為意圖並無顯著相關。
    二、僅有說服行為的行為知識與說服行為的行為意圖有顯著相關,其餘如生態管理、消費行為、法律行動與政治行動的行為知識,與其對應的行為意圖沒有顯著相關。
    三、在海洋環境科學知識中,男性顯著高於女性;在生態管理與消費行為的海洋環境負責任行為意圖方面,女性顯著優於男性;而說服行為、法律行動與政治行動在性別方面未看出顯著差異。
    四、在生態管理與消費行為中,態度是性別與行為意圖之間的完全中介變項。
    五、在生態管理與說服行為方面,主觀規範對於行為意圖有顯著影響;而消費行為、法律行動與政治行動方面,主觀規範則與行為意圖無顯著影響。
    我們發現僅與環境事實有關的知識,確實與海洋環境負責任行為意圖無顯著相關。然而,在與行為本身有關的知識方面,僅有說服行為的行為知識與海洋環境負責任行為意圖有達到顯著相關,而我們認為,這可能跟「犧牲知覺」有關,我們推測說服行為是犧牲程度最小的。性別在知識與行為方面達到顯著差異,但女性在生態管理與消費行為的行為意圖則顯著高於男性,因此我們可以針對男性給予更多的關懷與教育,以期望促進學生形成更積極的海洋環境負責任行為。

    Past research has indicated that attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms are significant factors influencing behavior. However, many studies have also pointed out that knowledge might impact behavior. Yet, there has been ongoing debate about whether knowledge affects behavior. Ajzen suggests that knowledge related to the behavior itself is what influences behavior and hypothesizes that only specific behaviors might reveal the impact of knowledge on behavior. Therefore, this study distinguishes behaviors into five types of environmental actions: ecomanagement, consumerism, persuasion, legal action, and political action. Knowledge is categorized into two types: marine scientific knowledge and marine responsible behavior knowledge. This study aims to explore whether knowledge related to the behavior itself affects behavior and to understand the relevance of knowledge to behavior across different types of actions. Additionally, past research has pointed out significant gender differences in behavior, but studies on how gender affects behavior are relatively sparse. Few studies suggest that attitude might mediate the relationship between gender and behavior. Thus, this study seeks to investigate gender differences in knowledge and behavior and further analyze the mediating relationships. Finally, the study examines the overall impact of knowledge, attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms on behavior. Using a survey, data from 151 students at National Taiwan Normal University were analyzed. The results found:
    1. There was no significant correlation between marine scientific knowledge and the marine responsible behavior.
    2. Only the behavior knowledge related to persuasion behavior was significantly correlated with the intention to engage in persuasion behavior, while the behavior knowledge for ecomanagement, consumerism, legal action, and political action did not show significant correlation with their respective behaviors.
    3. In marine scientific knowledge, males scored significantly higher than females; in terms of marine environment responsible behaviors for ecomanagement and consumerism, females scored significantly higher than males; however, there were no significant gender differences in persuasion, legal action, and political action.
    4. In ecomanagement and consumerism, attitude fully mediated the relationship between gender and behavior intention.
    5. For ecomanagement and persuasion, subjective norms had a significant impact on behavior; however, for consumerism, legal action, and political action, subjective norms did not have a significant impact on behavior.
    We found that knowledge specifically related to environmental facts does not significantly correlate with marine responsible behavior. However, among knowledge related to the behavior itself, only persuasion knowledge significantly correlated with marine responsible behavior. We suggest this may be related to "perceived sacrifice," as persuasion behavior involves the least sacrifice. Gender differences in knowledge and behavior were significant, with females showing higher intentions for ecomanagement and consumerism than males. Therefore, we recommend providing more care and education to males to promote more proactive marine responsible behaviors among students.

    第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究目的 4 第三節 研究問題 4 第四節 研究假設 4 第二章 文獻探討 5 第一節 計畫行為理論 5 第二節 環境負責任行為 7 第三節 學術界中存在爭議的「知識是否影響行為」 8 第四節 「性別」在行為方面有顯著差異 9 第三章 研究方法 11 第一節 研究架構 11 第二節 研究對象 11 第三節 研究工具 12 第四節 資料分析 16 第四章 研究結果 17 第一節 海洋環境知識與海洋環境負責任行為意圖的相關性 17 第二節 海洋環境負責任行為知識與行為意圖的相關性 18 第三節 性別在知識與行為意圖的差異 19 第四節 態度在性別與行為意圖之間中介關係 20 第五節 知識、態度、知覺行為控制與主觀規範對行為意圖之影響程度 22 一、生態管理 22 二、消費行為 23 三、說服行為 24 四、法律行動 25 五、政治行動 26 六、對於行為意圖影響程度之小結 26 第五章 討論 27 第一節 僅與環境事實有關的知識與行為無關 27 第二節 僅有說服行為的行為知識,對行為有顯著相關 27 第三節 性別在知識與行為意圖中,僅有部分達到顯著差異 30 第四節 態度是性別與行為之間的完全中介變項 32 第五節 影響行為意圖的因素中,部分行為的主觀規範不顯著 32 第六章 研究限制與研究啟發 33 第一節 研究限制 33 第二節 研究啟發 34 參考文獻 35 附錄 42 附錄一 海洋環境科學知識與行為知識試題量表 42 附錄二 行為意圖、態度、知覺行為控制、主觀規範量表 48

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