20世紀以來，鋼琴作品在技巧上有很大的突破，無論在和聲進行、語法和曲式架構上，跟以往有很大的不同，作曲家們紛紛尋求新的音色並探索新的音響效果，當代鋼琴作品因此顯得相當難以演奏與背譜。要演奏好當代鋼琴作品，一定要先從樂譜上去清楚地了解作曲家的意圖，當代作曲家對於樂譜的標示都比以往來得仔細，如果能掌握這些樂譜上的細節，仔細地探究之後，在詮釋和對於音樂的理解上會有相當大的助益。
本文以澳洲當代作曲家卡爾•凡恩(Carl Vine, 1954~)的兩首作品:《第一號鋼琴奏鳴曲》(Piano Sonata, 1990)與《五首鋼琴小品》(Five Bagatelles, 1994)來探討凡恩鋼琴作品中的當代音樂風格。

一、 參考書目
Banowetz, Joseph. The Pianist’s Guide to Pedaling. Bloomington: Indiana University
Press, 1985.

Burge, David. Twentieth-Century Piano Music. New York: Schirmer Books, 1990.

De la Fuente, Eduardo. Twentieth century music and the question of modernity. New York: Routledge, c2011.

Gieseking, Walter. and Leimer, Karl. Piano Technique. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1972.

Kirby, F. E. Music For Piano, A short History. Oregon: Amadeus Press, 1995.

Kostka, Stefan. Materials and techniques of twentieth-century music Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice Hall, 2006.

Lester, Joel. Analytic Approaches to Twentieth-Century Music. New York and London: W.W. Norton & Company, 1989.

Machlis, Joseph. Introduction to contemporary music. 2. Ed. New York : Norton, 1979

Morgan, Robert. Twentieth-century music. New York: Norton, c1991.

Newman, William S. The pianist’s problem; a modern approach to efficient practice and musicianly performanace. New York: Harper, 1956.
Ortmann, Otto. The Physiological Mecahnics of Piano Technique. New York: E.P.Dutton & Co., Inc., 1929.

Salzman, Eric. Twentieth century music : An Introduction Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall, 2002.

Sitsky, Larry. Australian piano music of the twentieth century. Music Reference Collection, Volume 87. London: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005

二、 論文
Gina, Kyounglae Kang. ‘‘A study of the third piano sonata of Carl Vine(2007):The muscical characteristics of the third piano sonata compared through the first sonata and second sonata and practical performance guidance’’ D.M.A. diss., The Ohio State University, 2012.

Min, Kui. ‘‘Carl Vine first piano sonata(1990):new sounds, old idol, and extreme Pianism’’ D.M.A. diss., University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2008.

Yang, Eun-Kyoung. ‘‘The Piano Sonatas of Carl Vine: A Guideline to performance and style analysis’’ D.M.A. diss., The Ohio State University, 2003.

Yoon, Hyekyung. ‘‘An Introduction of Carl Vine’s three piano sonatas with emphasis on performance and practice suggestion for sonata No.2’’ D.M.A. diss., The Ohio State University, 2010.

三、 音樂會與唱片評論
Sullivan, Jack. “CORIGLIANO: Etude-Fantasy; FOSS: Solo; VINE: Sonata.” American RecordGuide, 69 no. 2 (Mar/Apr 2006): 80.

Svejda, Jim. The Record Shelf Guide to Classical CDs & Audio Cassettes, 4th Edition, Rocklin, CA: Prima Publishing, 1994.
四、 樂譜
Carter, Elliott. Piano sonata(1945~46). Bryn Mawr; Mercury Music Corporation, 1948.
Vine, Carl. Five bagatelles(1994). London: Faber Music Ltd., 1995.
¬¬¬________. Piano sonata(1990). London: Chester Music Ltd., 1990.

五、 網路資料
Absoluteastronomy. “Carl Vine” (摘錄於October 4,2012)
http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Carl_Vine

Australian Music Centre “Carl Vine” (摘錄於October 5,2012)
http://www.australianmusiccentre.com.au/artist/vine-carl

Carl Vine website (摘錄於October 5,2012)
http://www.carlvine.com/

Chester Music & Novello & Co. “Carl Vine” (摘錄於October 7,2012)
http://www.chesternovello.com/default.aspx?TabId=2431&State_2905=2& composerId_2905=1642

Faber Music. “Carl Vine” (摘錄於October 20,2012)
http://www.fabermusic.com/Composers-Details.aspx?ComposerId=713

GMG Classical Music Forum. “Carl Vine(1954-)” (摘錄於October 10,2012)
http://www.good-music-guide.com/community/index.php?topic=16935.0

Grant Rogers Musical Artists Management. “SERGEI BABAYAN” (摘錄於October 9,2012)
http://www.ngrartists.com/artists/babayan_s.htm

Instant Encore. “Vine: Sonata for Piano no 1” (摘錄於October 9,2012)
http://www.instantencore.com/work/work.aspx?work=5023550

Musica Viva. “Carl Vine The Piano Works-Astra Concert 2” (摘錄於October 8,2012)
http://www.astramusic.org.au/program-notes/2004-2.html

六、 有聲資料
Babayan, Sergei. Messiaen, Carl Vine, Respighi & Ligeti. Pro-Piano Records, 1998.

Harvey, Michael Kieran. Carl Vine: Chamber Music Volume 1. Tall Poppies, 1994.

Hong, Caroline. Caroline Hong Plays Corigliano, Foss & Vine. Fleur De Son, 2005.

Rosen, Charles. Elliott Carter: The Complete Music for Piano. Bridge Records,1997.

Yang, Joyce. Twelfth Van Cliburn International Piano Competition: Joyce Yang, Silver Medalist. Harmonia Mundi, 2005.