研究生: |
廖珮君 |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
諮商員在與有分離焦慮案主結案的因應歷程研究 A Study of Counselor’s Coping Process with Separation Anxiety Client in Termination |
指導教授: | 王麗斐 |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
教育心理與輔導學系 Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling |
論文出版年: | 2012 |
畢業學年度: | 100 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 122 |
中文關鍵詞: | 分離焦慮 、結案 、因應歷程 |
英文關鍵詞: | separation anxiety, termination, coping process |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:210 下載:29 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本研究之目的在了解諮商員在與有分離焦慮議題案主結案的過程中,其所知覺的結案挑戰、內在反應,以及因應的歷程和結果。本研究邀請四位曾與有分離焦慮議題案主諮商且結案的諮商員,運用半結構式的深度訪談法進行資料蒐集,以現象學取向的方法步驟進行資料分析與歸納。本研究的結果與發現如下:
一、諮商員的結案諮商歷程:依據四位受訪者的結案經驗分析,諮商員處理與分離焦慮案主結案的歷程可分為三個階段:1. 諮商初期:轉介與關係建立;2. 諮商中期:分離議題浮現;3. 諮商後期:分離議題重現與經驗重建、真實分離的失落。
二、諮商員面對與分離焦慮議題案主結案的內在反應:諮商員在面對與有分離焦慮議題案主結案時的內在反應特色說明如下:1.挫折、焦慮、懷疑、自我批評是主要面對結案困境的情緒與認知反應;2.諮商中容易被案主強烈的情緒觸動或認同;3.案主分離議題重現,容易引發諮商員的個人議題與複雜情緒;4.諮商員本身的失落經驗可載舟也可覆舟;5.正向反移情多於負向反移情。
三、諮商員面對與分離焦慮議題案主結案的因應方式及其結果:本研究之受訪者處理結案的方式大致可朝諮商架構、情緒處理、回顧成長、兩人關係、未來計畫、評估概念化等六大方向。而影響分離焦慮案主失落情緒之轉變的影響因素包括:1.分離討論需奠基在穩定關係的基礎上;2. 案主意願影響諮商效果;3.諮商員也需準備好自我結案的心情;4.善用諮商關係討論分離;5. 歷程回顧與討論是重要的項目。
最後根據本研究的結論與發現,分別對未來研究者及諮商實務工作者提出若干建議。
The purpose of this research is to understand counselor’s coping process with separation anxiety clients in termination. Four counselors who had counseling and termination experiences with separation anxiety clients were interviewed. The research used semi-structured interviews to collect data, and the data were analyzed according to the principles of phenomenological approach. The result and conclusions are as follows:
1. According to the participant’s termination experiences, the termination process have to go through three stages, such as: (1) The beginning of the counseling: refer and construct counseling relationship; (2) The middle of counseling: separation problems appear; (3) The end of the counseling: separation problems reappear, experiences reconstruct, and the loss of real separation.
2. The participant’s reactions included: (1) Frustration, anxiety, doubt and self-criticism are the most emotion and recognition reaction in difficult position; (2) Counselors are easily touched or identify client’s strong emotions; (3) When client’s separation problems reappear, counselor’s countertransference issues are easily triggered; (4) Counselor’s loss experiences can load the boat, can also cover the boat; (5) Positive countertransferences are more than negative countertransference.
3. The coping aspects included: construct the frameworks of counseling, deal with emotions, review progress, counseling relationships , future plans, evaluation and conceptualization. Also, counselor need to keep an eye on: (1) A stable relationship is the foundation of separation discussion; (2) Client’s will affects the counseling effect; (3) Counselors also have to prepare the emotions for termination; (4) Using counseling relationship to discuss separation; (5) Discussing and reviewing the counseling process is important to the end.
In the end of this study, the researcher concludes the findings and offers substantial suggestions for counselors in the future.
中文部分:
吳蓓芬(2009):遊戲治療師的反移情經驗研究。台北市立教育大學心理與諮商
學系碩士論文。
吳麗娟(1998):精神動力取向諮商歷程的結束-談結案的概念與作法。諮商與輔導,146,14-19。
林淑君(1998):心理助人者的反移情研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導學系碩士論文。
林淑華(2008):諮商師的結案經驗研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導與諮商學系所碩士論文。
林家興、王麗文(2003):心理治療實務。台北:心理。
胡幼慧(2008):轉型中的質性研究:演變、批判和女性主義研究觀點。台北市:巨流文化。
高淑清(2008a):質性研究的十八堂課:首航初探之旅。高雄市:麗文文化。
高淑清(2008b):質性研究的十八堂課:揚帆再訪之旅。高雄市:麗文文化。
張德聰、黃正旭、黃素菲編著(2001):諮商技術。台北:國立空中大學。
張學善(1998):反移情之分析研究。國立彰化師範大學輔導學系博士論文。
張寶珠(1997):在心裡治療的歷程裡結案-好好道珍重再見。輔導季刊,33(2),42-47。
陳伯璋(2000):質性研究方法的理論基礎。高雄:麗文文化。
黃慧涵(1992):青年學生對父母過世的哀傷反應、調適行為與家庭關係之研究。 國立彰化師範大學輔導學系碩士論文。
廖鳳池(1994):諮商員自我認知對諮商關係暨諮商行為影響之研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所博士論文。
謝喬安(2008):遊戲治療師主觀知覺之反移情經驗。國立新竹教育大學教育心理與諮商學系碩士論文。
簡華妏(2006):華人文化脈落中諮商與心理輔導專業工作者之反移情處理能力、孝道信念與順道行為對諮商效能的影響之研究。國立臺灣師範大學教育心理與輔導研究所碩士論文。
西文部分:
Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1989). Attachment beyond infancy. American Psychologist, 44, 709-716.
Bartholomew, K. & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), 226-244.
Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and Loss:Vol. 2. Seperation: AnxietYand anger. New York:Basic Books.
Boyer, S. P. & Hoffman, M. A. (1993). Counselor Affective Reactions to Termination: Impact of Counselor Loss History and Perceived Client Sensitivity to Loss. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 40(3), 271-277.
Caspar, F.(1997). What goes on in a psychotherapist’s mind?Psychotherapy Research,7, 105-125.
Gladding, S. T. (2004). Counseling: A Comprehensive profession (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Corey, G. (2001). Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy (6th ed.).
Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks / Cole Pub. Co..
Gelso, C. J., & Hayes, J. A. (2007). Countertransference and the therapist’s inner experience: Perils and Possibilities. NJ: Erlbaum.
Goldfried, M. R. (2002). A Cognitive-Behavioural Perspective on Termination. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 12, 364-372.
Gelso, C. J., Fassinger, R. E., Gomez, M. J., & Lattw, M. G.(1995). Countertransference reaction to lesbian clients: The role of homophobia, counselor gender, and countertransference management. Journal of Counseling Psychoiogy, 42, 356-364.
Gladding, S. T. (2004). Counseling: A Comprehensive profession (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Goodyear, R. K. (1981). Termination As a Loss Experience for the Counselor. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 59, 347 - 350.
Greenberg, L. S. (2002). Termination of Experiential Therapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 12, 358-363.
Hamilton, N. G. (1988). Self and others : Object Relations theory in practice. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.
Hayes, J. A.(1995).Countertransference in group psychotherapy :Waking a sleeping dog . International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 45, 521-535.
Hayes, J. A., McCracken, J. E., Hill, C. E., Harp, J. S., & Carozzoni, P. (1998). Therapist perspectives on countertransference: qualitative data in search of a theory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45(4), 468-482.
Hazan, C.& Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as attachment process. Journal of personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), 511-524.
Hill, C. E. & O’ Brien, K. M. (1999). Helping skills: Facilitating exploration, insight, and action. Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association.
Joyce, A. S., Piper, W. E., Ogrodniczuk, J. S., & Klein, R. H. (2007). Termination in Psychotherapy: A psychodynamic model of processes and outcomes. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Kernberg, O.(1965). Notes on countertransference. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 13, 38-56.
Kramer, S. A. (1990). Positive Endings in Psychotherapy: Bringing Meaningful Closure to Therapeutic Relationships. San Francisco : Jossey-Bass.
Kubler-Ross, E. (1969). On death and dying. New York: Macmillan.
Lamb, D. H. (1985). A time-frame model of termination in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training. 22, 604-609.
Lantane, B., & Darley, J. (1970). The unresponsive bystander: Why doesn't he help? New York: Appleton- Century- Crofts.
Levinson, D. J. (1978). The seasons of man’s life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Mahler, M. S., Pine, F., & Bergman, A. (1975) . The psychological birth of the human infant. New York: Basic Books.
Martin, J. (1984). The Cognitive Mediational Paradigm for Research on Counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31(4), 558-671.
Martin, S., & Schurtman, R. (1985). Termination anxiety as it affects the therapist. Psychotherapy, 22, 92-96.
Marx, J. A. (1983). An exploratory study of the termination of individual counseling in a university counseling center. Dissertation Abstracts International, 44, 3938B.
Marx, J. A., & Gelso, C. J. (1987). Termination of individual counseling in a university counseling center. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 34, 3-9.
Moursund, J. (1993). The Process Of Counseling And Therapy (3rd Ed).Prentice-Hall,Inc.
Nelson, W. M. & Politano, P. M. (1993). The Goal Is To Say“Goodbye”and Have The Treatment Effects Generalize and Maintain: A Cognitive-Behavioral View of Termination. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 7(4), 251-263.
Nisbett , R.E., & Ross, L. (1980). Human inference: Strategies and shortcomings of social judgment. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Patterson, L. E. & Eisenberg, S. (1983). The Counseling Process. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Quintana, S. M. (1993). Toward an Expanded and Updated Conceptualization of termination: Implications for short-term, individual Psychotherapy. Professional psychology: Research and Practice, 24(4), 426-432.
Quintana, S. M.&Holahan, W. (1992). Termintion in short-term counseling: Comparison of successful and unsuccessful cases. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 39, 299-305.
Rosenberger, E. W., & Hayes, J. A. (2002). Therapist as Subject: A Review of the Empirical Countertransference Literature. Journal of Counseling and Development, 80(3), 264-270.
Shaver, P. R., & Tancredy, C. M. (2001). Emotion, Attachment, and Bereavement: A Conceptual Commentary. In M. S. Stroebe, R. O. Hansson, W. Stroebe, & H. Schut(Eds.), Handbook of bereavement research: Consequences, coping, and care (pp. 63-88). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Tansey, M. J. & Burke, W. F. (1989). Understanding countertransference: From projective identification to empathy. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press.
Teyber, E. (1997). Interpersonal Process in Psychotherapy: A relational approach (3rd ed.).California: Brooks/Cole.
Weiner, I. B. (1998). Principles of Psychotherapy (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley.
Wortman, C. B., & Silver, R. C. (2001). The myths of coping with loss revisited. In. M. S. Stroebe, W. Stroebe, & R. O. Hansson (Eds.), Handbook of bereavement:Theory, research, and intervention (pp. 405-429). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Yalom, I. D. (2005).The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy (5th ed.). New York: Basic Books.