簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 陳柏宏
論文名稱: 基質輔助雷射脫附/游離-飛行時間質譜法對濫用藥物的快速偵測
Rapid screening of illicit drugs by MALDI-TOFMS
指導教授: 林震煌
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 化學系
Department of Chemistry
論文出版年: 2007
畢業學年度: 95
語文別: 中文
中文關鍵詞: 基質輔助雷射脫附游離飛行時間質譜法濫用藥物色胺苯乙胺
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:196下載:3
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 本次研究提供了以GC-EI/MS,LC-ESI/MS及MALDI-TOFMS三種質譜技術,分析一系列合成色胺及苯乙胺類等濫用藥物,並建立其在三種模式下的質譜圖,研究的濫用藥物依序如下alpha-methyltryptamine (AMT)、N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT)、5-methoxy-alpha-methyl
    -tryptamine (5-MeO-AMT)、N,N-diethyltryptamine(DET)、N,N-dipropyltryptamine (DPT)、N,N-dibutyltryptamine(DBT)、N,N-diisopropyltryptamine(DIPT)、5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyl-
    tryptamine (5-MeO-DMT)、5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT)、methamphetamine (MAMP)、3,4-methylenedioxy-
    amphetamine (3,4-MDA)、3,4-methylenedioxymeth-amphetamine (3,4-MDMA)、2-methylamino-1-3,4-methylenedioxyphenylbutane (MBDB),當使用電子撞擊法(Electron impact)時,得到相對較多的分子碎片,但使用ESI及MALDI的游離模式,可觀察到兩種特殊斷裂途徑,分別為alpha-cleavage([M+H]+→[3-vinylindole]+)和beta-cleavage([M+H]+→ CH2N+RN1RN2 (N,N-dialkylimine))。另外,觀察到色胺類其質子化離子及其斷裂碎片離子(經由alpha斷裂與beta斷裂所產生)的離子化效率優異程度,與色胺側邊碳鏈上NH2官能基烷基化有關。

    中文摘要................................................... I 英文摘要.................................................. II 目錄..................................................... III 圖目錄.................................................... VI 表目錄.................................................... IX 第一章 緒論....................................................... 1 1-1 研究目的............................................. 1 1-2 分析物簡介............................................3 1-2-1 色胺類(Tryptamine)濫用藥物.................... 3 1-2-2 苯乙胺類(Phenethylamines)安非他命系列濫用藥物. 5 1-2-3 苯乙胺類(Phenethylamines)2C系列濫用藥物....... 6 1-2-4 LSD(Lysergic acid diethylamide)類濫用藥物..... 8 1-3 Nd : YAG雷射簡介.....................................11 第二章 分析方法及原理.................................... 13 2-1 基質輔助雷射脫附游離質譜法(MALDI)................... 13 2-1-1 質譜儀簡介................................... 13 2-1-2 基質輔助雷射脫附游離飛行時間質譜法簡介....... 14 2-1-3 飛行時間質譜儀(TOF-MS)....................... 17 2-1-4 基質輔助雷射脫附游離法中離子的形成機制....... 19 2-1-5 基質輔助雷射脫附游離法中基質的特性與功能..... 20 2-1-6 樣品製備方式................................. 23 第三章 儀器、藥品與實驗方法.............................. 24 3-1 自組式基質輔助雷射脫附/游離飛行時間質譜儀........... 24 3-1-1 飛行時間質譜儀的操作方式..................... 24 3-1-2 飛行時間質譜儀中真空度的控制................. 29 3-2 數據處理............................................ 30 3-2-1 飛行時間圖數據擷取方式....................... 30 3-2-2 質量校正檢量線製作........................... 31 3-3 儀器與周邊設備列表.................................. 33 3-4 藥品列表............................................ 36 第四章 結果與討論........................................ 40 4-1 GC-MS對色胺類濫用藥物的鑑定......................... 40 4-2 MALDI-TOFMS對色胺類濫用藥物的偵測................... 48 4-2-1 基質的選擇................................... 48 4-2-2 實驗操作及基質配............................. 50 4-2-3 使用基質CHCA對色胺濫用藥物的偵測............. 53 4-2-4 使用基質2,5-DHB對色胺濫用藥物的偵測.......... 63 4-2-5 使用基質CHCA對色胺濫用藥物混合樣品的偵測..... 66 4-2-6 使用基質2,5-DHB對色胺濫用藥物混合樣品的偵測.. 69 4-3 ESI-MS對色胺類濫用藥物的偵測........................ 72 4-4 MALDI-TOFMS對苯乙胺安非他命系列類濫用藥物的偵測..... 75 4-4-1 基質CHCA對苯乙胺類安非他命系列濫用藥物的偵測.. 75 4-5 ESI-MS對苯乙胺類安非他命系列濫用藥物的偵測.......... 79 4-6 MALDI-TOFMS對苯乙胺類2C系列濫用藥物的偵測........... 82 4-6-1 基質CHCA為對苯乙胺類2C系列濫用藥物的偵測...... 82 4-7 ESI-MS對苯乙胺2C系列類濫用藥物的偵測................ 84 4-8 EI-MS、ESI-MS、MALDI-TOFMS對色胺類DMT之比較......... 86 4-9 EI-MS、ESI-MS、MALDI-TOFMS對苯乙胺類3,4-MDMA之比較.. 91 4-10 EI-MS、ESI-MS、MALDI-TOFMS對苯乙胺類2C-B之比較...... 94 4-11 EI-MS、ESI-MS、MALDI-TOFMS對色胺類側鏈NH2官能基上不同 烷基取代之游離效率比較............................... 96 4-12 MALDI-TOFMS對濫用藥物LSD的偵測...................... 98 4-12-1 使用基質2,5-DHB對濫用藥物LSD標準品的偵測.... 98 4-12-2 使用基質CHCA對LSD、iso-LSD、LAMPA的偵測.... 100 4-12-3 使用基質CHCA對尿液中添加LSD的偵測.......... 102 4-12-4 使用基質2,5-DHB對尿液中添加LSD的偵測....... 104 4-13 LSD之EI-MS、ESI-MS及MALDI-TOFMS圖譜分析............ 106 4-14 使用MALDI-TOFMS偵測13種濫用藥物的混合樣品.......... 109 4-15 MALDI-TOFMS分析頭髮中毒物及取締樂錠上的應用........ 111 第五章 結論............................................. 119 論文發表................................................. 120 參考文獻................................................. 121

    [1] Moyer, S. C.; Budnik, B. A.; Pittman, J. L.; Costello, C. E., O’Conner, P. B. Anal. Chem., 2003, 75, 6449-6454.
    [2] Russell, S. C.; Czerwieniec, G.; Lebrilla, C.; Steele, P.; Riot, V.; Coffee, K.; Frank, M.; Gard, E. E. Anal. Chem., 2005, 77, 4734-4741.
    [3] Schriemer, D. C.; Li, L. Anal. Chem. 1996, 68, 2721-2725
    [4] Tanaka, K.; Ido, Y.; Akita, S.; Yoshida, Y.; Yoshida, T. Proceedings of the second Japan-China Joint Symposium on Mass Spectromety, 1987, 185-188.
    [5] Tanaka, K.; Waki, H.; Ido, Y.; Akita, S.; Yoshida, Y.; Yoshida, T. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1988, 2, 151-153.
    [6] Karas, M.; Hillenkamp, F. Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 2299-2301.
    [7] Kao, H.-Y.; Su, Y.-N.; Liao, H-K.; Liu, M.-S.; Chen, Y.-J. Clin. Chem. 2006, 52, 361-369.
    [8] Chou, P.-H.; Chen, S.-H.; Liao, H,-K.; Lin, P.-C.; Her, G.-R.; Lai, A.-C.; Chen, J.-H.; Lin, C.-C.; Chen, Y.-J. Anal. Chem. 2005, 77, 5990-5997
    [9] Wilkes, J. G.; Buzatu, D. A.; Dare, D. J.; Dragan, Y. P.; Chiarelli, M. P., Holland, R. D.; Beaudoin, M., Heinze, T. M.; Nayak, R.; Shvartsburg, A. A. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2006, 20, 1595-1603.
    [10] Suriano, R.; Lin, Y.; Ashok, B. T.; Schaefer, S. D.; Schantz, S. P.; Geliebter, J.; Tiwari, R. K. J. Proteome Res. 2006, 5, 856-861.
    [11] Finnskog, D.; Jaras, K.; Ressine, A.; Malm, J.; Marko-Varga, G.; Lilja, H.; Laurell, T. Electrophoresis 2006; 27, 1093-1103.
    [12] Brunner, J.; Barton, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 6772-6773.
    [13] Mengel-Jorgensen, J.; Sanchez, J. J.; Borsting, C.; Kirpekar, F.; Morling, N.; Anal. Chem. 2005, 77, 5229-5235.
    [14] Merchant, M.; Weinberger, S.R. Eletrophoresis 2000, 21, 1164-1177.
    [15] Ayorinde, F. O.; Prenni, J. E.; Wei, J.; Jones, A.; Hall, S. C.; Witkowska, H. E.; Shen, Z.; Siuzdak, G. Anal.Chem. 2003, 75, 2504-2506.
    [16] Sleno, L.; Volmer D. A. Rapid commun. Mass Spectrom. 2006, 20, 1517-1524.
    [17] Gobey, J.; Cole, M.; Janiszewski, J.; Covey, T.; Chau, T.; Kovarik, P.; Corr, J. Anal. Chem. 2005, 77, 5643-5654.
    [18] Mullen, A. K.; Clench, M. R.; Crosland, S.; Sharpless, K. R.; Rapid commun. Mass Spectrom. 2005, 19, 2507-2516.
    [19] Sleno, L; Volmer, D. A. Rapid commun. Mass Spectrom. 2005, 19, 1928-1936.
    [20] Guo, Z.; Zhang, Q.; Zou, H.; Guo, B.; Ni, J. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74, 1637-1641.
    [21] Wei, J.; Buriak, J. M.; Siuzdak, G.; Nature 1999, 399, 1629-1635.
    [22] Chen, W. Y.; Wang, L. S.; Chiu, H. T.; Chen, Y. C.; Lee, C.Y. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2004, 15, 1629-1635.
    [23] Hatsis, P.; Brombacher, S.; Corr, J.; Kovarik, P.; Volmer, D. A. Rapid commun. Mass Spectrom. 2003, 17, 2303-2309.
    [24] Kang, M. J.; Tholey, A.; Heinzle, E.; Rapid commun. Mass Spectrom. 2001, 15, 1327-1333.
    [25] Rideout, D.; Bustamante, A.; Siuzdak, G. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1993, 90, 10226-10229.
    [26] Horak, J.; Werther, W.; Schmid, E. R. Rapid commun. Mass Spectrom. 2001, 15, 1327-1333.
    [27] Ling, Y. C.; Lin, L.; Chen, Y. T. Rapid commun. Mass Spectrom. 1998, 12, 317-327.
    [28] Duncan, M. W.; Matanovic, G.; Cerpa-Poljak, A. Rapid commun. Mass Spectrom. 1993, 7, 1090-1094.
    [29] Dally, J. E.; Gorniak, J.; Bowie, R.; Bertzley, C. M. Anal. Chem. 2003, 75, 5046-5053.
    [30] U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, Microgram Bull.,2003, 36(2), 31.
    [31] U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, Microgram Bull., 2003, 36(5), 90.
    [32] U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, Microgram Bull., 2003, 36(8), 173.
    [33] U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, Microgram Bull., 2004, 37(1), 1.
    [34] Florida Department of Law Enforcement, Long-Range Program Plan 2004, 8.
    [35] A. Shulgin, A. Shulgin, THINKAL (Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved): The continuation, Transform Press, Berkeley, 1997.
    [36] Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), Department of Justice. Schedules of controlled substances: temporary placement of -methyltryptamine and 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine into Schedule I. Final rule. Fed Regist., 2003, 68(65) 16427.
    [37] Ensslin, H. K.; Kovar, K. A.; Maurer, H. H. J. Chromatogr. B 1996, 683, 189-197.
    [38] Maurer, H. H.; Bickeboeller- Friedrich, J.; Kraemer, T.; Peters, F. T. Toxicol. Letters 2000, 133, 112-113.
    [39] Sadeghipour, F.; Veuthey, J. L. J. Chromatogr. A 1997, 787, 137-143.
    [40] 管制藥品管理局/公告區/認清MDMA的真面目: Http://210.241.68.101/circular/circular_16-1.asp
    [41] 管制藥品管理局/預警宣導區/使用快樂丸保證讓你呆 Http://210.241.68.101/circular/circular_10.asp
    [42] Brady, J. F.; Stephano, E. W.; Cho, A. K. Life Sci. 1986, 39, 1457-1464.
    [43] Ricaurte, G. A.; Bryan, G.; Seiden, L.; Schuster, C; Science 1985, 229, 986-988.
    [44] Naranjo, C.; Shulgin, A. T.; Sargent, T. Med. Pharmacol. Exper. 1967, 17, 359-364.
    [45] Turek, I. S.; Soskin, R. A.; Kurland, A. A. J. Psychedelic Drugs. 1974, 6(1), 7-13.
    [46] Utrilla, P. Ars Pharmaceutica 2000, 41, 67-77.
    [47] Lapin, I. CNS Drug rev. 2001, 7, 471-481.
    [48] Shulgin, A. PiHKAL, A Chemical Love Story, Transform Press, Berkeley, Fifth printing, CA 94712, 2000, p.557
    [49] Schneider, S.; Kuffer, P.; Wennig, R.; J. Chromatogr. B 1998, 713, 189-200.
    [50] Djordjevic M. N.; Fitzparick F.; Houdiere, F. Electrophresis 2000, 21, 724-728.
    [51] 行政院衛生署/管制藥品管理局 http://www.nbcd.gov.tw/prop/prop_1-12.asp
    [52] Mcnally, Z. L.; Wang, H.; Salamone, S.J. J. Anal. Toxicol. 1998, 22, 520-524.
    [53] Djordjevic M. N.; Fitzparick F.; Houdiere, F. Electrophoresis 2000, 21, 724-728.
    [54] Poch, G. K.; Klette, K. L.; Anderson, C.; J. Anal. Toxicol. 2000, 24, 170-175.
    [55] Moyer, S. C.; Budnik, B. A.; Pittman, J. L.; Costello, C. E., O’Conner, P. B. Anal. Chem., 2003, 75, 6449-6454.
    [56] Russell, S. C.; Czerwieniec, G.; Lebrilla, C.; Steele, P.; Riot, V.; Coffee, K.; Frank, M.; Gard, E. E. Anal. Chem., 2005, 77, 4734-4741.
    [57] Schriemer, D. C.; Li, L. Anal. Chem. 1996, 68, 2721-2725.
    [58] Tanaka, K.; Ido, Y.; Akita, S.; Yoshida, Y.; Yoshida, T. Proceedings of the second Japan-China Joint Symposium on Mass Spectromety, 1987, 185-188.
    [59] Tanaka, K.; Waki, H.; Ido, Y.; Akita, S.; Yoshida, Y.; Yoshida, T. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1988, 2, 151-153.
    [60] Karas, M.; Hillenkamp, F. Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 2299-2301.
    [61] Kao, H.-Y.; Su, Y.-N.; Liao, H-K.; Liu, M.-S.; Chen, Y.-J. Clin. Chem. 2006, 52, 361-369.
    [62] Chou, P.-H.; Chen, S.-H.; Liao, H,-K.; Lin, P.-C.; Her, G.-R.; Lai, A.-C.; Chen, J.-H.; Lin, C.-C.; Chen, Y.-J. Anal. Chem. 2005, 77, 5990-5997.
    [63] Wilkes, J. G.; Buzatu, D. A.; Dare, D. J.; Dragan, Y. P.; Chiarelli, M. P., Holland, R. D.; Beaudoin, M., Heinze, T. M.; Nayak, R.; Shvartsburg, A. A. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2006, 20, 1595-1603.
    [64] Suriano, R.; Lin, Y.; Ashok, B. T.; Schaefer, S. D.; Schantz, S. P.; Geliebter, J.; Tiwari, R. K. J. Proteome Res. 2006, 5, 856-861.
    [65] Finnskog, D.; Jaras, K.; Ressine, A.; Malm, J.; Marko-Varga, G.; Lilja, H.; Laurell, T. Electrophoresis 2006; 27, 1093-1103.
    [66] Brunner, J.; Barton, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 6772-6773.
    [67] Mengel-Jorgensen, J.; Sanchez, J. J.; Borsting, C.; Kirpekar, F.; Morling, N.; Anal. Chem. 2005, 77, 5229-5235.
    [68] Wiley, W. C., Mclaren, I. H. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1955, 26, 1150-1157.
    [69] Zenobi, R.; Knochenmuss, R. Mass Spectrometry Reviews 1998, 17, 337-366.
    [70] Karas, M.; Gluckmann, M.; Schafer, J. J. Mass Spectrom. 2000, 35, 1-12.
    [71] Knochenmuss, R.; Stortelder, A.; Breuker, K.; Zenobi, R. J. Mass Spectrom. 2000, 35, 1237-1245.
    [72] Ohanessian, G.; Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 2002, 219, 577-592.
    [73] McCarley, T. D.; McCarley, R. L.; Limbach, P. A. Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 4376-4379.
    [74] Karas, M.; Kruger, R. Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 427-439.
    [75] Knochenmuss, R. Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 3179-3184.
    [76] Westmacott, G.; Ens, W.; Hillenkamp, F.; Dreisewerd, K.; Schurenberg, M. Int. J. Mass. Spectrom. 2002, 221, 67-81.
    [77] Van, B.; R.B.; Snow, M.; Cotter, R. Int. J. Mass. Spectrom. Ion. Phys. 1983, 49, 35.
    [78] Hillenkamp, F.; Karas, M.; Beavis, R. C.; Chait, B. T., Anal. Chem., 1991, 63, 1193-1200.
    [79] Karas, M.; Hillenkamp, F. Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 2299-2301.
    [80] Oh, J. Y.; Moon, J. H.; Lee, Y. H.; Hyung, S. W.; Lee, S. W.; Kim, M. S. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2005, 19, 1283-1288.
    [81] Lin, Y. S.; Chen, Y. C. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74, 5793-5798.
    [82] Mank, M.; Stahl, B.; Boehm, G. Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 2938-2950.
    [83] Smirnov, I. P.; Zhu, X.; Taylor, T.; Huang, Y.; Ross, P.; Papayanopoulos, I. A.; Martin, S. A.; Pappin, D. J.; Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 2958-5965.
    [84] Pashkova, A.; Moskovets, E.; Karger, B. L.; Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 4550-4557.
    [85] Koufman, J. M.; Jaber, A. J.; Stump, M. J.; Simonsick Jr. W. J.; Wilkins, C. L.; Int. J. Mass. Spectrom. 2004, 234, 153-160.
    [86] Kim, J.; Paek, K. Kang, W.; Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 2002, 23, 315-319.
    [87] Kang. W.; Kim, J. Shin, K. P. K. S. Rapid commun. Mass Spectrom. 2001, 15, 941-944.
    [88] Cornett, D. S.; Duncan, M. A.; Amster, I. J. Anal Chem. 1993, 65, 2608-2613.
    [89] Schurenberg, M.; Dresiswerd, K.; Hillenkamp, F. Anal. Chem. 1999, 71, 221-229.
    [90] Golovlev, V. V.; Lee, S. H.; Allman, S. L.; Taranenko, N. I., Isola, N. R.; Chen, C. H. Anal. Chem. 2001, 73, 809-812.
    [91] Seggern, C. E. V.; Cotter, R. J. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2003, 14, 1158-1165.
    [92] Xu, Y.; Little, M. W.; Rousell, D. J.; Laboy, J. L.; Murray, K. K.; Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 1078-1082.
    [93] Luxembourg, S. L.; McDonnell, L. A.; Mize, T. H.; Heeren, R. M. A. J. Proteome Res. 2005, 4, 671-673.
    [94] Ehring, H.;Karas, M.; Hillenkamp, F. Org. Mass Spectrom., 1992, 27,472.
    [95] Juhasz, P.; Costello, C.E.; Biemann, K.; J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1993, 4, 399-409.
    [96] Fitzgerald, M. C.; Parr, G.R.; Smith, L.M. Anal. Chem., 1993, 65, 3204-3211.
    [97] Kruger, R.; Pfenninger, I.; Fournier, M.; Gluckmann, M.; Karas, M. Anal Chem. 2001, 73, 5812-5821.
    [98] Pshenichnyuk, S. A.; Asfandiarov, N. L.; Fal’ko, V. S.; Lukin, V. G. Int. J. Mass. Spectrom. 2003, 227, 259-272.
    [99] Yang, X.; Wu, H.; Kobayashi, T.; Solaro, R. J.; Van Beemen, R. B.; Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 1532-1536.
    [100] Dai, Y.; Whittal, R. M.; Li L. Anal. Chem. 1999, 71, 1087-1091.
    [101] Amini, A.; Dormady, S. J.; Riggs, L.; Regnier, F. E. J Chromatogr. A 2000, 894, 345-355.

    下載圖示
    QR CODE