研究生: |
洪佩鈺 Pei-Yu Hung |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
大比例尺地圖濱線變化量的擷取─以台東海岸為例 Using large-scale maps detect shoreline changes─A case study in Taitung coast |
指導教授: |
沈淑敏
Shen, Su-Min |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
地理學系 Department of Geography |
論文出版年: | 2005 |
畢業學年度: | 93 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 117 |
中文關鍵詞: | 濱線繪製 、濱線變遷 、濱線指標 、台東 |
英文關鍵詞: | shoreline mapping, shoreline changes, shoreline indicator, Taitung |
論文種類: | 學術論文 |
相關次數: | 點閱:263 下載:23 |
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濱線繪製(shoreline mapping)包含濱線調查、圖像資料測繪以及濱線的疊圖比對,濱線繪製的目的在於決定濱線位置及定量濱線變化。國外濱線繪製成為研究議題已三十多年,國內濱線繪製相對於國外缺乏統一的繪製標準及流程,且航拍時未考慮天候及海象條件。所以本文研究重點放在大比例尺影像地圖(比例尺≧1:5000)濱線指標的選定判別,並評估海象狀況對濱線所造成的影響。
本研究以台東海岸近二十年的濱變遷為例,採用像片基本圖第一版、海岸像片地形圖及彩色正射影像圖三版大比例尺影像地圖,詳細探討應用歷年大比例尺地圖量化濱變遷,所應注意的事項與涉及的誤差。討論重點分為濱線數化及濱線變化量分析兩部分:前者探討濱線數化過程中底圖放大倍率、濱線指標選取的操作型定義;後者則提供濱線分析時基準線的選擇以及量測線間距定訂的方法。所獲主要結果如下:
本研究提供國內應用大比例尺地圖濱線繪製的流程,在濱線指標的選取上,國外研究認為平均高水位線及高水位線為最佳的濱線指標,但因已出版的地圖並非針對海岸變遷而製作,缺乏野外實測資料配合,高水位線在地圖上的辨識度低,並非國內大比例尺影像地圖最佳的濱線指標。考慮濱線指標的連續性、穩定性及辨識度,乾濕線為較佳的濱線指標。濱線分析上:宜以濱線為基準線,因濱線最能符合海岸變化趨勢;濱線曲率越大,量測線垂直基準線產生間距應越小,此數值在台東海岸北段為50 m,南段為100 m。
以台東海岸為例,評估濱線擷取過程中的誤差,圖資誤差為 ±6 m,人為數化誤差 ±2 m,潮位影響在沙灘為 ±6 m、礫灘為 ±2 m,整體誤差近 ±9 m,相較卑南溪整體平均變化量為-76 m,太麻里三角洲海岸為-71 m,誤差量遠小於台東數十年間的實際變化量。濱線擷取流程雖以台東海岸為例,方法上可做為日後全台數十年濱線變遷的參考。
此外,應用大比例尺地圖量測本島其他海岸濱線變遷時,應注意海岸特性的差異,在東部因潮差較小,地形坡度較陡,所以潮位造成的影響有限,相對而言風浪影響較顯著,選用圖像資料時要特別注意風浪的狀況,西部海岸要特別注意潮位所造成的影響。
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