簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

回結果列表
研究生： 陳儀如
Chen, Yi-Ru
論文名稱： 影片字幕對臺灣國中生英文字彙學習之效益研究
The Effects of Captioning on the Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition of EFL Junior High School Students
指導教授： 劉宇挺
Liu, Yeu-Ting
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 英語學系
Department of English
論文出版年： 2016
畢業學年度： 105
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 96
中文關鍵詞： 英語影片 、字幕 、字彙學習
英文關鍵詞： captioning, linguistic competence, incidental vocabulary acquisition
DOI URL： https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202204652
論文種類： 學術論文
相關次數： 點閱：195  下載：52 
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報

    • 近年來，由於多媒體科技日新月異，以英語影片作為教學工具，以提升學生的英語能力，逐漸成了一種趨勢。此研究旨在探討字幕的有無對不同英語能力的國中生之字彙學習影響。本研究採準研究設計，研究對象為臺北市一所國中的八年級學生，共一百一十八位。將受試者分成有字幕組(實驗組)：六十人、無字幕組(控制組)：五十八人。此外，依照受試者英語成就測驗表現，將實驗組及控制組的學生平均分成三組英語能力組別：高成就、中等成就、低成就。本研究為期三個月，在實驗前一個月，所有受試者均接受單字前測，確認所有受試者均未習得本研究影片教材中所要檢測的單字字義，並在實驗第一週完成一份學習前問卷。接著，所有受試者均接受十週的教學實驗，並在整個教學實驗結束後一週完成一份學習後問卷。實驗期間，實驗組和控制組均在未接受相關字彙教學的情況下，進行一週一次的英語影片學習，共使用十部難易度適中的英語發音卡通影片做為實驗教材。每次實驗中，所有受試者均重複觀看影片兩次，看完第一次影片，研究者立即發下閱讀測驗試卷，並接著撥放第二次影片，受試者需於第二次影片撥放的期間完成閱讀測驗，此目的是希望藉由閱讀測驗，引導受試者將注意力放在影片內容理解上。第二次影片撥放結束，所有受試者均立即接受兩種單字測驗，依序為：單字字音辨識測驗、單字字義測驗，以檢測標的字彙(target words)的學習情形。研究結果顯示：有字幕組，在單字字音辨識測驗和單字字義測驗的表現，皆優於無字幕組；此外，透過影片學習單字與學生的英語能力有顯著相關，意即英語能力較佳的學生能夠透過觀賞影片，習得較多的英文單字。最後，根據研究發現，本文亦提出結論及教學建議，提供教師和日後研究作為參考。

    This study aims to explore the effects of captioning on (a) aural form recognition and (b) form-meaning mapping of EFL junior high school students at different linguistic levels without formal vocabulary instruction. A quasi-experiment design was adopted, and a total of 118 EFL 8th graders at a junior high school participated in the study. Sixty students were assigned to the captioned condition and the others were assigned to the non-captioned condition (control). The students under the two caption conditions were evenly assigned into three linguistic groups (i.e., high-level, intermediate-level, and low-level) based on their achievements in English. A three-month experiment was conducted; the learning materials involved ten difficulty-appropriate videos from a cartoon series, Olivia, and each was viewed twice under both conditions. A reading comprehension test was given after the first viewing as a tool to focus the students’ attention on the meaning of the message; two vocabulary posttests (i.e., form recognition and vocabulary acquisition tests) were administered immediately after the second viewing. All participants took a vocabulary pretest one month prior to the experiment to evaluate their prior knowledge of the target words and completed pre and post learning questions before and after the learning sessions. The results of the study indicated that the availability of captioning significantly improved the participants’ overall form recognition and vocabulary acquisition. In addition, in both form recognition and vocabulary acquisition, the participants of high linguistic competence acquired substantially more word gains from video viewing than others. These results prove the positive caption effects on EFL middle school students’ incidental vocabulary learning and suggest that learners’ linguistic competence appears to be a crucial factor affecting the efficacy of using authentic captioned video material in language classroom. Pedagogical implications for employing captioned video material to enhance EFL middle school students’ language gains are included.

    中文摘要 i ABSTRACT ii AKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii LIST OF FIGURES vii LIST OF TABLES viii CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1 Motivation and Background 1 Rationale and Purpose of the Study 4 Significance of the Study 6 Organization of the Thesis 7 CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 8 Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition 8 Definition of Intentional and Incidental Learning 8 Vocabulary Acquisition from Context 9 Relevant Methodological Principles Regarding Incidental Vocabulary Learning 10 Captioning, an Aid or a Hindrance to Language Learning? 12 Captioning as a Hindrance to Language Learning 14 Captioning as an Aid to Language Learning 15 Existing Studies on Effects of Captioned Video on Language Acquisition 16 Definition of Captions and Subtitles 16 Caption-based Studies on Comprehension 17 Caption-based Studies on Vocabulary Acquisition 18 The Relationship between Captioning and Learners’ Linguistic Competence 22 Major Findings and Limitations in Existing Studies 27 Research Questions 28 CHAPTER THREE METHOD 29 Participants 29 Design of the Study 30 Materials 32 Video Selection 32 Target Word Selection 34 Procedures for Data Collection 35 Instruments 36 The Achievement Test 36 Vocabulary Pretest 38 Reading Comprehension Test 39 Vocabulary Posttests 40 Follow-up Questions 41 Data Analysis 42 CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS 43 Results of Overall Form Recognition 43 The Participants’ Overall Form Recognition under Captioned and Non-captioned Conditions 44 Differences among Learners at High, Intermediate, and Low Levels of Linguistic Competence on Overall Form Recognition 47 Results of Overall Vocabulary Acquisition 47 The Participants’ Overall Vocabulary Acquisition under Captioned and Non-captioned Conditions 48 Differences among Learners at High, Intermediate, and Low Levels of Linguistic Competence on Overall Vocabulary Acquisition 50 The Caption Effects on Spoken Word Gains within Groups 51 Impacts on Form Recognition 52 Impacts on Vocabulary Acquisition 53 CHAPTER FIVE DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 55 Summary of the Major Findings 55 Discussion 56 Captioning and Aural Form Recognition 56 Captioning and Vocabulary Acquisition 57 The Unexpected Differences between the Scores of the Two Types of Vocabulary Tests 59 Linguistic Competence and Word Gains from Video Viewing 61 Qualitative Results 63 Pedagogical Implications 65 Limitations of the Present Study 67 Suggestions for Future Research 69 REFERENCES 71 APPENDIXES 76 Appendix A Pre-learning Questions 76 Appendix B Posttest 1: The Mighty Five 77 Appendix C Posttest 2: Olivia Plans a Tea Party 79 Appendix D Posttest 3: Olivia’s Christmas Surprise 81 Appendix E Posttest 4: Olivia’s Kite Party 83 Appendix F Posttest 5: Olivia’s Road Race 85 Appendix G Posttest 6: Olivia’s Meteor Mania 87 Appendix H Posttest 7: Olivia’s Dog Wash 89 Appendix I Posttest 8: Olivia’s Hiking Adventure 91 Appendix J Follow-up Questions (Captioned group) 93 Appendix K Follow-up Questions (Non-captioned group) 95

    Baltova, I. (1999). Multisensory language teaching in a multidimensional curriculum: The use of authentic bimodal video in core French. Canadian Modern Language Review, 56(1), 31-48.

    Berne, J. E. (1993). The role of text type, assessment task, and target language experience in L2 listening comprehension assessment. American Association of Teachers of Spanish and Portuguese (pp. 2-45): University of North Dakota.

    Bird, S. A., & Williams, J. N. (2002). The effect of bimodal input on implicit and explicit memory: An investigation into the benefits of within-language subtitling. Applied Psycholinguistics, 23(4), 509-533.

    Borrás, I., & Lafayette, R. C. (1994). Effects of multimedia courseware subtitling on the speaking performance of college students of French. The Modern Language Journal, 78(1), 61-75.

    Buck, G. (2001). Assessing listening. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Chung, J. m. (1999). The effects of using video texts supported with advance organizers and captions on Chinese college students' listening comprehension: An empirical study. Foreign Language Annals, 32(3), 295-308.

    Coady, J. (1997). L2 vocabulary acquisition through extensive reading. In J. Coady & T. Huckin (Eds.), Second language vocabulary acquisition: A rationale for pedagogy (pp. 225-237). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

    Danan, M. (1992). Reversed subtitling and dual coding theory: New directions for foreign language instruction. Language learning, 42(4), 497-527.

    Danan, M. (2004). Captioning and subtitling: Undervalued language learning strategies. Meta: Translators' Journal, 49(1), 67-77.

    Ellis, N. C. (1994). Consciousness in second language learning: Psychological perspectives on the role of conscious processes in vocabulary acquisition. AILA Review, 11, 37-56.

    Garza, T. J. (1991). Evaluating the use of captioned video materials in advanced foreign language learning. Foreign Language Annals, 24(3), 239-258.

    Grgurović, M., & Hegelheimer, V. (2007). Help options and multimedia listening: Students' use of subtitles and the transcript. Language Learning & Technology, 11(1), 45-66.

    Guichon, N., & McLornan, S. (2008). The effects of multimodality on L2 learners: Implications for CALL resource design. System, 36(1), 85-93.

    Harley, H. (2006). English words: a linguistic introduction. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub.

    Hayati, A., & Mohmedi, F. (2011). The effect of films with and without subtitles on listening comprehension of EFL learners. British Journal of Educational Technology, 42(1), 181-192.

    Hirsh, D., & Nation, P. (1992). What Vocabulary Size Is Needed to Read Unsimplified Texts for Pleasure? Reading in a foreign language, 8(2), 689-696.

    Hu, M. H.-C., & Nation, P. (2000). Unknown vocabulary density and reading comprehension. Reading in a foreign language, 13(1), 403-430.

    Huang, H.-C., & Eskey, D. E. (1999). The effects of closed-captioned television on the listening comprehension of intermediate English as a second language (ESL) students. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 28(1), 75-96.

    Huckin, T., & Coady, J. (1999). Incidental vocabulary acquisition in a second language. Studies in second language acquisition, 21(2), 181-193.

    Hulstijn, J. H. (2001). Intentional and incidental second-language vocabulary learning: A reappraisal of elaboration, rehearsal and automaticity. In P. Robinson (Ed.), Cognition and Second Language Instruction (pp. 258-286). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

    JURKOVIČ, V. (2010). Language learner strategies and linguistic competence as factors affecting achievement test scores in English for Specific Purposes. TESOL Journal, 1(4), 449-469.

    Krashen, S. D. (1982). Principles and practice in second language acquisition (1st ed.). New York: Pergamon Press Inc.

    Krashen, S. D. (1989). We acquire vocabulary and spelling by reading: Additional evidence for the input hypothesis. The Modern Language Journal, 73(4), 440-464.

    Laufer, B. (1986). Possible changes in attitude towards vocabulary acquisition research. IRAL: International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 24(1), 69-75.

    Lee, H., & Winke, P. (2013). The differences among three-, four-, and five-option-item formats in the context of a high-stakes English-language listening test. Language Testing, 30(1), 99-123.

    Lin, L. F. (2010). A video‐based CALL program for proficient and less‐proficient L2 learners’ comprehension ability, incidental vocabulary acquisition. Educational Media International, 47(3), 199-216.

    Lwo, L., & Lin, M. C.-T. (2012). The Effects of Captions in Teenagers' Multimedia L2 Learning. ReCALL, 24(2), 188-208.

    Markham, P. (1999). Captioned Videotapes and Second‐Language Listening Word Recognition. Foreign Language Annals, 32(3), 321-328.

    Markham, P., & Peter, L. (2003). The influence of English language and Spanish language captions on foreign language listening/reading comprehension. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 31(3), 331-341.

    Mayer, R. E. (1997). Multimedia learning: Are we asking the right questions? Educational psychologist, 32(1), 1-19.

    Mayer, R. E., & Anderson, R. B. (1991). Animations need narrations: An experimental test of a dual-coding hypothesis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83(4), 484-490.

    Mayer, R. E., & Moreno, R. (2003). Nine ways to reduce cognitive load in multimedia learning. Educational psychologist, 38(1), 43-52.

    Montero, M., Peters, E., Clarebout, G., & Desmet, P. (2014). Effects of captioning on video comprehension and incidental vocabulary. Language, Learning & Technology, 18(1), 118-141.

    Nagy, W. E. (1995) On the role of context in first-and second-language vocabulary learning. Center for the Study of Reading Technical Report (pp. 3-24): University of Illinois at Urbana-champaign.

    Nation, I. S. P. (2001). Learning vocabulary in another language. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Neuman, S. В., & Koskinen, P. (1992). Captioned television as comprehensible input: Effects of incidental word learning from context for language minority students. Reading Research Quarterly, 27(1), 94-106.

    Paivio, A. (1986). Mental representations. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Paribakht, T. S., & Wesche, M. (1999). Reading and “incidental” L2 vocabulary acquisition. Studies in second language acquisition, 21(2), 195-224.

    Pujolà, J.-T. (2002). CALLing for help: Researching language learning strategies using help facilities in a web-based multimedia program. ReCALL, 14(2), 235-262.

    Schmitt, N. (2000). Vocabulary in language teaching. Cambrideg, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Secules, T., Herron, C., & Tomasello, M. (1992). The effect of video context on foreign language learning. The Modern Language Journal, 76(4), 480-490.

    Sweller, J., & Chandler, P. (1991). Cognitive load theory and the format of instruction. Cognition and instruction, 8(4), 293-332.

    Sweller, J., & Chandler, P. (1994). Why some material is difficult to learn. Cognition and instruction, 12(3), 185-233.

    Sydorenko, T. (2010). Modality of input and vocabulary acquisition. Language Learning & Technology, 14(2), 50-73.

    Taylor, G. (2005). Perceived processing strategies of students watching captioned video. Foreign Language Annals, 38(3), 422-427.

    Tschirner, E. (2001). Language acquisition in the classroom: The role of digital video. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 14(3-4), 305-319.

    Vanderplank, R. (1988). The value of teletext sub-titles in language learning. ELT journal, 42(4), 272-281.

    Vanderplank, R. (2010). Déjà vu? A decade of research on language laboratories, television and video in language learning. Language teaching, 43(1), 1-37. doi:10.1017/S0261444809990267

    Waring, R., & Nation, I. (2004). Second language reading and incidental vocabulary learning. Angles on the English speaking world, 4, 97-110.

    Webb, S. (2008). The effects of context on incidental vocabulary learning. Reading in a foreign language, 20(2), 232-245.

    Webb, S., & Rodgers, M. P. (2009a). The Lexical Coverage of Movies. Applied linguistics, 30(3), 407-427.

    Webb, S., & Rodgers, M. P. (2009b). Vocabulary demands of television programs. Language learning, 59(2), 335-366.

    Winke, P., Gass, S., & Sydorenko, T. (2010). The effects of captioning videos used for foreign language listening activities. Language Learning & Technology, 14(1), 65-86.

    Wu, Y. A. (1998). What do tests of listening comprehension test?-A retrospection study of EFL test-takers performing a multiple-choice task.Language testing, 15(1), 21-44.

    Yang, J. C., & Chang, P. (2014). Captions and reduced forms instruction: The impact on EFL students’ listening comprehension. ReCALL, 26(1), 44-61.

    Zahar, R., Cobb, T., & Spada, N. (2001). Acquiring vocabulary through reading: Effects of frequency and contextual richness. Canadian Modern Language Review, 57(4), 541-572.

    下載圖示
    QR CODE