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研究生: 廖廷瑋
Liao, Ting-Wei
論文名稱: 全向移動平台動態物件追蹤控制與設計
Dynamic Object Tracking Control and Design of Omnidirectional Mobile Platform
指導教授: 呂藝光
Leu, Yih-Guang
口試委員: 吳政郎
Wu, Jenq-Lang
張原彰
Chang, Yuan-Chang
陶金旺
Tao, Chin-Wang
鄭錦聰
Jeng, Jin-Tsong
呂藝光
Leu, Yih-Guang
口試日期: 2023/07/14
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 電機工程學系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年: 2023
畢業學年度: 111
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 86
中文關鍵詞: 全向移動平台階層模糊控制PIDNN控制物件追蹤
英文關鍵詞: Omnidirectional mobile, PIDNN control, Object tracking
研究方法: 實驗設計法
DOI URL: http://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202301256
論文種類: 學術論文
相關次數: 點閱:117下載:2
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  • 全向移動平台(Omnidirectional Mobile Platform)是具有全向性的移動機器人平台,其機動性更高,但相對於傳統四輪平台在運動控制上也更為複雜。本文自行設計此移動平台,從車身、驅動系統、控制系統、各種感測器以及影像識別系統,並且整合移動平台和影像系統的軟、硬體功能。使其能完成一些簡單擬人類的動作。
    接著,詳細說明了全向移動平台的運動學分析,包括其運動模型和運動方程式。在此基礎上,介紹了運動控制方法,包括階層模糊控制和由PID控制結合類神經網路的PIDNN控制,並且加上動態物件追蹤技術判斷目標位置,並且預測其落點。
    最後,實驗結果表明,所提出的控制方法可以實現對平台的運動控制和穩定性控制,並且可以有效追蹤物件並且移動到指定定點。此外,該方法也具有一定的通用性,可應用於其他需要追蹤物件的全向移動平台上。

    Omnidirectional Mobile Platform is an omnidirectional mobile robot with higher mobility, but it’s also more complex in motion control than traditional four-wheel platforms. This thesis designs the mobile platform by myself, from drive system, control system, various sensors, and integrates the software and hardware functions of the mobile platform and image recognition system.
    Next, the kinematics analysis of the omnidirectional mobile platform is described. On this basis, the motion control method is introduced, including hierarchical fuzzy control and PIDNN control combined with PID control and neural network, and combined with dynamic object tracking technology to detect target position and predict its landing point.
    Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed control method can realize the motion control of the platform, and can effectively track the specific object and move to target. In addition, the method has certain versatility and can be applied to other omnidirectional mobile platforms that need to track object.

    誌 謝 i 摘 要 ii ABSTRACT iii 目 錄 iv 圖 目 錄 vii 表 目 錄 x 第一章  緒論 1 1.1 研究動機與背景 1 1.2 研究目的 2 1.3 研究方法 3 1.4 論文架構 3 第二章  文獻探討 5 2.1 全向移動車之演進 5 2.2 全向移動車之運動模型 6 2.3 動態物件追蹤 8 第三章  全向移動平台之軟、硬體系統架構與設計 10 3.1 系統架構 11 3.2 硬體架構與設備 12 3.2.1 電源系統 14 3.2.2 微處理器 16 3.2.3 樹莓派 17 3.2.4 全向輪 18 3.2.5 馬達與驅動器 18 3.2.6 霍爾元件 21 3.2.7 超音波感測器 22 3.2.8 姿態感測器 24 3.2.9 藍牙模組 25 3.2.10 電池 26 3.3 軟體架構 27 3.3.1 動態物件追蹤系統 27 3.3.2 全向移動平台控制系統 28 第四章  全向移動平台之控制與動態物件追蹤方法 30 4.1 模糊控制 30 4.1.1 模糊化 32 4.1.2 推論引擎與模糊規則 34 4.1.3 解模糊化 36 4.2 速度控制 37 4.2.1 PID控制器 37 4.2.2 類神經網路 39 4.2.3 PIDNN控制器 40 4.3 動態物件追蹤方法 43 4.3.1 色彩空間轉換 43 4.3.2 特徵提取 44 4.3.3 影像侵蝕、膨脹 45 4.3.4 羽球運動方程式 47 4.3.5 決策樹 49 4.4 目標定位方法 51 4.4.1 單目測距 51 4.4.2 相機內部參數 54 4.4.3 相機外部參數 56 4.4.4 像素座標轉世界座標 57 4.4.5 相機畸變參數 58 第五章  實驗與分析 59 5.1 PIDNN多個運動方向定速實驗 59 5.2 移動平台避障模擬實驗 65 5.3 移動平台避障實驗 71 5.4 基於動態物件追蹤的接球實驗 75 第六章  結論與展望 81 6.1 結論 81 6.2 未來展望 81 參 考 文 獻 82

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