研究生: |
劉佳鎮 Liu, Chia-Chen |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
臺灣國民中小學雙語體育教學效能評估指標之建構 A Study on the Evaluation Index of the Construction of PE Bilingual Instruction Effectiveness in Taiwan |
指導教授: |
程瑞福
Chen, Jui-Fu |
口試委員: |
周建智
Chou, Chien-Chih 陳錦芬 Chen, Chin-Fen 楊啟文 Yang, Chi-Wen 施登堯 Shy, Deng-Yau 程瑞福 Chen, Jui-Fu |
口試日期: | 2023/07/14 |
學位類別: |
博士 Doctor |
系所名稱: |
體育與運動科學系 Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences |
論文出版年: | 2023 |
畢業學年度: | 111 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 143 |
中文關鍵詞: | 德懷術 、雙語教學 、雙語體育教學效能 、雙語體育課程設計 |
英文關鍵詞: | Delphi technique, bilingual instruction, bilingual PE instructional effectiveness, bilingual PE curriculum design |
研究方法: | 文件分析法 、 德爾菲法 |
DOI URL: | http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202300944 |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:145 下載:37 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
雙語教學推動至今,各界仍對於雙語教學政策的推動有著不同的看法與見解。研究者本身服務於師培大學並執行雙語師資培育的任務。基於各級學校於推動雙語教學初期常以健體領域進行雙語教學,為確保體育課程之教學效能,本研究旨在建構臺灣國民中小學雙語體育教學效能評估指標,以供學校及教育行政主管機關,在擬定雙語教學政策與執行之參考。本研究採用文獻分析與問卷調查兩種方式進行研究。首先藉由文獻分析找出可能影響雙語教學效能之因素,進一步編製而成「臺灣國民中小學雙語體育教學效能評估指標」問卷為調查工具。本研究邀請15位專家委員,包含師資培育大學之師培教授、雙語教學研究中心執行長/主任、推動雙語教學之校長、主任與擔任雙語體育教學實際授課的主教教師進行調查。所得資料以描述性統計與層級分析進行資料分析,以建構臺灣國民中小學雙語體育教學效能評估指標之適切性與相對權重。所得結論如下:
一、雙語體育教學效能評估指標含有教師專業教學知能、教師學科及語言專業程度、教師課程設計與教學能力、班級經營能力與多元評量與教師指導及回饋等五個構面,共有35個評估指標。
二、本研究所建構的雙語體育教學效能評估指標,皆具有相當程度的重要性,其中最被重視的構面是教師課程設計與教學能力。
三、本研究所建構的雙語體育教學效能評估指標,其相對權重前三名分別為年資至少 3 年以上且每周至少教授3節體育課、體育運動相關系所畢業或取得大專校院體育相關系所進修 8 學分以上之體育教師、教師具備正確動作示範與指導能力。
基於上述結果,建議教育相關單位,未來可加強培育雙語體育教師的教師課程設計與教學能力,並應重視教師的專業背景與專業能力之養成,以確保學生接受雙語教學後的學習成效。針對未來研究,建議可以更進一步應用本研究所建構之教學效能評估指標,加以檢視教學現場教師的教學效能,並據以輔導及改善。
In recent years, Taiwan has been promoting bilingual education. In the initial stages, many schools chose the physical education domain to implement bilingual education, but it has still garnered diverse perspectives and opinions. To ensure the instructional effectiveness of the bilingual physical education curriculum, this study aims to construct an evaluation index for the evaluating the effectiveness of bilingual instruction in physical education in Taiwan. The purpose is to assist in formulating bilingual instruction policies and confirming the effectiveness of bilingual instruction. This study used literature survey to construct the potential factors that may impact the effectiveness of bilingual PE instruction. Furthermore, we used the Delphi questionnaire survey to inquire the importance of different indicators. We recruited 15 expert committee members, include 4 teacher education professors, 4 directors/chief executives of bilingual instruction research centers, 4 principals, and 3 teachers whom were engaged in actual bilingual physical education instruction. Conclusions: the evaluation index for bilingual physical education instructional effectiveness consist of five dimensions: teacher's professional teaching competence (0.154), teacher's subject and language proficiency (0.219), teacher's curriculum design and teaching ability (0.299), classroom management skills (0.177), diversified assessment and teacher guidance and feedback (0.151). There are 35 indicators, and the top three relative weights are as follows: having a minimum of 3 years of teaching experience and teaching at least 3 physical education classes per week, being a graduate of a sports-related department or having completed at least 8 credits of physical education courses in a tertiary institution, and possessing the ability to provide correct movement demonstrations and guidance. For future studies, it is recommended to further implement the instructional indicators constructed in this study and examine the instructional effectiveness of teachers in actual teaching settings. Based on the findings, guidance and improvements can be provided.
王文科、王智弘 (2012)。教育研究法。五南出版社。
王俊成 (2021)。體育雙語實施現況之探討–以參與沉浸式計畫國小為例 [未出版碩士論文]。國立台中教育大學。
成大外語中心 (2018)。臺南市試辦雙語教學計畫成效研究專案:探討臺南市雙語教學計劃之學科領域及語言發展的實施成效期末報告。臺南市政府第二官方語言專案辦公室106 年度委託研究計畫。
行政院 (2018)。2030雙語國家政策發展藍圖。國家發展委員會。取自https://www.ndc.gov.tw/Content_List.aspx?n=FB2F95FF15B21D4A&upn=5137965B2A81A120
行政院 (2021)。2030 雙語政策整體推動方案。國家發展委員會。取自https://ws.ndc.gov.tw/Download.ashx?u=LzAwMS9hZG1pbmlzdHJhdG9yLzEwL3JlbGZpbGUvMC8xNDUzMi83NDBlMTY5Ny1lZmIwLTRjZGItYjYxMi03M2UzMTVhMTM5ZjIucGRm&n=MjAzMOmbmeiqnuaUv%2betli5wZGY%3d&icon=.pdf
何惠秋 (2015)。大學體育相關科系學生的英語學習動機、英語學習阻礙及英語學習行為之關係-以社會支持為調節變項 [未出版碩士論文]。國立嘉義大學。
余曉雯 (2018)。德國移民背景學生雙語教育之沿革與實踐。課程與教學,21(4),1-29。
吳百玲 (2019)。 2030打造臺灣雙語國家願景之我見。臺灣教育評論月刊,8(4),160-165。
林子斌 (2021)。建構臺灣「沃土」雙語模式:中等教育階段的現狀與未來發展。中等教育季刊,721,6-17。
姜閔傑 (2022)。國小實施雙語體育教學之行動研究 [未出版碩士論文]。國立清華大學。
柯文哲 (2020)。以教育讓臺灣走出去,世界走進來。取自https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Awswa1hock&feature=youtu.be&fbclid=IwAR1Wv-7OYrB8KY8dvuLEMTmrE1fEC7aJGFYsthQGRmJmksI5r600USgXcV8
柯新治 (2003)。新新加坡─南海之珠的經濟與社會新動向。天下文化出版社。
洪月女、陳敬容 (2022)。臺灣雙語教學資源書全球在地化課程設計語教學 實踐。載於鄒文莉、黃怡萍主編,全球在地化臺灣雙語教學知能與培育 (頁15- 31)。臺北市:書林。
洪嘉文 (1995)。做個有效能的體育教師。學校體育,5(6),53-55。
孫佳婷(2021)。雙語體育教學常見實務困境與重點發展工作。學校體育,182,19-25。
師資培育及藝術教育司 (2018)。教育部啟動全英語教學師資培育計畫-培育學科英語教學專業師資。取自https://depart.moe.edu.tw/ed2600/News_Content.aspx?n=E491D1720010EE05&sms=D4AB88F29491B48F&s=BE94948F0D339502
師資培育及藝術教育司 (2019)。臺南市勝利國小黃郁雯老師:讓學生以英語學習其它科目。取自https://www.edu.tw/News_Content.aspx?n=9E7AC85F1954DDA8&s=B36F27DA2288A132
高楊峽、吳地 (2018)。外語類高校體育舞蹈課程雙語教學實踐研究。體育科技學報,39(6),127-128。
高實玫 (2018)。如何檢視CLIL學習表現。書林出版有限公司。
國民中小學部分領域課程雙語教學實施計畫辦公室 (2021)。111學年度補助國民中小學部分領域課程雙語教學實施計畫書。資料取自http://immersion.ntue.edu.tw/
國立臺北教育大學師資培育暨就業輔導中心 (2020)。國民小學師資類科教學實務能力-教學演示能力檢測計畫。資料取自http://tc.ntue.edu.tw/MainPage/
張建成 (2000)。臺灣地區的鄉土教育。載於多元文化教育-我們的課題與別人的經驗 (頁63-102)。師大書苑。
張美惠(2015)。全球化觀點下臺灣高等技職院校口雙語教學政策之探討 [未出版博士論文]。中國文化大學。
張繼寧 (2009,9月)。美國全國教學專業標準委員會。臺灣師資培育電子報,1。 2022年7月10日,取自 http://tted.cher.ntnu.edu.tw/?p=168&preview=true
張馨如 (2007)。英語與體育的邂逅--體育高中實施「運動情境創意英語教學策略」之行動研究 [未出版碩士論文]。慈濟大學。
教育部 (2002)。《挑戰 2008 – The Challenge of 2008 – 創意、活力、全球接軌》。作者。
教育部 (2014)。十二年國教課程網要總綱。取自https://www.naer.edu.tw/files/15-1000-14113,c1594-1.php
教育部 (2018)。教育部推動雙語國家。取自https://www.edu.tw/News_Content.aspx?n=D33B55D537402BAA&s=FB233D7EC45FFB37
教育部 (2022)。2030雙語政策 (110至113年) 計畫 (第一次修正)。國家發展委員會、教育部。取自https://ws.moe.edu.tw/Download.ashx?u=C099358C81D4876C725695F2070B467E436AA799542CD43DD55F44F76C8950FA4E1C66845A21AFAE4A00266FD3E58E268E37A14852FAE33C447D7A72410AF7F036EE59A076B368EDD13347BA3692E073&n=4372855EF97F833BEDB11C1EC7E969EA5EB1CB87FB6032B9403F5B6C4C2EF9E02D8D504AC0C2EE28B4DE34784579128E62194C62697D698A53486CB6C48E42D873DCBB6F63EE7A66&icon=..pdf
教育部國民及學前教育署 (2017)。 國民中小學沉浸英語教學特色學校試辦計畫。取自http://immersion.ntue.edu.tw/about
章哲榮 (2023)。臺北市國小體育教師對雙語體育教學認知與學生學習成效之研究 [未出版碩士論文]。臺北市立大學。
陳錦芬 (2018)。教育部國民及學前教育署-推動國民中小學沉浸式英語教學特色學校試辦計畫。取自http://immersion.ntue.edu.tw/main/Study/detail?id=7
陳錦芬 (2020)。教育部國民及學前教育署-推動國民中小學沉浸式英語教學特色學校試辦計畫。取自http://immersion.ntue.edu.tw/main/Study/detail?id=56
陳錦芬 (2021)。雙語教育之緣起、理念與實施。載於陳錦芬 (主編),雙語教學理論與實務 (27-56)。國立臺北教育大學。
陳錦芬、楊啟文 (2022)。運動百靈果 Bilingual-PE。國立臺北教育大學。
陳靜子 (2017)。一個高中體育班學生英文學習經驗之探究 [未出版碩士論文]。國立中興大學。
掌慶維 (2018)。素養導向體育教學之理論基礎。學校體育,168,38-48。
曾沈連魁、田劉從國 (2007)。體育教師有效教學表現意涵之研究。中正體育學刊, 1, 77-88
程瑞褔 (2000)。臺灣地區中小學體育教師專業能力之研究。體育學報,28,123-132。
黃永蓮 (2005)。如何增進低學習成就者英聽能力-以體育生為例 [未出版碩士論文]。國立政治大學。
黃梓庭 (2022)。初任教師雙語體育教學歷程及省思之研究—以臺東縣某國小五年級田徑課程為例 [未出版碩士論文]。國立臺東大學。
楊承謙、陳嘉彌 (2001)。新加坡與臺灣國民教育比較分析之初探。教育研究月刊,84,49-60。
楊芳豔 (2017)。體育雙語教學的發展及實施策略探析。體育世界學術,769(7),168-169。
萬國華、楊小勇 (2010)。體育雙語教學的學科優勢與師資匱乏的解析。贛南師範學院學報,31(3),105-107。
萬豔奇 (2014)。合作辦學體育專業課程實施雙語教學的可行性研究。中州大學學報,31(2)。
鄒文莉 (2020)。臺灣雙語教育師資培訓。師友雙月刊,622,30-40。
鄒文莉 (2021)。雙語教學的概念與實踐-成功大學鄒文莉教授專訪報導。師友雙月刊,626,6-13。
鄒文莉、高實玫 (2018)。CLIL教學資源書:探索學科內容與語言整合教學。書林出版社。
廖偉民 (2020)。2020年臺灣公立國小推展雙語教育之探討。臺灣教育評論月刊,9(9),90-96。
臺北市政府教育局 (2019)。臺北市108學年度雙語實驗課程-全國首創自編 CLIL教材研編發表暨觀摩會活動。取自https://www.doe.gov.taipei/News_Content.aspx?n=0F560782595DACFC&sms=72544237BBE4C5F6&s=4CBEBF273E495BA3
臺北市政府教育局 (2021)。臺北市雙語教育中長程實施計畫建置校園雙語環境、培養跨語實踐力。取自https://www-ws.gov.taipei/Download.ashx?u=LzAwMS9VcGxvYWQvMzQyL3JlbGZpbGUvMTAxNzMvODQzMDY3OS8zYTQ4ZWY5Ny0xMjg5LTRlYjctOTk5Yi1jNDI4MjUxNzFjYWYucGRm&n=MTEwMDczMF%2Foh7rljJfluILpm5noqp7mlZnogrLkuK3plbfnqIvlr6bmlr3oqIjnlaso55m85paH54mIKS5wZGY%3D&icon=..pdf
劉兆達 (2005)。NBPTS與臺灣地區體育教師專業評鑑指標之比較。學校體育,88,101-112。
劉佳鎮 (2022)。雙語體育教學現況與師資培育之挑戰。臺灣教育評論月刊,11(8),38-41。
劉雅文、潘義祥、周宏室 (2015)。大專校院體育教學品質量表編製與驗證。大專體育學刊,17(1),18-29。
潘義祥 (2010)。高中體育教師專業指標之建構與驗證。大專體育學刊,12(3),11-23。
蔡岳縉 (2022)。探討國小體育雙語教學實施成效之行動研究 [未出版碩士論文]。國立屏東大學。
鄧振源 (2005)。計畫評估-方法與應用 (第二版)。海洋大學運籌規劃與管理中心。
鄧振源 (2012)。多準則決策分析:方法與應用初版。鼎茂出版社。
戴中明 (2015)。近十年高校體育課程雙語教學研究。南京體育學院學報,14(1),106-110。
羅凱暘 (2009)。從教學研究焦點談提升體育教學效能實務。學校體育,111,27-32。
饒見維 (1996)。教師專業發展─理論與實務。五南出版社。
Aguilar, M. & Rodríguez, R. (2012). Lecturer and student perceptions on CLIL at a Spanish university. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 15(2), 183-197.
Allen, M. (2004). Reading achievement of students in French immersion programs. Educational Quarterly Review, 9(4), 25-30.
Appel, R., & Muysken, P. (2005). Language contact and bilingualism. Amsterdam University Press.
Armour, K. Quennerstedt, M. Chambers, F. & Makopoulou, K (2015). What is ‘effective’ CPD for contemporary physical education teachers? A Deweyan framework. Sport, Education and Society, 22(7), 799-811.
Artelt, C., Baumert, J., Klieme, E., Neubrand, M., Prenzel, M., Schiefele, U., … Wei, M. (Eds.). (2001). PISA 2000 Zusammenfassung zentraler Befunde. Berlin, Deutschland: Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung.
Baker, C. & Wright, W. E. (2017). Foundations of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism (6th ed). Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Ball, P., Kelly, K., & Clegg, John. (2015). Putting CLIL into Practice. Oxford University Press.
Cenoz, J., Genesee, F., & Gorter, D. (2014). Critical analysis of CLIL: Taking stock and looking forward. Applied Linguistics, 35(3), 243–262.
Cervantes-Soon C. G. (2014). A Critical Look at Dual Language Immersion in the New Latin@ Diaspora. Bilingual Research Journal, 37(1), 64-82.
Chen, L., & Mora-Flores, E. (1970). Balanced Literacy for English Language Learners, K-2. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Chiew, S.-K. (1980). Bilingualism and national identity: A Singapore case study. In E. A. Afendras & E. C. Y. Kuo (Eds.), Language and society in Singapore (pp. 233–253). Singapore: Singapore University Press.
Coral, J. & Lleixà, T. (2016). Physical education in content and language integrated learning: successful interaction between physical education and English as a foreign language. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 19(1), 108-126. DOI: 10.1080/13670050.2014.977766
Coral, J., Lleixà, T., & Ventura, C. (2016). Foreign language competence and content and language integrated learning in multilingual schools in Catalonia: an expost facto study analysing the results of state key competences testing. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 21(2), 139–150.
Coral, J., Urbiola, M., Sabaté, E., Bofill, J., Lleixà, T., & Vilà Baños, R. (2020). Does the teaching of physical education in a foreign language jeopardise children's physical activity time? A pilot study. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 23(8), 839-854.
Coyle, D. (1999). Theory and planning for effective classrooms: Supporting students in content and language integrated learning contexts. In J. Masih (Ed.), Learning through a foreign language: Models, methods and outcomes (pp. 46-62). London: CILT.
Coyle, D., Hood, P. & Marsh, D. (2010). CLIL content and language integrated learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cummins, J. (1979). Cognitive/academic language proficiency, linguistic interdependence, the optimum age question and some other matters. Working Papers on Bilingualism. 19, 121–129.
Cummins, J. (2000). Language, Power, and Pedagogy: Bilingual Children in the Crossfire. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Dixon, L. Q. (2005). Bilingual education policy in Singapore: An analysis of its socio historical roots and current academic outcomes. International Journal of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education, 8(1), 25–47.
Dyson, B, Griffin L. L., & Hastie, P. (2004). Sport education, tactical games, and cooperative learning: Theoretical and pedagogical considerations. Quest, 56, 226–240.
Fazio, A., Isidori, E., & Bartoll, Ó. C. (2015). Teaching physical education in English using CLIL methodology: A critical perspective. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 186, 918-926.
Félix, Z. O., Martín, O., Luis, J., Manuel, C. S. (2019). Physical activity and self-concept in bilingual and non-bilingual schools: An Analysis through Structural Equations. Porta Linguarum, 32, 23-35
García, O. & Lin, A. (2016). Extending Understandings of Bilingual and Multilingual Education. In. O. García, A. M. Y. Lin, & S. May. (Eds.), Bilingual and Multilingual Education (pp.1-20). Springer.
García, O., Zakharia, Z., & Otcu, B. (2013). Bilingual community education for American children: Beyond heritage languages in a global city. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Garcia-Calvo, S., Banegas, D., & Salaberri, M. (2019). Satisfaction’ study in Bilingual Physical Education after applying a schedule based on content and language integrated learning. Scientific Journal of School Sport, Physical Education and Psychomotricity, 5(2), 305-322.
Gil López, V., González Víllora, S., & Hortigüela Alcalá, D. (2021). Learning foreign languages through content and language integrated learning in physical education: A systematic review. Porta Linguarum 35, 165-182. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30827/portalin.v0i35.15785
Goh, C. B. & Gopinathan, S. (2008). The development of education in Singapore since 1965. In S. K. Lee, C. B. Goh, B. Fredriksen & J. P. Tan (Eds.), Toward a better future: Education and training for economic development in Singapore since 1965 (pp. 12-38). Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.
Guskey, T. R. & Sparks, D. (1991) National Staff Development Council. What to Consider When Evaluating Staff Development. Educational Leadership, 49(3), 73-76.
Heras, A. & Lasagabaster, D. (2015). The impact of CLIL on affective factors and vocabulary learning. Language Teaching Research, 19(1), 70–88.
Hovens, M. (2002). Bilingual Education in West Africa: Does It Work? International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 5(5), 249-266.
Hradil, S. (2001). Soziale Ungleichheit in Deutschlan. Opladen, Deutschland: Leske Budrich.
Kirk, D. (2010). Physical Education Futures. New York: Routledge.
Kirk, D. (2013). Educational value and models-based practice in physical education. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 45(9), 973–986.
Krüger, M. (2018). Second language acquisition effects of a primary physical education intervention: A pilot study with young refugees. PLoS ONE, 13(9): e0203664. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203664
Krüger, M. (2019). The development and validation of a self-report instrument to assess attitudes and self-efficacy of preservice teachers toward teaching linguistically and culturally diverse PE classes. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 23(1), 28-38. doi:10.1080/1091367x.2018.1483375
Kuo, E. C. Y. (1984). Mass media and language planning: Singapore’s ‘‘speak Mandarin’’ campaign. Journal of Communication, 34, 24-35.
Lamb, P. & King, G. (2019). Another platform and a changed context: Student experiences of developing spontaneous speaking in French through physical education. European Physical Education Review, 26(2), 1–20.
Lee, K. Y. (2000). From third world to first: The Singapore story: 1965–2000. New York: Harper Collins.
Lin, A. M. Y. (2016). Language across the curriculum and CLIL in English as an additional language (EAL) contexts: Theory and practice. Springer.
Linares, A., Morton, T., & Whittaker, R. (2012). The roles of language in CLIL. Cambridge University Press.
Lo, Y. Y. & Macaro, E. (2015). Getting used to content and language integrated learning: what can classroom interaction reveal? The Language Learning Journal, 43(3), 239-255.
Machunsky, M. (2007). Developing material for PE lessons in CLIL. GRIN Verlag.
Mateu, J. C. (2013). Physical education and English integrated learning: How school teachers can develop PE-in-CLIL programmes. Temps d’Educatió, Universitatde Barcelona, 45, 41-64.
Meyer, O. (2010). Towards quality-CLIL: successful planning and teaching strategies. Pulso, 33, 11-29
Meyer, O., Coyle, D., Halbach, A., Schuck, K., & Ting T. (2015). A pluriliteracies approach to content and language integrated learning – mapping learner progressions in knowledge construction and meaning making. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 28, 41-57.
National Association for Sport & Physical Education. (2007). Physical Education Teacher Evaluation tool. Retrieved from American alliance for health, physical education, recreation and dance, national association for sport and physical education website: https://www.nbpts.org/standards-revision/
Powell, C. (2003). The Delphi technique: Myths and realities. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 41(4), 376-382.
Rose, D. & Martin, J. R. (2012). Learning to write, reading to learn: Genre, knowledge and pedagogy in the Sydney School. Indonesia: Equinox Publishing.
Ruiz de Zarobe, Y. (2008). CLIL and foreign language learning: A longitudinal study in the Basque country. International CLIL Research Journal, 1(1), 60–73.
Salvador-García, C., Chiva-Bartoll, O., & Capella-Peris, C. (2022). Bilingual physical education: the effects of CLIL on physical activity levels. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 25(1), 156-165.
Shulman, L. S. (1987). K nowledge and teaching: Foundations of the new reform. Harvard Educat ional Review, 57(1), 1-23. doi:10.17763/ haer.57.1.j463w79r56455411
Siedentop, D. (1991). Developing teaching skills in physical education (3rd Ed). United States of America: Mayfield Publishing.
Silverman (1991). Research on Teaching in Physical Education. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 62(4),352-364.
Skutnabb-Kangas, T. (1981). Bilingualism or not: The education of Minorities. Multilingual Matters.
TOEIC®臺灣區總代理 忠欣股份有限公司 (2021)。2020年TOEIC® 測驗 全球考生資料統計報告。2023年4月20日,擷取自https://www.toeic.com.tw/info/reports/on-test-takers/toeic/global/
TOEIC®臺灣區總代理 忠欣股份有限公司 (2022)。2021年TOEIC®測驗臺灣地區成績統計報告。2023年4月20日,擷取自https://www.toeic.com.tw/info/reports/on-test-takers/toeic/taiwan/
Torres-Rincon, J. C., & Cuesta-Medina, L. M. (2019). Situated Practice in CLIL: Voices from Colombian Teachers. GIST Education and Learning Research Journal, 18, 109–141.
US Department of Health and Human Services (2018). Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (2nd ed). US Department of Health and Human Services.
Wright, W. E., Boun, S., & García, O. (2015). Introduction: Key concepts and issues in bilingual and multilingual education. In. W. E. Wright, S. Boun, & O. García (Eds.), The Handbook of Bilingual and Multilingual Education (pp. 1-16). New Jersey: Wiley Blackwell.
Yip, J. S. K., Eng, S. P., & Yap, J. Y. C. (1990). 25 years of educational reform. In J. S. K. Yip & W. K. Sim (Eds.), Evolution of educational excellence: 25 years of education in the Republic of Singapore (pp. 1–25). Singapore: Longman.