簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 龍友翰
Jan Sebastian Dominic Rodriguez
論文名稱: Nanoscale Investigation of the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Polyaniline/Graphene Oxide Composite thin Films Fabricated by Physical Mixture Method
Nanoscale Investigation of the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Polyaniline/Graphene Oxide Composite thin Films Fabricated by Physical Mixture Method
指導教授: 邱顯智
Chiu, Hsiang-Chih
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 物理學系
Department of Physics
論文出版年: 2020
畢業學年度: 108
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 48
中文關鍵詞: 原子力顯微鏡聚苯胺氧化石墨烯超級電容
英文關鍵詞: Atomic Force Microscopy, Polyaniline, Graphene Oxide, Supercapacitor
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202000007
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:189下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • N/A

    Polyaniline (PANI), owing to its excellent electrochemical performance and ease of synthesis, has been a prominent material in applications concerning the optimization of supercapacitors. However, PANI suffers poor electrochemical stabilities and low cycle life, due to swelling and shrinking of the polymer backbone when subjected to continuous charge/discharge processes. Consequently, efforts have been made to address the agglomeration of PANI fibers, such as physically stretching the solution. Graphene oxide (GO), on the other hand, is a single layer of graphite with the presence of various oxygen-containing functional groups attached. Coupled with its excellent structural and mechanical properties that it inherits from graphene, the oxygen-containing functional groups in GO provide advantageous conditions that are favorable for its composite with polymers, such as PANI. Typically, PANI/GO nanocomposites are fabricated using electrochemical and in situ chemical oxidative polymerization methods, but a recent work has proposed a simple physical method
    to mix PANI and GO. Considering its high surface-to-volume ratio, GO can intercalate within the PANI fiber structure during physical mixture. Thus, the addition of GO might aid in reducing the agglomeration, while enhancing the electrical and mechanical properties of PANI.
    Our work focuses on probing the effect of GO on the nanoscale electrical and mechanical properties when composited with PANI, with the use of PeakForce Tunneling Atomic Force Microscopy (PF-TUNA). Our results may provide further understanding on the synergistic contributions of PANI and GO when composited with each other, for the applications in supercapacitor research.

    1. Introduction 1 2. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) 5 2.1 Historical background 5 2.2 AFM working principle 5 2.3 Force-distance curves 7 2.4 Fundamental Modes of AFM 8 2.4.1 Contact Mode 8 2.4.2 Tapping Mode 8 2.4.3 Non-contact Mode 9 2.5 Calibration of the Cantilever Spring Constant 9 2.6 PeakForce Tapping Mode 12 2.7 Local Property Mapping 14 2.7.1 Contact Mechanics for Nanoscale Mechanical Property Modeling 14 2.7.2 PeakForce Quantitative Nano-mechanical property Mapping (PF-QNM) 16 2.7.3 PeakForce Tunneling AFM (PF-TUNA) 17 3. Electrochemical Processes in Energy Storage Devices 19 3.1 Energy Storage Mechanism of Batteries 19 3.2 Charge Storage Processes in Supercapacitors 20 3.2.1 Electric Double Layer Capacitance (EDLC) 20 3.2.2 Pseudocapacitance 22 3.3 Electrochemical Performance Characterization Techniques 23 3.3.1 Three-Electrode System 23 3.3.2 Cyclic Voltammetry 25 3.3.3 Galvanostatic Charge-Discharge (GCD) measurements 27 4. Experimental Methods 28 4.1 Sample Preparation 28 4.2 Contact Angle Measurements 29 4.3 Scanning Electron Microscopy 30 4.4 AFM set-up 31 4.5 Electrochemical Measurements 32 5. Results 34 5.1 SEM observation 34 5.2 Wettability of PANI-GO films vs. Stir time 36 5.3 Nanoscale measurements using AFM 37 5.3.1 Graphene oxide (GO) flake size 37 5.3.2 Topography vs. Stir time 38 5.3.3 Topography, Adhesion, and TUNA current maps 39 5.3.4 Elastic modulus vs. Stir time 40 5.4 Electrochemical Performance 43 6. Conclusion 45 References 46

    [1] C. Liu, F. Li, L.P. Ma, H.M. Cheng, Advanced materials for energy storage, Adv Mater, 22 (2010) E28-62.
    [2] B.D. McCloskey, Expanding the Ragone Plot: Pushing the Limits of Energy Storage, J Phys Chem Lett, 6 (2015) 3592-3593.
    [3] M.W.C. Thomas Christen, Theory of Ragone plots, Journal of Power Sources, 91 (2000) 210-216.
    [4] S.-H. Kim, W.-J. Choi, Selection Criteria for Supercapacitors Based on Performance Evaluations, Journal of Power Electronics, 12 (2012) 223-231.
    [5] A. Lewandowski, P. Jakobczyk, M. Galinski, Capacitance of electrochemical double layer capacitors, Electrochimica Acta, 86 (2012) 225-231.
    [6] M. Vangari, T. Pryor, L. Jiang, Supercapacitors: Review of Materials and Fabrication Methods, Journal of Energy Engineering, 139 (2013) 72-79.
    [7] B.E. Conway, Transition from "Supercapacitor" to "Battery" Behavior in Electrochemical Energy Storage, Journal of Electrochemical Society, 138 (1991).
    [8] G.A. Snook, P. Kao, A.S. Best, Conducting-polymer-based supercapacitor devices and electrodes, Journal of Power Sources, 196 (2011) 1-12.
    [9] A. Eftekhari, L. Li, Y. Yang, Polyaniline supercapacitors, Journal of Power Sources, 347 (2017) 86-107.
    [10] O.M.a.M. Jarur, Studies on the Effect of Doping agent on the Structure of Polyaniline, Chemistry and Chemical Technology, 10 (2016).
    [11] A.G. Pandolfo, A.F. Hollenkamp, Carbon properties and their role in supercapacitors, Journal of Power Sources, 157 (2006) 11-27.
    [12] X. Cheng, V. Kumar, T. Yokozeki, T. Goto, T. Takahashi, J. Koyanagi, L. Wu, R. Wang, Highly conductive graphene oxide/polyaniline hybrid polymer nanocomposites with simultaneously improved mechanical properties, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 82 (2016) 100-107.
    [13] Z. Gao, W. Yang, J. Wang, H. Yan, Y. Yao, J. Ma, B. Wang, M. Zhang, L. Liu, Electrochemical synthesis of layer-by-layer reduced graphene oxide sheets/polyaniline nanofibers composite and its electrochemical performance, Electrochimica Acta, 91 (2013) 185-194.
    [14] D. Gui, C. Liu, F. Chen, J. Liu, Preparation of polyaniline/graphene oxide nanocomposite for the application of supercapacitor, Applied Surface Science, 307 (2014) 172-177.
    [15] Y. Liu, R. Deng, Z. Wang, H. Liu, Carboxyl-functionalized graphene oxide–polyaniline composite as a promising supercapacitor material, Journal of Materials Chemistry, 22 (2012) 13619.
    [16] D. Majumdar, Functionalized Graphene/Polyaniline Nanocomposites as Proficient Energy Storage Material: An Overview, Innov. Ener. Res., 5 (2016).
    [17] H. Wang, Q. Hao, X. Yang, L. Lu, X. Wang, Effect of graphene oxide on the properties of its composite with polyaniline, ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2 (2010) 821-828.
    [18] H. Wang, Q. Hao, X. Yang, L. Lu, X. Wang, Graphene oxide doped polyaniline for supercapacitors, Electrochemistry Communications, 11 (2009) 1158-1161.
    [19] S. Zhou, H. Zhang, Q. Zhao, X. Wang, J. Li, F. Wang, Graphene-wrapped polyaniline nanofibers as electrode materials for organic supercapacitors, Carbon, 52 (2013) 440-450.
    [20] B. Chethan, H.G. Raj Prakash, Y.T. Ravikiran, S.C. Vijayakumari, C.V.V. Ramana, S. Thomas, D. Kim, Enhancing humidity sensing performance of polyaniline/water soluble graphene oxide composite, Talanta, 196 (2019) 337-344.
    [21] G. Binnig, H. Rohrer, C. Gerber, E. Weibel, Surface Studies by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, Physical Review Letters, 49 (1982) 57-61.
    [22] G. Binnig, C.F. Quate, C. Gerber, Atomic force microscope, Phys Rev Lett, 56 (1986) 930-933.
    [23] G. Meyer, N.M. Amer, Novel optical approach to atomic force microscopy, Applied Physics Letters, 53 (1988) 1045-1047.
    [24] O.A. Bauchau, J.I. Craig, Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, Solid Mechanics and its Applications, DOI (2009) 173-221.
    [25] J.P. Cleveland, S. Manne, D. Bocek, P.K. Hansma, A nondestructive method for determining the spring constant of cantilevers for scanning force microscopy, Review of Scientific Instruments, 64 (1993) 403-405.
    [26] J.E. Sader, I. Larson, P. Mulvaney, L.R. White, Method for the calibration of atomic force microscope cantilevers, Review of Scientific Instruments, 66 (1995) 3789-3798.
    [27] S. Belikov, J. Alexander, C. Wall, I. Yermolenko, S. Magonov, I. Malovichko, Thermal Tune Method for AFM Oscillatory Resonant Imaging in Air and Liquid, 2014 American Control Conference (ACC), DOI (2014).
    [28] Introduction to Bruker’s ScanAsyst and PeakForce Tapping AFM Technology, Bruker Application Notes, 133 (2011).
    [29] K.L. Johnson, Contact Mechanics, Cambridge University Press, DOI (1985).
    [30] B.V. Derjaguin, V.M. Muller, Y.P. Toporov, Effect of Contact Deformations on the Adhesion of Particles, Journal of Colloid and Interfacial Science, 53 (1975) 314-326.
    [31] B. Pittenger, N. Erina, C. Su, Quantitative Mechanical Property Mapping at the Nanoscale with PeakForce QNM, Bruker Application Notes, DOI (2010).
    [32] C. Li, S. Minne, B. Pittenger, A. Mednick, M. Guide, T.-Q. Nguyen, Simultaneous Electrical and Mechanical Property Mapping at the Nanoscale with PeakForce TUNA, Bruker Application Notes, 132 (2011).
    [33] W.v. Schalkwijk, B. Scrosati, Advances in Lithium Ion Batteries, DOI (2002) 1-5.
    [34] V. Etacheri, R. Marom, R. Elazari, G. Salitra, D. Aurbach, Challenges in the development of advanced Li-ion batteries: a review, Energy & Environmental Science, 4 (2011).
    [35] H. Abruna, Kiya, Y., Henderson, J.C., Batteries and Electrochemical capacitors, Physics Today, DOI (2008).
    [36] S. Pay, Y. Baghzouz, Effectiveness of Battery-Supercapacitor
    Combination in Electric Vehicles, IEEE Bologna Power Tech Conference, DOI (2003).
    [37] A. Berrueta, A. Ursua, I.S. Matin, A. Efterkhari, P. Sanchis, Supercapacitors: Electrical Characteristics, Modeling, Applications, and Future Trends, IEEE Acces, 7 (2019) 50869-50896.
    [38] W.C. Chew, P.N. Sen, Potential of a sphere in an ionic solution in thin double layer approximations, The Journal of Chemical Physics, 77 (1982) 2042-2044.
    [39] J. Zhu, D. Yang, Z. Yin, Q. Yan, H. Zhang, Graphene and graphene-based materials for energy storage applications, Small, 10 (2014) 3480-3498.
    [40] S. Trasatti, G. Buzzanca, Ruthenium dioxide: a new interesting electrode material. Solid state structure and electrochemical behaviour, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 29 (1971) 1-5.
    [41] N. Elgrishi, K.J. Rountree, B.D. McCarthy, E.S. Rountree, T.T. Eisenhart, J.L. Dempsey, A Practical Beginner’s Guide to Cyclic Voltammetry, Journal of Chemical Education, 95 (2017) 197-206.
    [42] G.D. Danilatos, N.E. Robinson, Principles of Scanning Electron Microscopy at High Specimen Chamber Pressures, Scanning, 2 (1979) 72-82.
    [43] W. Zheng, M. Angelopoulos, A.J. Epstein, A.G. MacDiarmid†, Experimental Evidence for Hydrogen Bonding in Polyaniline: Mechanism of Aggregate Formation and Dependency on Oxidation State, Macromolecules, 30 (1997) 2953-2955.
    [44] G. Goncalves, M. Vila, I. Bdikin, A. de Andres, N. Emami, R.A. Ferreira, L.D. Carlos, J. Gracio, P.A. MaRques, Breakdown into nanoscale of graphene oxide: confined hot spot atomic reduction and fragmentation, Sci Rep, 4 (2014) 6735.
    [45] J.I.V.-R. Paredes, S.; Martinez-Alonzo, A.; Tascon, J.M.D., Graphene Oxide Dispersions in Organic Solvents, Langmuir, 24 (2008).
    [46] S.L. Amélie Cot, Jérôme Dejeu, Patrick Rougeot, Claire Magnenet, Boris Lakard, Michaël Gauthier, Electrosynthesis and characterization of polymer films on silicon substrates for applications in micromanipulation, Synthetic Materials, 162 (2012).
    [47] Y. Wang, Y. Shen, X. Wang, Z. Shen, B. Li, J. Hu, Y. Zhang, Nanoscale mapping of dielectric properties based on surface adhesion force measurements, Beilstein J Nanotechnol, 9 (2018) 900-906.
    [48] J.W. Suk, R.D. Piner, J. An, R.S. Ruoff, Mechanical properties of monolayer graphene oxide, ACS Nano, 4 (2010) 6557-6564.

    無法下載圖示 電子全文延後公開
    2025/01/02
    QR CODE