簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 郭盈希
Kuo, Yin-Si
論文名稱: 世界文化遺產之管理:以法國勒哈佛爾為例
The Management of UNESCO World Heritage: Case Study of Le Havre
指導教授: 劉以德
Liu, Yi-De
口試委員: 張台麟
Chang, Tai-Lin
王維周
Wang, Wei-Chou
劉以德
Liu, Yi-De
口試日期: 2021/10/14
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 歐洲文化與觀光研究所
Graduate Institute of European Cultures and Tourism
論文出版年: 2021
畢業學年度: 109
語文別: 法文
論文頁數: 190
中文關鍵詞: 世界文化遺產勒哈佛爾遺產保存文化觀光遺產教育
英文關鍵詞: Patrimoine Mondial de l’UNESCO, Le Havre, Conservation, Tourisme Culturel, Éducation du Patrimoine
研究方法: 次級資料分析調查研究深度訪談法半結構式訪談法田野調查法
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202101707
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:224下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 聯合國世界文化遺產認證,是當今最有討論度的文化標章之一。成為世界文化遺產,可以迅速提升知名度,讓景點躋身文化觀光的國際舞台。然而,成為世界 文化遺產後,並不保證會有穩定、大量的觀光收入。聯合國教科文組織設立世界 文化遺產列表之初衷,也從未包含文化觀光,更遑論成為發展地方經濟的助力。 同時,自1972年認證創立以來,列為世界文化遺產之景點與文化更曾被質疑缺乏 多樣性。直到今天,我們仍在探索世界文化遺產認證之影響與作用;而聯合國教科文組織也仍在持續討論如何建立適當、多元、有代表性的世界文化遺產列表。

    位於法國諾曼地的勒哈佛爾,以其海運與港務相關產業聞名。第二次世界大戰 後,以混凝土為主要建材重建之勒哈佛爾市區,曾是法國最受爭議的城市景觀之 一。而工業色彩厚重的勒哈佛爾,在2005年時,以其建築與都市規劃之特色,在所有人的意料之外,成為了世界文化遺產。而自2005年後,勒哈佛爾更開始展現 了其工業之外的文化活力,例如:夏季藝術節、城市導覽、遊輪觀光...等。勒哈 佛爾成為世界文化遺產後,如何維護遺產,同時發展地方文化特色? 勒哈佛爾是 如何讓世界文化遺產認證不只是一時的狂歡與長久的疑惑;而是瞬間的驚喜和長遠的影響?同時,勒哈佛爾可以在世界文化遺產的議題中,帶來什麼樣的貢獻呢?

    Le Patrimoine Mondial de l’ UNESCO est un sujet fréquemment discuté. Généralement, pour une commune, le statut du Patrimoine Mondial de l’UNESCO apporte la notoriété et l’ opportunité de devenir une destination touristique à l’échelle mondiale. Cependant, le statut ne garantit pas la croissance touristique. Pourtant, la Liste du Patrimoine Mondial de l’UNESCO n’ a jamais été créée pour des objectifs économiques. De plus, pendant une période, la Liste était controversée en raison des manques de diversité. Plus précisément, les cultures vivantes et les patrimoines contemporains étaient absents à l’ époque. Jusqu’a aujourd’hui, nous explorons toujours les influences et les fonctions du statut du Patrimoine Mondial.

    Le Havre, une commune en Normandie, est reconnu principalement pour sa valeur portuaire. Le centre ville reconstruit en béton armé a été un des paysages les plus controversés en France. Le Havre a surpris toute la France en 2005, quand le centre ville reconstruit a été inscrit entant que Patrimoine Mondial de l’UNESCO. Depuis 2005, Le Havre s’ épanouit culturellement et énergiquement (e.g. Un Été au Havre, les visites guidées variées, les fréquentations des croisières...etc.). Entant que Patrimoine Mondial de l’UNESCO, comment Le Havre travaille sur la conservation, la protection, et développe ses aspects culturels? Et comment pourrait Le Havre contribuer sur les sujets concernant la Liste du Patrimoine Mondial de l’UNESCO?

    Remerciements i 謝誌 iii Résumé iv 摘要 v Table des Matières vi Table des Tableaux ix Table des Figures x Chapitre 1: Introduction 1 1.1 L’ Intérêt de la Recherche 1 1.2 Le Contexte de la Recherche 1 1.3 La Problématique et les Objectifs de la Recherche 3 1.4 Le Cas Étudié 4 1.5 La Structure du Mémoire 7 Chapitre 2: Cadre Théorique 10 2.1 Le Patrimoine Mondial de l’ UNESCO 12 2.1.1 Le Modèle de Travail du Patrimoine Mondial de l’ UNESCO 13 2.1.2 Les Ajustements du Patrimoine Mondial de l’ UNESCO 15 2.1.3 L’ Inscription au Statut du Patrimoine Mondial de l’ UNESCO 16 2.2 La Conservation 19 2.2.1 La Conservation et le Patrimoine Mondial de l’ UNESCO 20 2.2.2 Les Influences de la Conservation sur le Tourisme Culturel 21 2.2.3 Les Influences de la Conservation sur l’ Éducation du Patrimoine 23 2.3 Le Tourisme Culturel 25 2.3.1 Le Tourisme Culturel et le Patrimoine Mondial de l’ UNESCO 28 2.3.2 Les Influences du Tourisme Culturel sur la Conservation 32 2.3.3 Les Influences du Tourisme Culturel sur l’ Éducation du Patrimoine 35 2.4 L’ Éducation du Patrimoine 37 2.4.1 L’ Éducation du Patrimoine et le Patrimoine Mondial de l’ UNESCO 39 2.4.2 Les Influences de l’ Éducation du Patrimoine sur la Conservation 41 2.4.3 Les Influences de l’ Éducation du Patrimoine sur le Tourisme Culturel 43 Chapitre 3: Méthodologie 45 3.1 La Conception de la Recherche 45 3.2 Les Préparations de la Recherche sur Terrain 47 3.3 Les Sources des Données 55 3.3.1 Le Questionnaire 55 3.3.2 Les Observations 61 3.3.3 Les Renseignements 62 3.4 La Fiabilité et la Validité 64 3.4.1 La Fiabilité 64 3.4.2 La Validité 65 Chapitre 4 : Analyse et Discussion 67 4.1 Le Patrimoine Mondial de l’ UNESCO 67 4.1.1 Les Travaux Concernant le Patrimoine Mondial de l’ UNESCO 71 4.1.2 Les Contributions du Havre à la Liste du Patrimoine Mondial 76 4.1.3 L’ Inscription au Statut du Patrimoine Mondial de l’ UNESCO 77 4.2 La Conservation 85 4.2.1 La Conservation et le Patrimoine Mondial de l’ UNESCO 90 4.2.2 Les Influences de la Conservation sur le Tourisme Culturel 93 4.2.3 Les Influences de la Conservation sur l’ Éducation du Patrimoine 98 4.3 Le Tourisme Culturel 102 4.3.1 Le Tourisme Culturel et le Patrimoine Mondial de l’ UNESCO 108 4.3.2 Les Influences du Tourisme Culturel sur la Conservation 115 4.3.3 Les Influences du Tourisme Culturel sur l’ Éducation du Patrimoine 118 4.4 L’ Éducation du Patrimoine 120 4.4.1 Le Patrimoine Mondial de l’ UNESCO et l’ Éducation du Patrimoine 126 4.4.2 Les Influences de l’ Éducation du Patrimoine sur la Conservation 131 4.4.3 Les Influences de l’ Éducation du Patrimoine sur le Tourisme Culturel 135 Chapitre 5: Conclusion 143 5.1 Les Contributions Théoriques 143 5.2 Les Contributions Pragmatiques 145 5.3 Les Limites de la Recherche 147 5.4 Les Conseils pour les Futures Recherches 150 Bibliographie 153 Appendice 177 A.1 Le Questionnaire 177 A.2 Les Participants au Questionnaire 185

    About. (n.d.). Docomomo International. https://www.docomomo.com/about/ organization

    Abram, J. (2017). Le Classement UNESCO du Havre. Entretien avec Jade Maridor, été 2017.

    Abram, J. (2015, 2 Septembre). Le classement UNESCO du Havre, la valeur universelle du centre reconstruit. Conférence au Musée Malraux.

    Abram, J. (n.d.). Le Havre patrimoine mondial. contraintes et enjeux de l’inscription du patrimoine moderne sur la world heritage liste.

    Abram, J. (2011). Le Havre / Ville moderne, Le Havre-2017. 4-13.

    Abram, J. (2019). Le Havre: classement UNESCO et développement. Réponses aux
    questions de Michèle Kuo, été 2019.

    Adoption des Déclarations rétrospectives de valeur universelle exceptionnelle. (2018). UNESCO. https://whc.unesco.org/fr/decisions/7164

    Alvarez, M. D., Go, F. M. & Yüksel, A. (2016). Introduction. In Alvarez, M. D. , Go, F. M. & Yüksel, A. (Eds), Heritage tourism destinations: preservation, communication and development (pp. 1-10). CABI.

    Andriotis, K. & Vaughan, R. D. (2003). Urban residents’ attitudes toward tourism development: The case of Crete. Journal of Travel Research. 42(2), 172–185. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287503257488

    Anholt, S. (1998). Nation-brands of the twenty-first century. Journal of Brand Management. 5(6), 395–406. https://doi.org/10.1057/bm.1998.30

    Ashworth, G. (2003). Heritage: management, interpretation, identity. Continuum Books. Ashworth, G. J. & Tunbridge, J. E. (1990). The tourist-historic city. Belhaven Press.

    Association French Line. (1999). French Line. Association French Line.

    Bachlaitner, R., & Zins, A. H. (1999). Cultural tourism in rural communities: the residents’ perspective. Journal of Business Research. 44(3), 199–209. http:// doi.org/10.1016/ S0148-2963(97)00201-4

    Bachor, D. G. (2002). Increasing the believability of case study reports. The Alberta Journal of Educational Research. 48(1), 20–29.

    Badia, F. (2018). The management plan for the world heritage sites as a tool
of performance measurement and sustainability reporting: opportunities and limits in the Italian context . In Makuvaza, S. (Ed.), Aspects of management planning for cultural world heritage sites: principles, approaches and practices (pp. 25-36). Springer.

    Ballesteros, E. & Ramirez, M. (2007). Identity and community – reflections on the development of mining heritage tourism in southern Spain. Tourism Management. 28 (3), 677–687. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.03.001

    Bandarin, F. (2005). Foreword. In Harrison, D. & Hitchcock, M. (Eds.), The politics of world heritage: negotiating tourism and conservation (pp. v-vi). Clevedon, Channel View Publications.

    Barker, T., Putra, D. & Wiranatha, A. (2006). Authenticity and commodification of balinese dance performances. In Smith, M. & Robinson, M. (Eds.), Cultural tourism in a changing world: politics, participation and (re)presentation (pp. 215–224). Clevedon, Channel View Publications.

    Barthes, A. (2017). Éducation au patrimoine. In Barthes, A., Lange, J-M. & Tutiaux- Guillon, N. (Eds.), Dictionnaire critique des enjeux et concepts des éducations à...(pp.617). L’Harmattan.

    Barthes, A. (2013, Août 27-30). L’Éducation au patrimoine : une approche territorialisée de l’éducation en émergence ? [Symposium, Communication 5]. Congrès AREF, Montpellier. https://aref2013.umontpellier.fr/?q=content/213-la-problématique-«- éducation-territoire-et-territorialité-»-dans-tous-ses-états

    Barthes, A. & Blanc-Maximin, S. (2017). Quelles évolutions de l’école française face à l’éducation au patrimoine?. Revue des Sciences de l’Éducation. 43 (1), 85–115. https://doi.org/10.7202/1042075ar

    Barthes, A., Alpe, Y. & Blanc-Maximin, S. (2016). L’Éducation au patrimoine, un outil pour un développement local durable, ou une instrumentalisation de l’éducation au service de la labellisation des territoires ?. Revue Francophone du Développement Durable, Éd. Oeconomia (Clermont-Ferrand). hal-02471993

    Barthes, A. & Champollion, P. (2012). Éducation au développement durable et territoires : évolution des problématiques, modification des logiques éducatives et spécificité des contextes ruraux. Éducation Relative à l'Environnement, Regards. Recherches. Réflexions.10(2012), 83-102. https://doi.org/10.4000/ere.1049

    Beeho, A. J. & Prentice, R. C. (1997). Conceptualizing the experiences of heritage tourists: a case study of New Lanark world heritage village. Tourism Management. 18(2), 75-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(96)00103-3

    Bee la Havre, le Premier City Tour Havrais... en Bus Décapotable. (n.d.). Le Havre. https://www.lehavre.fr/actualites/bee-le-havre-le-premier-city-tour-havrais-en- bus-decapotable

    Bevir, M. (2013). A theory of governance. University of California Press.

    Bianchi, R.V. & Boniface, P. (2002). Editorial: the politics of world heritage. International Journal of Heritage Studies. 8(2), 79–80. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/13527250220143887

    Blanc-Maximin, S. (2016). Peut-on responsabiliser des élèves au patrimoine modeste par le développement de l'attachement au territoire?. Développement Durable et Territoires. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319207990_Peut- on_responsabiliser_des_eleves_au_patrimoine_modeste_par_le_developpement_d e_l%27attachement_au_territoire

    Blanc-Maximin, S. & Barthes, A. (2016, Mars 21-22). L’Éducation au patrimoine à l’école primaire: une forme scolaire contemporaine? [Atelier 2- Plein Ciel]. Le Printemps de la Recherche en ESPE, Paris. https://printemps- espe.sciencesconf.org/index.html

    Boniface, P. & Fowler, P. J. (1993). Heritage and tourism in ‘the global village’. Routledge.

    Bougault, V. (2017). Là où jeter l’ ancre. Connaissance des Arts. Hors-Série. 16-25.

    Bourdeau, L., Gravari-Barbas, M. & Robinson, M. (2015). World heritage, tourism and identity: inscription and co-production. Routledge. https://doi.org/ 10.4324/9781315546315

    Brocard, M. (2007, 13-14 Septembre). L’ intégration du patrimoine Perret dans l’ identité du Havre, “Métropole Maritime Internationale”. [Le Havre]. Ville Symboles du XXe Siècle. http://unesco.lehavre.fr/fr/transmettre/les-expositions- et-conferences

    Bruce, D. (2013). The nineteenth-century “golden age” of cultural tourism: how the beaten track of the intellectuals became the modern tourism trail. In Smith, M. K. & Richards, G. (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of cultural tourism (pp.11-18). Routledge.

    Bryce, D., Curran, R., O’Gorman, K. & Taheri, B. (2015). Visitors’ engagement and authenticity: Japanese heritage consumption. Tourism Management. 46(2015), 571–581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.08.012

    Buckley, R. (2012). Sustainable tourism: research and reality. Annals of Tourism Research. 39(2), 528–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.02.003

    Buckley, R. (2018). Tourism and natural world heritage: a complicated relationship. Journal of Travel Research. 57(5), 563-578. http://doi.org/ 10o.i.1o1rg7/71/00.1014772/08074571287751377213723

    Buckley, R., Bramwell, B. & Lane, B. (2004). The effects of world heritage listing on tourism to Australian national parks. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 12(1), 70– 84. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580408667225

    Bujdosó, Z., Dávid, L., Tözsér, A., Kovács, G., Major- Kathi, V., Uakhitova, G., Katona, P. & Vasvári, M. (2015). Basis of heritagization and cultural tourism development. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 188 (2015), 307 – 315. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.03.399

    Caffyn, A. & Lutz, J. (1999). Developing the heritage tourism product in multi-ethnic cities. Tourism Management. 20(2), 213–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0261-5177(98)00075-2

    Calver, S. & Page, S. (2013). Enlightened hedonism: exploring the relationship of service value, visitor knowledge and interest to visitor enjoyment at heritage attractions. Tourism Management. (39), 23–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.tourman.2013.03.008

    Cameron, C. & Rössler, M. (2018). Introduction of management planning for cultural world heritages sites. In Makuvaza, S. (Ed.), Aspects of management planning for cultural world heritage sites: principles, approaches and practices (pp. 3-13). Springer.

    Cameron, C. & Rössler, M. (2016). Many voices, one vision: the early years of the world heritage convention. Routledge.

    Canale, R. R., De Simone, E., Di Maio, A. & Parenti, B. (2019). UNESCO world heritage sites and tourism attractiveness: the case of Italian provinces. Land Use Policy. 85(2019), 114-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.03.037

    Carte Touristique et Plan de Ville du Havre 2019. (2019). Le Havre Étretat Normandie Tourisme. https://en.calameo.com/le-havre-etretat-tourisme/read/ 00042701724ddb9a3503e

    Cave, J., Ryan, C. & Penakara, C. (2003). Residents’ perceptions, migrant groups and culture as an attraction-the case of a proposed pacific island cultural centre in New Zealand. Tourism Management. 24(4), 371–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261- 5177(02)00110-3

    Cellini, R. (2011). Is UNESCO recognition effective in fostering tourism? A comment on Yang, Lin and Han. Tourism Management. 32(2), 452–454. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.tourman.2010.01.018

    Centre du Patrimoine Mondial de l’UNESCO. (2008). Trousse d’ information sur le patrimoine mondial. UNESCO.

    Chauvin, E. & Gencey, P. (2007). « L’Appartement Témoin Perret » au Havre: un idéal moderne et démocratique au service d’une oeuvre urbaine globale. H.U. 20 - décembre 2007, 39-54. https://doi.org/10.3917/rhu.020.0039

    Chhabra, D. (2010). Sustainable marketing of cultural and heritage tourism. Routledge.

    Coëffé, V. & Morice, J-R. (2013a). Le monument historique au prisme du tourisme.
    Juritourisme. 154 (2013), 35-38.

    Coëffé, V. & Morice, J-R. (2013b). Patrimoine et création dans la fabrique territoriale: l’ estuaire ligérien ou la construction d’un territoire métropolitain. Norois, 228(2013), 77-88.

    Cohen, E. & Cohen, S. (2012). Authentication: hot and cool. Annals of Tourism Research. 39(3), 1295–1314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.03.004

    Copeland, T. (1991). A teacher’s guide to maths and the historic environment. English Heritage.

    Craik, J. (1997). The culture of tourism sites. In Rojek, C. & Urry, J. (Eds.) Touring cultures: transformations of travel and theory (pp. 113–136.). Routledge.

    Cuccia, T. (2012). Is it worth being inscribed in the world heritage list? A case study of ‘the baroque cities in val di noto’ (Sicily). Rivista Italiana di Economia Demografia e Statistica. LXVI (2), 169-190. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ ssrn.2027892

    Culture, Sciences, Loisirs et Célébrations. (n.d. ). Archives-Le Havre. https:// archives.lehavre.fr/culture-sciences-loisirs-et-celebrations

    Dahles, H. (2013). Tourism, heritage and national culture in Java: dilemmas of a local community. Routledge.

    David, B. & Oliver, C. (2006). Contested identities: the dissonant heritage of European town walls and walled towns. International Journal of Heritage Studies. 12(3): 234–254. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527250600604498

    Decrop, A. (2004). Trustworthiness in qualitative tourism research. In Phillimore, J. & Goodson, L. (Eds.), Qualitative research in tourism (pp. 156-169). Routledge.

    Delemontey, Y. (2015). Reconstruire la France : l’ aventure du béton assemblé, 1940-1955. Édition de la Villette

    De Kadt, E. (1979). Tourism: passport to development. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Des Chantiers Expérimentaux. (n.d. ). Le Havre, Patrimoine Mondial. http:// unesco.lehavre.fr/fr/comprendre/des-chantiers-experimentaux

    De Simone, E. & Di Maio, A. (2012). The ‘global cultural good’: an economic analysis of the world heritage. Dynamics of Socio-Economic Systems. 3(2012), 16–34.

    Dewar, K., du Cros, H. & Li, W. (2012). The search for world heritage brand awareness beyond the iconic heritage: a case study of the historic centre of Macao. Journal of Heritage Tourism. 7(4), 323–339. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/1743873X.2012.722640

    Dhervillez, D. (2007, 13-14 Septembre). Mise en valeur du patrimoine et développement: le cas du Havre. [Le Havre]. Ville Symboles du XXe Siècle. http://unesco.lehavre.fr/fr/transmettre/les-expositions-et-conferences

    Du Cros, H. (2009). Emerging issues for cultural tourism in Macau. Journal of Current Chinese Affairs. 38(1), 73–99. https://doi.org/10.1177/186810260903800105

    Du Cros, H., Bauer, T., Lo, C. & Song, R. (2005). Cultural heritage assets in China as sustainable tourism products: case studies of the hutongs and the huanghua section of the Great Wall. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 13(2), 171–194. https:// doi.org/10.1080/09669580508668484

    Du Cros, H. & McKercher, B. (2015). Cultural tourism: second edition. Routledge.

    Duteurtre, V. (2007, 13-14 Septembre). La valorisation d’ un patrimoine moderne: l’ exemple du Havre. [Le Havre]. Ville Symboles du XXe Siècle. http:// unesco.lehavre.fr/fr/transmettre/les-expositions-et-conferences

    D’Sa, E. (1999). Wanted: tourists with a social conscience. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 11 (2/3), 64–68.

    Économie. ( n.d. ). Archives-Le Havre. https://archives.lehavre.fr/economie

    English Heritage. (2011). Valuing places. good practice in conservation areas. English Heritage.

    Evans, G. (2003). Hard-branding the cultural city – from Prado to Prada. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. 27(2), 417–440. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/1468-2427.00455

    Evans, G. (2002). Living in a world heritage city: stakeholders in the dialectic of the universal and particular. International Journal of Heritage Studies. 8(2), 117–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527250220143913

    Evans, N. (2015). Strategic management for tourism, hospitality and events, second edition. Routledge.

    Evans, G. (2001). World heritage at world heritage bank: culture and sustainable development. Tourism Recreation Research. 26 (1), 81–84. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/02508281.2001.11081180

    Ferrucci, S. (2012). UNESCO’s world heritage regime and its international influence. Tradition.

    Fletcher, R. (2011). Sustaining tourism, sustaining capitalism? The tourism industry’s role in global capitalist expansion. Tourism Geography. 13(3), 443–461. https:// doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2011.570372

    Fleischer, A.& Felsenstein, D. (2000). Support for rural tourism: does it make a difference?. Annals of Tourism Research. 27(4), 1007–1024. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00126-7

    Florent, L. (2011). L’utilisation du label UNESCO dans la communication touristique: entre choix et contrainte . TÉOROS. 30(2), 17-27. https://doi.org/ 10.7202/1012238ar

    Flyvbjerg, B. (2006). Five misunderstandings about case-study research. Qualitative Inquiry. 12(2), 219–245. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800405284363

    Folcher, V. & Lompré, N. (2012). Accessibilité pour et dans l'usage : concevoir des situations d’ activité adaptées à tous et à chacun. Le Travail Humain, 1(1), 89-120. https://doi.org/10.3917/th.751.0089

    Frey, B.S. & Steiner, L. (2011). World heritage list: does it make sense?. International Journal of Cultural Policy. 17(5), 555–573. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/10286632.2010.541906

    Fyall, A. & Rakic, T. (2006). The future market for world heritage sites. In Leask, A. & Fyall, A. (Eds.), Managing world heritage sites (pp. 160-175). Butterworth- Heinemann.

    Gao, Y. & Su, W. (2019). Is the world heritage just a title for tourism?. Annals of Tourism Research. 78 (2019), 102748. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.annals.2019.102748

    Getz, D. & Nilsson, P. A. (2004). Responses of family businesses to extreme seasonality in demand: the case of Bornholm, Denmark. Tourism Management. 25(1), 17–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(03)00067-0

    Glaoguen, P. (2016). Le Routard: Le Havre. HACHETTE LIVRE (Hachette Tourisme).

    Gossling, S. (2001). Tourism, economic transition and ecosystem degradation: interacting processes in a Tanzanian Coastal community. Tourism Geographies. 3(4), 430–453. https://doi.org/10.1080/146166800110070504

    Göttler, M. & Ripp, M. (2017). Community involvement in heritage management guidebook. Organisation of World Heritage Cities /OWHC/City of Regensburg.

    Graham, B. (2002). Heritage as knowledge: capital or culture? . Urban Studies. 39(5–6), 1003–1017. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420980220128426

    Graham, B., Ashworth, G. J. & Tunbridge, J. E. (2000). A geography of heritage: power, culture and economy. Hodder Arnold.

    Gravari-Barbas, M., Bourdeau, L. & Robinson, M. (2015). World heritage and tourism: from opposition to co-production. In Bourdeau, L., Gravari-Barbas, M. and Robinson, M. (Eds.), World heritage, tourism and identity: inscription and co- production (pp.1–24). Ashgate, Farnham.

    Gravari-Barbas, M. & Renard, C. (2010). Une patrimonialisation sans appropriation? le cas de l’architecture de la reconstruction au Havre. Norois. 217(2010), 57-73. http://doi.org/10.4000/norois.3476

    Grever, M., de Brujin, P. & van Boxtel, C. (2012). Negotiating historical distance: or, how to deal with the past as a foreign country in heritage education. Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education. 48 (6), 873-887. https://doi.org/10.1080/00309230.2012.709527

    Grimaud, R. . (2017). Un GRAND Week-end: La HAVRE et ses environs. HACHETTE LIVRE (Hachette Tourisme).

    Grimwade, G. & Carter, B. (2000). Managing small heritage sites with interpretation and community involvement. International Journal of Heritage Studies. 6(1), 33– 48. https://doi.org/10.1080/135272500363724

    Günlü, E., Yağcı, K. & Pırnar, İ. (2009). Preserving cultural heritage and possible impacts on regional development: case of Izmir. International Journal of Emerging Transition Economies. 2(2), 213–229.

    Gursoy, D. & Rutherford, D. G. (2004). Host attitudes toward tourism: an improved structural model. Annals of Tourism Research. 31(3), 495–516. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.annals.2003.08.008

    Hall, C. M. (2007). Pro-poor tourism: do tourism exchanges benefit primarily the countries of the south? Current Issues in Tourism. 10(2–3), 111–118. https:// doi.org/10.1080/13683500708668426

    Hall, C. M. & McArthur, S. (1998). Integrated heritage management. The Stationery Office.

    Hall, C. M. & Piggin, R. (2001). Tourism and world heritage in OECD countries. Tourism Recreation Research. 26(1), 103–105. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/02508281.2001.11081182

    Hall, C. M. & Piggin, R. (2002). Tourism business knowledge of world heritage sites: a New Zealand case study. International Journal of Tourism Research. 4 (Sep/Oct), 401–411. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.391

    Hall, C. M. & Piggin, R. (2003). World heritage sites: managing the brand. In Fyall, B., Garrod, B. & Leask, A. (Eds.), Managing Visitor Attractions: New Directions (pp. 203–219). Butterworth-Heinemann.

    Hankinson, G. (2009). Managing destination brands: establishing a theoretical foundation. Journal of Marketing Management. 25(1/2), 97-115. https://doi.org/ 10.1362/026725709X410052

    Harrison, D. & Hitchcock, M. (2005). The politics of world heritage: negotiating tourism and conservation. Channel View Publications.

    Hazen, H. (2008). ‘Of outstanding universal value’: the challenge of scale in applying the world heritage convention at national parks in the US. Geoforum. 39(1), 252– 264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2007.05.007

    Hitchcock, M. (2005). Afterword. In Harrison, D. and Hitchcock, M. (Eds.), The politics of world heritage: negotiating tourism and conservation (pp. 181–186). Channel View.

    Hitchcock, M. (2002). Zanzibar stone town joins the imagined community of world heritage sites. International Journal of Heritage Studies. 8(2), 153–166. https:// doi.org/10.1080/13527250220143931

    Hoelscher, M. (2011). Indicator suites for heritage, memory, identity. In Anheier, H. & Isar, Y.R. (Eds.), Heritage, memory & identity (pp. 287–407). Sage.

    Hollinshead, K. (2004). A primer in ontological craft: the creative capture of people and places through qualitative research. In Phillimore, J. & Goodson, L (Eds.). Qualitative research in tourism (pp. 63-82). Routledge.

    Huang, C-H., Tsaur, J-R. & Yang, C-H. (2012). Does world heritage list really induce more tourists? evidence from Macau. Tourism Management. 33(6), 1450– 1457.https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.tourman.2012.01.014

    ICOMOS. (2014). Florence declaration on heritage and landscape as human values. ICOMOS.

    ICOMOS. (n.d.). ICOMOS International Scientific Committee on Twentieth Century Heritage. ICOMOS.

    ICOMOS International Committee on Cultural Tourism. (1999). Tourism at world heritage sites: the site manager’s handbook, 2nd edition. World Tourism Organization.

    Jackson, L. A. (2008). Residents’ perceptions of the impacts of special event tourism. Journal of Place Management and Development. 1(3), 240–255. https://doi.org/ 10.1108/17538330810911244

    Jagielska-Burduk, A. & Piotr, S. (2019). Council of Europe culture heritage and education policy: preserving identity and searching for a common core? . Revista Electrónica Interuniversitaria de Formación del Profesorado. 22(1), 1–12. https:// doi.org/10.6018/reifop.22.1.354641.

    Jambes, J-P. (2001). Territoires apprenants. esquisses pour le développement local du XXIe Siècle. L’Harmattan.

    Janesick, V. J. (1994). The dance of qualitative research design: metaphor, methodolatry, and meaning. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds), Handbook of qualitative research (pp.209–219). Sage.

    Jansen-Verbeke, M. (2016). Foreword. In Alvarez, M. D., Go, F. M. & Yüksel, A. (Eds.), Heritage tourism destinations: preservation, communication and development (pp. xii-xiv). CABI.

    Jansen-Verbeke, M. & McKercher, B. (2013). Reflections on the myth of tourism preserving “traditional” agricultural landscapes. Journal of Resources and Ecology. 4(3), 242-249. https://doi.org/10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2013.03.007

    Jimura, T. (2011). The impact of world heritage site designation on local communities: a case study of Ogimachi, Shirakawa-mura, Japan. Tourism Management. 32(2), 288–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.02.005

    Jimura, T. (2007). The impact of world heritage site designation on local communities – a comparative study of Ogimachi (Japan) and Saltaire (UK). [Doctoral thesis, Nottingham Trent University].

    Jimura, T. (2015). The relationship between world heritage designation and local identity. In Bourdeau, L., Gravari-Barbas, M. & Robinson, M. (Eds), World heritage, tourism and identity: inscription and co-production (pp. 81–91). Ashgate, Farnham.

    Jimura, T. (2019). World heritage sites: tourism, local communities and conservation. CABI.

    Jordan, F. & Gibson, H. (2004). Let your data do the talking: researching the solo travel experience of British and American women. In Phillimore, J. & Goodson, L (Eds.). Qualitative research in tourism (pp. 215-235). Routledge.

    Kalman, H. (2014). Heritage planning: principles and process. Taylor and Francis.

    Kaminski, J., Benson, A. M. & Arnold, D. (2014). Introduction. In Kaminski, J., Benson, A. M. & Arnold, D. (Eds.), Contemporary issues in cultural heritage tourism (pp. 3–18). Routledge.

    Kammeier, H. D. (2003, Octobre 17-22). Global concerns – local responsibilities – global and local benefits: the growing business of world heritage. ISOCARP Congress, Cairo. https://isocarp.org/activities/isocarp-annual-world-congress-2/ past-isocarp-congresses/39th-isocarp-congress-cairo-egypt-17-22-october-2003/

    Kasim, A. (2011). Balancing tourism and religious experience: understanding devotees’ perspectives on Thaipusam in Batu caves, Selangor, Malaysia. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management. 20(3–4), 441–456. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/19368623.2011.562437

    Kim, H., Oh, C.O., Lee, S. & Lee, S. (2018). Assessing the economic values of world heritage sites and the effects of perceived authenticity on their values. International Journal of Tourism Research. 20(1), 126–136. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/jtr.2169

    Kladou, S. & Mauragani, E. (2016). A social media approach to evaluating heritage destination perceptions: the case of Istanbul. In Alvarez, M. D., Go, F. M. & Yüksel, A. (Eds.), Heritage tourism destinations : preservation, communication and development (pp. 91-104). CABI.

    Kloos, M. & Alberth, F. (2018). The case study of the town of Bamberg (Germany) concerning the combination of management plans with participation strategies in urban world heritage properties. In Makuvaza, S. (Ed.), Aspects of management planning for cultural world heritage sites: principles, approaches and practices (pp. 209-223). Springer.

    Kozymka, I. (2014). Theoretical perspectives. In Kozymka, I. (Ed.), The diplomacy of culture (pp. 9–27). Palgrave Macmillan.

    Labadi, S. (2013). UNESCO, cultural heritage, and outstanding universal value: value- based analyses of the world heritage and intangible cultural heritage conventions. AltaMira Press.

    Labadi, S., & Logan, W. S. (2015). Urban heritage, development and sustainability: international frameworks, national and local governance. Routledge.

    Label Pays d’ Art et d’ Histoire. (n.d.). Le Havre Étretat Normandie Tourisme. https:// www.lehavre-etretat-tourisme.com/a-voir-a-faire/visiter/label-pays-dart-et- dhistoire/

    Label “Ville et Pays d’ Art et d’ Histoire”. (n.d.). Ministère de la Culture. https:// www.culture.gouv.fr/Aides-demarches/Protections-labels-et-appellations/Label- Ville-et-Pays-d-art-et-d-histoire

    Label “Ville et Pays d’ Art et d’ Histoire” (VPAH). (n.d.). Ministère de la Culture. https://www.culture.gouv.fr/Regions/Drac-Grand-Est/aides/Labels-et-appellations/ label_vpah

    Landorf, C. (2009). Managing for sustainable tourism: a review of six cultural world heritage sites. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 17(1), 53–70. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/09669580802159719

    Landry, C. (2000). The Creative City: A Toolkit for Urban Innovators. Earthscan Publications.

    Lane, B. (2009). Rural tourism: an overview. In Jamal, T. & Robinson, M. (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of tourism studies (pp. 354–370). Sage.

    La Puissance Portuaire. (n.d.). Le Havre Seine Développement. https:// lehavreseinedeveloppement.com/simplanter-au-havre/la-puissance-portuaire/

    Law, C. M. (2002). Urban tourism: the visitor economy and the growth of large cities, second edition. Continuum.

    Lazzarotti, O. (2003b). Patrimoine. In Lévy, J. & Lussault, M. (Eds.), Dictionnaire de géographie et de l’espace des sociétés (pp. 692-693). Belin.

    Lazzarotti, O. (2009). Patrimoine et tourisme: un couple de la mondialisation. MappeMonde. 57 (1), 12-15.

    Lazzarotti, O. (2003a). Tourisme et patrimoine: ad augusta per angustia. Annales de Géographie. 639, 91-110. https://doi.org/10.3406/geo.2003.893

    Le Cieux , L. (2011, November 27-December2). Développement comme tourisme : un exemple probant au Havre [Thème 3, Session2]. ICOMOS 17th General Assembly, Paris. https://www.icomos.org/en/9-uncategorised/1836-icomos-17th- general-assembly-scientific-symposium-proceedings

    Le Courrier Cauchois. (2021, 6 Juillet). Seine-Maritime. Des Perturbations Attendues sur la Ligne Paris-Rouen-Le Havre. Le Courrier Cauchois. https:// www.lecourriercauchois.fr/actualite-286533-seine-maritime-des-perturbations- attendues-sur-la-ligne-paris-rouen-le-havre

    Leask, A. (2006). World heritage site designation. In Leask, A. & Fyall, A. (Eds.) Managing world heritage Sites (pp. 5–19). Butterworth-Heinemann.

    Le Havre. (2016). Aire de mise en valeur de l’architecte et du patrimoine valant SPR (Site Patrimonial Remarquable): 1. rapport de présentation. Le Havre.

    Le Havre. (2018). Commission locale de l’ aire de mise en valeur de l’ architecture et du patrimoine (AVAP) du Havre valant site patrimonial remarquable (SPR)/ Réunion du 16 Novembre 2018/ Compte-rendu décisionnel. https://www.lehavre.fr/sites/ default/files/atoms/files/cr_avap_-_spr_16.11.18_signe.pdf

    Le Havre. (2005). Le Havre, la ville reconstruite par Auguste Perret, proposition d’ inscription du CENTRE RECONSTRUIT du Havre sur la liste du patrimoine mondial. Ville du Havre.

    Le Havre, Ville d’ Art et d’ Histoire. (n.d.). Le Havre, Patrimoine Mondial. http:// unesco.lehavre.fr/fr/transmettre/le-havre-ville-dart-et-dhistoire

    Le Havre, la Ville Reconstruite par Auguste Perret. (n.d. ). UNESCO. https:// whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1181/? TSPD_101_R0=080713870fab2000b397b936059e994152c3c7f5a00180b1eaf8c0 2623649b592542aec330f3f98e083e103786143000d485588269ca4af6d13ee79349 40c21cb625b0ddb5eb4387ac8edddecc9bce48e2f41043e97e516bf0af05778ba367 36

    La Valeur Universelle Exceptionnelle. (n.d.). Le Havre, Patrimoine Mondial. http:// unesco.lehavre.fr/fr/comprendre/la-valeur-universelle-exceptionnelle

    Li, M., Wu, B. & Cai, L. (2008). Tourism development of world heritage sites in China: a geographic perspective. Tourism Management. 29(2), 308–319. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.tourman.2007.03.013

    Liburd, J. J. & Edwards, D. (2010). Understanding the sustainable development of tourism. Good- Fellow.

    Light, D. (1995). Heritage as informal education. In Herbert, D. (Ed.), Heritage, tourism and society (pp. 117-145). Mansell Publishing.

    Liu, Z. & Jenkins, C. L. (1996). Country size and tourism development: a cross-nation analysis. In Briguglio, L., Archer, B., Jafari, J. & Wall, G. (Eds.), Sustainable tourism in islands and small states: issues and policies (pp. 90–117). Pinter.

    Lobovikov-Katz, A. (2009). Heritage education for heritage conservation. A Teaching Approach, Strain. 45(1), 480–484. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1475-1305.2008.00569.x.

    Lochrie, S. (2016). Theoretical perspectives on world heritage management: stewardship and stakeholders. In Alvarez, M. D., Go, F. M. & Yüksel, A. (Eds.), Heritage tourism destinations: preservation, communication and development (pp. 105-121). CABI.

    Logan, W. S. & Smith, L. (2009). Series general co-editors’ foreword. In Smith, L. & Akagawa, N. (Eds.), Intangible heritage (pp. xii– xiii). Routledge.

    Long, P. H. (2012). Tourism impacts and support for tourism development in Ha Long Bay, Vietnam: an examination of residents’ perceptions. Asian Social Science. 8(8), 28–39. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v8n8p28

    Lowenthal, D. (1985). The past is a foreign country. Cambridge University Press.

    Lusiani, M., Ferri, P. & Zan, L. (2018). Making sense of site management. In Makuvaza, S. (Ed.), Aspects of management planning for cultural world heritage sites: principles, approaches and practices (pp. 227-239). Springer.

    Lussetyowati, T. (2015). Preservation and conservation through cultural heritage tourism. case study: musi riverside palembang. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 184, 401 – 406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.05.109

    Lynch, M., Duinker, P., Sheehan, L. & Chute, J. E. (2010). Sustainable Mi’Kmaw cultural tourism development in Nova Scotia, Canada: examining cultural tourist and Mi’kmaw perspectives. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 18(4), 539–556. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580903406605

    Macleod, D. V. L. (2013). Tourism, anthropology and cultural configuration. In Smith, M. K. & Richards, G. (Eds), The Routledge handbook of cultural Tourism (pp. 195-200 ). Routledge.

    MacDonald, R. & Jolliffe, L. (2003). Cultural rural tourism: evidence from Canada. Annals of Tourism Research. 30(2), 307–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0160-7383(02)00061-0

    Massidda, C. & Etzo, I. (2012). The determinants of Italian domestic tourism: a panel data analysis. Tourism Management. 33(3), 603–610. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.tourman.2011.06.017

    Mbaiwa, J. E. (2011). Changes on traditional livelihood activities and lifestyles caused by tourism development in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Tourism Management. 32(5), 1050–1060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.09.002

    McKercher, B. (1993). Some fundamental truths about tourism: understanding tourism’s social and environmental impacts. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 1(1), 6–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669589309450697

    McKercher, B. & Chow, B. (2001). Cultural distance and cultural tourism participation. Pacific Tourism Review. 5(1/2), 21–30.

    McKercher, B. & du Cros, H. (2005). Cultural heritage and visiting attractions. In Buhalis, D. & Costa, C. (Eds.), Tourism business frontiers: consumers, products and industry (pp. 211–219). Butterworth-Heinemann.

    McKercher, B. & du Cros, H. (2002). Cultural tourism: the partnership between tourism and cultural heritage management. Haworth.

    Medina, L. K. (2003). Commoditizing culture: tourism and maya identity. Annals of Tourism Research. 30(2), 353–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0160-7383(02)00099-3

    Millar, S. (1989). Heritage management for heritage tourism. Tourism Management. 10(1), 9-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(89)90030-7

    Mishra, P. K., Rout, H. B. & Mohapatra, S. S. (2011). Causality between tourism and economic growth: empirical evidence from India. European Journal of Social Sciences. 18(4), 518–527.

    Morgan, D. J. (2002). A new pier for New Brighton: resurrecting a community symbol. Tourism Geographies. 4(4), 426–439. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/14616680210158155

    Moscardo, G. & Woods, B. (1998). Managing tourism in the wet tropics world heritage area: interpretation and the experience of visitors on skyrail. In E. Laws, B. Faulkner, & G. Moscardo (Eds.), Embracing and managing change in tourism (pp. 307–323). Routledge.

    Nicholas, L. N., Thapa, B. & Ko, Y. J. (2009). Residents’ perspectives of a world heritage site: the Pitons management area, St Lucia. Annals of Tourism Research. 36(3), 390–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2009.03.005

    Notre Patrimoine Mondial. (n.d.). UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/fr/apropos/

    Nouvellon, M. C. (2020, 29 Juillet). Après la Destruction de l’École Videcoq, le Chantier de la Tour Alta est lancé au Havre. 76actu. https://actu.fr/normandie/le- havre_76351/apres-la-destruction-de-l-ecole-videcoq-le-chantier-de-la-tour-alta- est-lance-au-havre_35172080.html

    Novarina, G. & Ruault, J-F. (2016). Le centre reconstruit du Havre. https:// halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01614729/document

    Nuryanti, W. (1996). Heritage and postmodern tourism. Annals of Tourism Research. 23 (2), 249–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(95)00062-3

    Okech, R. N. (2010). Socio-cultural impacts of tourism on world heritage sites: communities’ perspective of Lamu (Kenya) and Zanzibar Islands. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research. 15(3), 339–351. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/10941665.2010.503624

    Orbasli, A. (2000). Tourists in historic towns. Taylor & Francis.

    Organisations Consultatives. (n.d.). UNESCO. https://whc.unesco.org/fr/ organisationsconsultatives/'

    Page, S. (1995). Urban tourism. Routledge.

    Page, S. & Connell, J. (2014). Tourism: a modern synthesis, fourth edition. Cengage Learning.

    Page, S. & Hall, C. (2003). Managing urban tourism. Prentice-Hall.

    Park, H-Y. (2014). Heritage tourism. Routledge.

    Parsons, E. & Maclaran, P. (2009). Contemporary issues in marketing and consumer behavior. Butterworth Heinemann.

    Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (4th Ed.). Sage.

    Paskaleva-Shapira, K. A. (2007). New paradigms in city tourism management: redefining destination promotion. Journal of Travel Research. 46(1), 108. https:// doi.org/10.1177/0047287507302394

    Patuelli, R., Mussoni, M. & Candela, G. (2013). The effects of world heritage sites on domestic tourism: a spatial interaction model for italy. Journal of Geographical Systems. 15(2013), 369–402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10109-013-0184-5

    Pays d’ Art et d’ Histoire. (n.d.). Le Havre Seine Métropole. https:// www.lehavreseinemetropole.fr/pays-dart-et-dhistoire

    Pearce, D. (1997). The role of the public sector in conservation and tourism planning. In W. Nuryunti (Ed.), Tourism and heritage management (pp. 88–100). Gadjah Mada University Press.

    Pearson, M. & Sullivan, S. (1995). Looking after heritage places: the basics of heritage planning for managers, landowners and administrators. Melbourne University Press.

    Perrottel, T. (2002). Route 66 AD: on the trail of ancient roman tourists. Random House.

    Petr, C. (2009). Fame is not always a positive asset for heritage equity! some clues from buying intentions of national tourists. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 26(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548400802656694

    Petzet, M. (1994). ‘In the full richness of their authenticity’ – the test of authenticity and the new cult of monuments. In Larsen, K. (Ed.), 1994 proceedings of the Nara (pp. 85–100). Conference on Authenticity in Relation to the World Heritage Convention, Nara, Japan; UNESCO World Heritage Centre (France); Agency for Cultural Affairs (Japan); ICCROM (Italy) & ICOMOS (France).

    Phillimore, J. & Goodson, L. (2004a). Progress in qualitative research in tourism: epistemology, ontology and methodology. In Phillimore, J. & Goodson, L (Eds.). Qualitative research in tourism (pp. 3-29). Routledge.

    Phillimore, J. & Goodson, L. (2004b). The inquiry paradigm in qualitative tourism research. In Phillimore, J. Et Goodson, L (Eds.). Qualitative research in tourism (pp. 30-45). Routledge.

    Picard, M. (2008). Balinese identity as tourist attraction: from ‘cultural
tourism’ (Pariwisata Budaya) to ‘Balierect’ (Ajeg Bali). Tourist Studies. 8(2), 155– 173. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468797608099246

    Pine, J. & Gilmore, J. (1999). The experience economy. Harvard Business School Press.

    Piscitelli, M. (2019). Promotion of heritage tourism through branding and graphic communication. In Srivastava, S. (Ed.), Conservation and promotion of heritage tourism (pp. 87-107). IGI Global.

    Pocock, D. (1997). Some reflections on world heritage. Area. 29(3), 260–268. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.1997.tb00028.x

    Poloni, R. J. S., Ferreira, M. L. M., & De Mamman Marchi, D. (2018). National identities, new actors, and management of world heritage sites: the case of Ouro Preto and a Jesuit Mission of the Guaranis in Brazil. In Makuvaza, S. (Ed.), Aspects of management planning for cultural world heritage sites: principles, approaches and practices (pp. 195-207). Springer.

    Poria, Y., Butler, R. & Airey, D. (2003). The core of heritage tourism. Annals of Tourism Research. 30(1), 238–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(02)00064-6

    Poria, Y., Reichel, A. & Cohen, R. (2013). Tourists’ perceptions of world heritage site and its designation. Tourism Management. 35 (2013), 272–274. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.tourman.2012.02.011

    Poria, Y., Reichel, A. & Cohen, R. (2011). World heritage site – is it an effective brand name? A case study of a religious heritage site. Journal of Travel Research. 50(5), 482–495. http://doi.org/10.1177/0047287510379158

    Prentice, R. (1993). Tourism and heritage attractions. Routledge.

    Projet Videcoq, Le Havre. (n.d.). Hamonic+Masson & Associé. http://www.hamonic- masson.com/Projet-Videcoq-Le-Havre?lang=fr

    Proposition d’ Inscription à la Liste du Patrimoine Mondial. (n.d.). UNESCO. https:// whc.unesco.org/fr/nominations/

    Puczko, L. (2006). Interpretation in cultural tourism. In Smith, M. K. & Robinson, M. (Eds), Cultural tourism in a changing world: politics, participation and (re)presentation (pp. 227-243). Channel View.

    Puppim de Oliveira, J. A. (2003). Governmental responses to tourism development: three Brazilian case studies. Tourism Management. 24(1), 97–110. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0261-5177(02)00046-8

    Rátz, T. & Puczkó, L. (2003). A world heritage industry? Tourism at Hungarian world heritage sites. In Gravari-Barbas, M. & Guichard-Anguis, S. (Eds.), Regards croisés sur le patrimoine dans le monde à l’aube du XXIe siècle ( pp. 467–481). Presses de l’Université de Paris-Sorbonne.

    Région-Haute Normandie. (1999). Le Havre, Auguste Perret et la reconstruction/ inventaire général du patrimoine culturel. Inventaire Général.

    Région Normandie. (2017). Le Havre 1517-2017: la demeure urbaine. Éditions Lieux Dits.

    Renzulli, J. S. (2005). The three-ring conception of giftedness: a developmental model for Promoting Creative Productivity. In R. J. Sternberg & J. E. Davidson (Eds.), Conceptions of giftedness (pp. 246–279). Cambridge University Press. https:// doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511610455.015

    Ribaudo, G. & Fig ini, P. (2017). The puzzle of tourism demand at destinations hosting UNESCO world heritage sites: an analysis of tourism flows for Italy. Journal of Travel Research. 56 (4), 521–542. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0047287516643413

    Richards, G. (1996a). Cultural tourism in Europe. CABI.

    Richards, G. (2007). Cultural tourism: global and local perspectives. Haworth.

    Richards, G. (2011). Cultural tourism trends in Europe: a context for the development of cultural routes. In Khovanova-Rubicondo, K. (Ed.), Impact of European cultural routes on SMEs’ innovation and competitiveness (pp. 21–39). Council of Europe Publishing.

    Richards, G. (1996b). Production and consumption of European cultural tourism. Annals of Tourism Research. 23, 261–283. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/0160-7383(95)00063-1

    Ringbeck, B. (2018). The world heritage convention and its management concept. In Makuvaza, S. (Ed.), Aspects of management planning for cultural world heritage sites: principles, approaches and practices (pp. 15-24). Springer.

    Ripp, M. (2013). Integrated cultural management plans for European world heritage cities. quality control and conflict management at world heritage cities. Berlin: Federal Ministry for Transport, Building and Urban Development.

    Ripp, M. & Rodwell, D. (2018). Governance in UNESCO world heritage sites: reframing the role of management plans as a tool to improve community engagement. In Makuvaza, S. (Ed.), Aspects of management planning for cultural world heritage sites: principles, approaches and practices (pp. 241-253). Springer.

    Ripp, M., & Rodwell, D. (2016). The governance of urban heritage. The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice. 7(1), 81–108. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/17567505.2016.1142699

    Rodwell, D. (2004). The world heritage convention and the exemplary management of complex heritage sites. Journal of Architectural Conservation. 8(3), 40–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2002.10785326

    Rössler, M. (2012). Partners in site management. a shift in focus: heritage and community involvement. In M.-T. Albert, M. Richon, M. J. Viňals, & A. Witcomb (Eds.), Community development through world heritage (pp. 27–31). World Heritage Center.

    Ruddin, L. P. (2006). You can generalize stupid! social scientists, bent Flyvbjerg, and case study methodology. Qualitative Inquiry. 12(4), 797-812. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/1077800406288622

    Ruoss, E. (2016). Opportunities to leverage world heritage sites for local development in the Alps. Eco.Mont, 8(1), 53–61. https://doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-8-1s53

    Ryan, C. (2002). Tourism and cultural proximity examples from New Zealand. Annals of Tourism Research. 29(4), 952-971.https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0160-7383(02)00006-3

    Ryan, J. & Silvanto, S. (2010). The purposes and politics of destination branding. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 27(5), 533–545. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/10548408.2010.499064

    Ryan, J. & Silvanto, S. (2009). The world heritage list: the making and management of a brand. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. 5(4), 290–300. https://doi.org/ 10.1057/pb.2009.21

    Schouten, F. F. J. (1995). Heritage as historical reality. In Herbert, D. (Ed. ), Heritage, tourism and society (pp. 21-31). Mansell Publishing.

    Schuitema, K. (2016). Social memory and identity in the gentrifying neighbourhood of Tophane (Istanbul). In Alvarez, M. D., Go, F. M. & Yüksel, A. (Eds), Heritage tourism destinations : preservation, communication and development (pp. 22-40). CABI.

    Shackley, M. (1998). Introduction – world cultural heritage sites. In Shackley, M. (Ed.), Visitor management: case studies from world heritage Sites (pp. 1–9). Butterworth-Heinemann.

    Sharples, L., Yeoman, I. & Leask, A. (1999). Operations management. In Leask, A. & Yeoman, I. (Eds.), Heritage visitor attractions. an operations management perspective (pp. 22–38). Cassell.

    Sharpley, R. (2002). Rural tourism and the challenge of tourism diversification: the case of Cyprus. Tourism Management. 23(3), 233–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0261-5177(01)00078-4

    Sharpley, R. (2000). The consumption of tourism revisited. In Robinson, M., Long, P., Evans, N., Sharpley, R. & Swarbrooke, J. (Eds.), Motivations, behaviours and tourist types (pp. 381–392). Centre for Travel and Tourism/Business Education Publishers.

    Sirakaya, E., Teye, V. & Sonmez, S. (2002). Understanding residents’ support for tourism development in the central region of Ghana. Journal of Travel Research. 41(1), 57–67.

    Site Patrimonial Remarquable. (n.d.). Le Havre. https://www.lehavre.fr/pratique/site- patrimonial-remarquable

    Sizer, S. R. (1999). The ethical challenges of managing pilgrimages to the Holy land. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 11(2/3), 85–90.

    Smith, M. (2002). A critical evaluation of the global accolade: the significance of world heritage site status for maritime Greenwich. International Journal of Heritage Studies. 8(2), 137–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527250220143922

    Smith, M. K. (2016). Issues in cultural tourism: third edition. Routledge.

    SNCF RESEAU NORMANDIE Direction Territoriale. (n.d. ). ACTUALITÉS 2021. SNCF RESEAU NORMANDIE Direction Territoriale.

    Snyman, S. & Spenceley, A. (2012). Key sustainable tourism mechanisms for poverty reduction and local socioeconomic development in Africa. Africa Insight. 42(2), 76–93.

    Srivastava, S. (2019). Conservation and promotion of heritage tourism. IGI Global.

    Stolarick, K. M., Denstedt, M., Donald, B. & Spencer, G. M. (2010). Creativity, tourism and economic development in a rural context: the case of prince Edward county. Journal of Rural and Community Development. 5(1/2), 238-254.

    Stratégie Globale. (n.d.). UNESCO. https://whc.unesco.org/fr/strategieglobale/

    Su, M. M. & Wall, G. (2014). Community participation in tourism at a world heritage site: Mutianyu Great Wall, Beijing, China. International Journal of Tourism Research. 16(2), 146–156. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.1909

    Su, M. M., Wall, G. & Xu, K. (2016). Heritage tourism and livelihood sustainability of a resettled rural community: mount Sanqingshan world heritage site, China. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 24(5), 735–757. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/09669582.2015.1085868

    Tamborini, C. R. (2007). Work, wages and gender in export-oriented cities: global assembly versus international tourism in Mexico. Bulletin of Latin American Research. 26(1), 24–49.

    Taylor, J. (2001). Authenticity and sincerity in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research. 28(1), 7–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(00)00004-9

    Telfer, D. (2009). Development studies and tourism. In Jamal, T. & Robinson, M. (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of tourist studies (pp. 146–165). Sage.

    Tendance Ouest. (2021, 15 Mars). Le Havre. La Ville et Ses Habitants : Réconciliation en Marche. https://www.tendanceouest.com/actualite-378292-le-havre-la-ville-et- ses-habitants-reconciliation-en-marche.html

    Teo, P. & Huang, S. (1995). Tourism and heritage conservation in Singapore. Annals of Tourism Research. 22(3), 589–615. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(95)00003- O

    Tilden, F. (1977). Interpreting our heritage. University of North Carolina Press. Timothy, D. J. (2007). Managing heritage and cultural tourism resources. Critical
    Essays, Vol. one. Aldershot.

    Timothy, D. & Boyd, S. (2006). Heritage tourism in the 21st century: valued traditions and new perspectives. Journal of Heritage Tourism. 1(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/17438730608668462

    Timothy, D. & Boyd, S. (2003). Heritage tourism. Prentice Hall.

    Timur, S. & Getz, D. (2009). Sustainable tourism development: how do destination stakeholders perceive sustainable urban tourism?. Sustainable Development. 17(4), 220–232. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.384

    Tourisme Durable. (n.d.). UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/fr/tourisme/

    Trease, G. (1967). The Grand Tour. Heinemann.

    UNESCO. (1972). Convention concernent la protection du Patrimoine Mondial culturel et naturel. UNESCO.

    UNESCO. (2003). Convention pour la sauvegarde du Patrimoine culturel immatériel. UNESCO.

    UNESCO. (2019). Orientations devant guider la mise en oeuvre de la convention du Patrimoine Mondial. UNESCO.

    Urry, J. (1990). The tourist gaze: leisure and travel in contemporary societies. Sage.

    Urry, J. (2002) The tourist gaze, second edition. Sage.

    Uzzell, D. L. (1989). Heritage interpretation: Vol 1: the natural and built environment. Belhaven Press.

    Vallée de l’Elbe à Dresde. (n.d.). UNESCO. https://whc.unesco.org/fr/soc/794/.

    Vareiro, L. M. D. C., Remoaldo, P. C. & Cadima Ribeiro, J. A. (2013). Residents’ perceptions of tourism impacts in Guimarães (Portugal): a cluster analysis. Current Issues in Tourism. 16(6), 535–551. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/13683500.2012.707175

    Visite Pays d’ Arts et d’ Histoire. (n.d.). Le Havre. https://www.lehavre.fr/agenda/visites- pays-dart-et-dhistoire

    Wall, G. (2003). Perspectives on temporal change and the history of tourism and recreation. In Cooper, C. (Ed.), Progress in tourism research (pp. 77–86). Channel View Publications.

    Wall, G. (2004, 4-7 Septembre). Protected areas as tourist attractions. [Tourism Crossroads – Global Influences, Local Responses]. 13th Nordic Symposium in Tourism and Hospitality Research, Aalborg.

    Walle, A. H. (1993). Tourism and traditional people: forging equitable strategies. Journal of Travel Research. 31(3), 14–19. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/004728759303100303

    Wang, N. (1999). Rethinking authenticity in tourism experience. Annals of Tourism Research. 26(2), 349–370.

    Wang, C. & Xu, H. (2011). Government intervention in investment by Chinese listed companies that have diversified into tourism. Tourism Management. 32(6), 1371– 1380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.01.012

    Wang, Z., Yang, Z., Wall, G., Xu, X., Han, F., Du, X. & Liu, Q. (2015). Is it better for a tourist destination to be a world heritage site? visitors’ perspectives on the inscription of Kanas on the world heritage list in China. Journal for Nature Conservation. 23(2015), 19–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2014.11.001

    Whyte, B., Hood, T. & White, B. (2012). Cultural and heritage tourism: a handbook for community champions. Federal Provincial Territorial Ministers of Culture and Heritage.

    Williams, P. (1998). Sustainable tourism: a global perspective. Butterworth-Heinemann.

    Winter, T. (2013). Culture of interpretation. In Staiff, R., Bushell, R. & Watson, S. (Eds.), Heritage and tourism: place, encounter, engagement (pp. 172–186). Routledge.

    Yan, C. & Morrison, A. (2007). The influence of visitors’ awareness of world heritage listings: a case study of Huangshan, Xidi and Hongcun in southern Anhui, China. Journal of Heritage Tourism. 2(3), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.2167/jht059.0

    Yan, L. & McKercher, B. (2013). Travel culture in Eastern Jin China (317–420 AD): the emergence of a travel culture of landscape appreciation. Annals of Tourism Research. 43(2013), 20–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2013.03.007

    Yang, Y., Xue, L., & Jones, T. E. (2019). Tourism-enhancing effect of world heritage sites: panacea or placebo? A meta-analysis. Annals of Tourism Research. 75(2019), 19-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2018.12.007

    Yin, R. K. (2006). Mixed methods research: are the methods genuinely integrated or merely parallel?. Research in the Schools. 13(1), 41–47.

    Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: design and methods sixth edition. Sage

    Yin, R. K., & Davis, D. (2007). Adding new dimensions to case study evaluations: the case of evaluating comprehensive reforms. In G. Julnes & D. J. Rog (Eds.), Informing federal policies for evaluation methodology: new directions in program evaluation, No. 113 ( pp. 75–93). Jossey-Bass.

    Young, I. (2001). The influence of fundamental values on the relationship between world heritage sites and tourism. Tourism Recreation Research. 26(1), 109–112.

    Yulmaz, E. & Yulmaz, E. E. (2019). The role and importance of rural tourism on the development and promotion of cultural heritage tourism. In Srivastava, S. (Ed.), Conservation and promotion of heritage tourism (pp. 108-126). IGI Global.

    無法下載圖示 電子全文延後公開
    2026/10/14
    QR CODE